共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 781 毫秒
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运动生化在运动训练中的重要性顾成绮刘中运动生物化学是研究运动对机体化学组成的影响和运动时物质代谢的特点、能量转变和运动能力关系的一门学科。人体的化学组成和运动训练是相互适应的，练力量可使人体肌肉蛋白质增加，练长跑可减体脂等等，这都是身体化学组成... 相似文献
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海峡两岸学校体育比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用文献资料研究、社会调查，专家访谈和比较分析等研究方法，对海峡两岸学校体育管理体制、学校体育教学、课余体育训练与竞赛，以及课余体育活动等方面进行了比较研究，两岸分属于两种不同的社会制度，学校体育的发展有其特定的历史和社会背景，各有自己的特点，长处和不足。两岸应各自充分发挥学校体育的优势，通过广泛的交流与合作，促进两岸学校体育健康，和谐地发展。 相似文献
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综述了第九届国际人体组成学研讨会中有关运动对人体组成影响的研究,为读者介绍在此领域里国内外的最新研究动态。依据研究对象的不同,将有关运动对人体组成影响的研究大致分为3个方面：运动对一般人群人体组成的影响、运动员的人体组成、运动对疾病患者人体组成的影响,并分别概述了有关研究内容。与其他国家的研究相比,国内研究虽然在数量上占优势（国内文章有22篇,其他国家11篇）,但在质量上要弱于其他国家,国内学者更多地采用生物电阻抗的方法,探讨运动单一因素和对人体组成影响,较少考虑到饮食、能量平衡等因素对人体组成的影响。对群体日常体力活动量与人体组成的影响研究中,量化体力活动量多采用加速度计,得到的结果与真实的日常体力活动量还有一定的差距。我们期待新技术和新方法的出现,以便为日常体力活动量与人体组成的量效关系研究带来便捷。 相似文献
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兰自力 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(1):31-33
笔者对海峡两岸学校课余体育训练与竞赛的管理体制、主要组织形式 ,以及课余体育训练与竞赛的基本特征与现状进行了比较分析。研究认为 :由于历史的原因 ,两岸形成了独自的学校课余体育训练与竞赛体系与特点 ,各有其长处和不足 ;通过比较研究 ,充分发挥两岸课余体育训练与竞赛的各自优势与成功经验 ,加强两岸学校体育交流与合作 ,以促进两岸学校体育的协调发展。 相似文献
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通过剖析海峡两岸体育交流现状，结合体育社团的功能、特点，分析体育社团对海峡两岸体育交流的影响。研究认为，体育社团发挥桥梁纽带作用，促进两岸体育交流；扩大两岸体育交流内涵，带动其他领域的合作和交流；整合两岸体育资源，缩小两岸体育发展差距，营造和谐的两岸体育文化氛围；传播中华体育文化，促进文化认同，遏制台湾“本土文化教育”。 相似文献
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海峡两岸体育交流的回顾与展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将20多年来海峡两岸体育交流的曲折历程划为3个阶段:发端阶段、拓展阶段、发展阶段,并分析其成因、特点和作用.认为两岸体育的交流与合作有利于打破两岸关系的僵局,实现和平统一,有利于各个领域的交流合作以及两岸竞技运动水平的提高,两岸的体育交流具有广阔的发展前景. 相似文献
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M. H. Slaughter T. G. Lohman J. E. Misner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):159-168
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of somatotype, body composition, and physical performance in 7- through 12-year-old boys. Two objective methods of measuring somatotype, Sheldon's trunk index method and Heath–Carter's anthropometric method, were used. Body composition was estimated as fat and lean body mass from 40K measurement, using a whole-body counter, and from two skinfold thickness measures. Physical performance measures consisted of three tests of running (mile run, 600-yd run and 50-yd dash) and two tests of jumping (standing broad jump and vertical jump). In general, somatotype components had lower correlations with running and jumping variables than did body composition or body size variables such as height, weight, and percent fat. Heath and Carter's third component, derived from the inverse ponderal index, correlated more closely with performance scores than did other components of somatotype. Somatotype components in combination with each other and with body size and body composition variables in a multiple regression analysis indicated little association with running performance, but some association with jumping. Mesomorphy and second component were the least significant somatotype components, as indicated by the standardized regression coefficients. 相似文献
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Grant M. Tinsley 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1235-1240
Two research groups recently produced equations for estimation of body volume from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. These body volume estimates can be used for body composition evaluation in modified 4-compartment models. In the present analysis, the reliability of body volume calculations, as well as their usage in 4-compartment models, was explored while employing precise scheduling of assessments and dietary standardization. Forty-eight recreationally active males and females completed two pairs of identical assessments, which included a DXA scan and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Each