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1.
中国体育用品制造业产业集聚程度变动趋势的定量研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
基于市场行业集中度指标(CRn)与产业空间集聚指数(β),对中国7大类体育用品制造行业2002-2007年的产业集聚水平进行测定及动态分析.结果表明:2002-2007年我国7大类体育用品制造行业的产品销售收入排名前6位的省(市)主要是广东、江苏、山东、浙江、福建和上海,该6个地区均隶属东部,中、两部则榜上无名,说明中国体育用品制造业产业集聚程度的区域差异非常明显.2002-2007年我国体育用品制造业、球类制造业、训练健身器材制造业、运动防护用具制造业、文教体育用品制造业与其他体育用品制造业的产业空间集聚指数均呈增长趋势,而体育器材及配件制造业的产业空间集聚指数却呈下降趋势.按其增幅大小顺序依次为:运动防护用具制造业>文教体育用品制造业>球类制造业>体育用品制造业>其他体育用品制造业>训练健身器材制造业.2007年运动防护用具制造业、球类制造业和其他体育用品制造业的产业空间集聚指数分别位居前三甲(β>0.1),其余4大类体育用品制造行业也均大于0.05,产业空间集聚指数位于0.05及以下的体育用品制造行业则为无,表明我国区域体育用品制造行业的空间集聚程度已非常显著.同时,就国内7大类体育用品制造行业的产业空间集聚指数与工业生产总值展开相关分析发现,中国工业总产值和体育用品制造业空间集聚程度存在较高的正相关关系.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

The concept of women engaging in physical recreation was anathema to late nineteenth-century Mexican society. While underlying scepticism continued throughout the decades that followed, post-Revolutionary reforms provided a surprisingly open arena within which both men and women could practice sport. We analyze how the issue of gender influenced these reforms and the degree to which this affected popular participation in sports. Identifying media coverage as a barometer of broader society’s perceptions of female sporting activity, we consider the salient trends in the Mexican press, how these changed over time, and the ways in which female journalists approached women’s sport. Our findings suggest the need for caution in leaping to gender-based assumptions and provide evidence that, in some respects, male journalists became more enlightened than their female counterparts in confronting underlying prejudices.  相似文献   

3.
《Sport in History》2013,33(4):601-622
When Sweden played host to the Equestrian competitions of the 1956 Olympics, social issues of class and gender were publicly discussed and challenged. Indeed, equestrian sports by their very nature and history drew attention to the changing social order of sports (and society at large) during the 1950s. It will be shown that there were a range of quite ambivalent responses to working class men and to women during this time in Sweden. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that the relationship between these social issues and horse riding was challenged and revised during this time and that the 1950s can be seen as a turning point for the social order of sports. Equestrian sports provide a fascinating case study due firstly to a number of specific contextual features that will be explained, and secondly because they were among the first sports in Sweden to face challenges to traditional social structures.  相似文献   

4.
Despite an acknowledgement that, historically, the relationship between horse racing, women and fashion was important, existing literature provides little detail on the actual clothes that women wore as racegoers. The aim of this article is to add missing depth on the clothing of fashionable women at horse races, focusing on the United States during the inter-war period. In so doing, the discussion extends understandings of the history, and the material culture, of sporting spectatorship more generally. The article also introduces original work on the male spectator and his racegoing wardrobe. Climatic considerations to do with dressing appropriately for the great outdoors are discussed along with other influential factors on spectator dress such as contemporary fashion journalism and photography. The industry supplying fashion consumers was in transition at this time also and New York acquired prominence as a centre for a new mode of sporty, all-American fashion that was termed ‘sportswear’. As well as dealing with the clothes and the individuals who wore them, then, the article tells the story of the broader socio-economic conditions of American fashion, sport and sportswear that formed – and informed – their wearing.  相似文献   

5.
While the traditional equestrian disciplines of dressage and show jumping are losing members, other equestrian sports have become established in Germany and are enjoying increasing popularity. This empirical study examines the background behind this trend. A total of 1,814 horse riders were asked about their motives for riding. By applying factor and cluster analysis, a typology of riders was developed in order to reveal differences in motives between these groups. The performance-orientated riders are more represented in the classic equestrian disciplines, while the newer equestrian disciplines are mostly dominated by motives of pleasure. Overall, there is a clear trend towards more relaxation, recreation and self-fulfillment in equestrian sports. The desire to achieve success and to compete with others in one’s leisure time only remains important for a small proportion of riders. Therefore, riding clubs must try to balance the demands of performance-oriented and leisure riders and apply target group marketing to expand and to secure their member base.  相似文献   