assessment within a pair was separated by 24 hours, during which participants were provided a standardized diet. Body volume and 4-compartment equations were applied to the data, and metrics of reliability and agreement were calculated for body volume and 4-compartment components. While both body volume equations demonstrated excellent reliability individually, substantial disagreement between equations was present when utilized in 4-compartment equations. The magnitude of this disagreement was 4.3 kg for lean mass and fat mass and 6.9% for body fat percentage. At present, the large discrepancies in body composition components when using existing body volume equations preclude their interchangeability and demonstrate the need for continued exploration of the utility of body volume estimates. 相似文献
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不同项目女子优秀运动员身体成份的实验研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
段文杰 《西安体育学院学报》2004,21(6):63-64,77
通过对赛艇、短跑及艺术体操女子优秀运动员身体成份的实验研究,结果表明:不同项目运动员体液指数与遗传及运动训练有关,体液指数可作为评价运动效果和运动选材的参考指标;艺术体操运动员肌肉含量及蛋白质含量相对较小,但无机质含量及体脂比率较高。 相似文献
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不同运动专项男大学生身体成分的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用文献资料法、测试法和数理统计法,对哈尔滨体育学院运动训练专业7个不同专项的男大学生运动员身体成分进行测试,比较分析不同专项大学生运动员的身体成分特点及差异。结果显示：体液成分中体液指数中长跑专项最高,游泳最低,细胞内液指数健美操最高,中长跑最低,细胞外液指数则正好相反;非体液成分中脂肪含量以游泳专项最高,中长跑最低,而瘦体重、肌肉、蛋白质、无机物含量以中长跑专项最高,游泳最低。得出不同专项大学生运动员身体成分存在差异,这种差异主要与专项技术特征、训练内容以及运动员身体机能代谢对长期系统专项训练的适应性有关。 相似文献
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通过实验对俱乐部部分持续参加一年以上有氧健身操运动和偶尔参加运动的中年女性进行体成分、肌力和机能的测试，实验结果显示：长期参加健身健美操运动可使体脂百分比下降、肌力增强、心肺功能提高，对预防心血管系统疾病、骨质疏松症，提高身体机能、身心健康具有重要作用。 相似文献
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6～21岁学生体成分的性别特点与年龄规律 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用体阻抗法对6～21岁在校学生进行体成分测量，研究和探讨学生体成分的年龄和性别特点。不同性别16个年龄阶段的共计1034名在校学生参加测试。研究结果发现，年龄和性别因素对体脂肪、无机盐、蛋白质与水分含量有明显影响；6～21岁阶段男、女学生体成分各项指标呈现典型的S型发育曲线特征；青春发育期后，男、女学生身体体成分开始出现明显性别差异。 相似文献
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We tested the hypothesis that the performance of rapid movements represents body size-independent indices of muscle power. Physical education students (n = 159) were tested on various vertical jump (jump height and average power calculated from the ground reaction force) and muscle strength tests. When non-normalized data were used, a principal components analysis revealed a complex and inconsistent structure where jump height and muscle power loaded different components, while muscle strength and power partially overlapped. When the indices of muscle strength and power were properly normalized for body size, a simple and consistent structure of principal components supported the hypothesis. Specifically, the recorded height and muscle power calculated from the same jumps loaded the same components, separately for the jumps predominantly based on concentric actions and jumps based on a rapid stretch--shortening cycle of the leg extensors. The finding that the performance of rapid movements assesses the same physical ability as properly normalized tests of muscle power could be important for designing and interpreting the results of batteries of physical performance tests, as well as for understanding some basic principles of human movement performance. 相似文献
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Cattrysse E Zinzen E Caboor D Duquet W Van Roy P Clarys JP 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(9):717-723
In a group of 699 Belgian nursing professionals, we estimated body composition using the four-component anthropometric model, relying on the equations originally formulated by Matiegka in 1921 and later revised by Drinkwater and colleagues. We estimated muscle mass using the more recent formula proposed by Martin and co-workers. A discrepancy was noted between estimated total body mass and 'assessed' mass, suggesting erroneous estimations of the components. 相似文献