6.
《Sport Management Review》2017,20(5):455-467
Given the recent economic crisis and the risen poverty rates, sports managers need to get insight in the effect of income and other socio-economic determinants on the household time and money that is spent on sports participation. By means of a Tobit regression, this study analyses the magnitude of the income effect for the thirteen most practiced sports by households in Flanders (the Dutch speaking part of Belgium), which are soccer, swimming, dance, cycling, running, fitness, tennis, horse riding, winter sports, martial arts, volleyball, walking and basketball. The results demonstrate that income has a positive effect on both time and money expenditure on sports participation, although differences are found between the 13 sports activities. For example, the effect of income on time and money expenditure is relatively high for sports activities like running and winter sports, while it is lower for other sports such as fitness, horse riding, walking and swimming. Commercial enterprises can use the results of this study to identify which sports to focus on, and how they will organise their segmentation process. For government, the results demonstrate which barriers prevent people from taking part in specific sports activities, based upon which they should evaluate their policy decisions.  相似文献   

7.
This paper examines the intellectual debates generated by the growth of female sporting practices that occurred in Argentina between 1900 and 1946. In encouraging sporting activities as a key to perfecting the body and improving the mind, different medical, sporting, and physical education experts articulated a strongly gendered discourse. Controlled and rational sports were promoted as eugenic practices that enhanced women's childbearing capacity and improved their mothering abilities. By examining the opinions of experts about the impact of sport on the different stages in the female life cycle, this paper evaluates acceptable and objectionable physical practices and shows how these were related to social constructions of gender. As sporting practices became increasingly popular in the 1930s and 1940s, the difficulties in controlling them became more apparent, leading to concerns about their relationship to the declining birth rate, the apparent moral decline of the population, and the changes in social customs. As experts debated the implications of these changes, a new understanding of womanhood began to emerge.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

The article is a heartfelt plea to both Western and Eastern European sports historians to take full account of the rich sporting history of the eastern part of the continent of Europe. After describing how most of Eastern Europe fell under the domination of foreign empires, and how this lead to a disparaging attitude towards its peoples and cultures, the author specifically details how Western authors of both general cultural histories and sporting histories and encyclopaedias have ignored Eastern Europe to a quite astonishing extent. The author then goes on to argue that Eastern Europe has a sporting tradition which is at least as rich, if not richer than that of the West. To illustrate this, the phenomena of medieval Polish horse racing, Bulgarian dry wrestling, Russian folk pugilism, Polish religious games, and Asian-influenced archery are explained in some detail. It is hoped that these examples will inspire sports historians from all parts of Europe to tap the rich resources of the East, and to treat this part of Europe as central rather than peripheral to European cultural history.  相似文献   

9.
NIKE是全球著名的体育用品品牌,中文译为耐克。该公司生产的体育用品包罗万象：服装,鞋类,运动器材等等。1963年,俄勒冈大学毕业生比尔.鲍尔曼和校友菲尔.奈特共同创立了一家名为＂蓝带体育用品公司＂（Blue Ribbon Sports）的公司,主营体育用品。1972年,蓝带公司更名为耐克公司,从此开始缔造属于自己的传奇。30年来NIKE从一个名不见经传的小公司逐步成为世界上最大的体育用品公司,其发展策略和公司经营理念值得我们深入探究。NBA——当代体育领域中体育比赛与商业化运作成功结合的一个最典型的例子。1946年至今,美国的全球篮球联合会（NBA）已经走过了60个年头。在这60年中,NBA从一个连电视转播都没有的国内联赛,变成世界上最成功的竞技体育联赛之一,其采用的商业经营模式值得我国竞技体育借鉴。  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

Although breast pain is problematic for many active women, no published research has investigated breast pain experienced by elite female athletes. This study aimed to examine the extent that mastalgia and exercise-induced breast pain affected the sporting performance of elite female athletes during training and competition. A custom-designed online survey with questions related to sport participation, as well as the frequency, severity and perceived performance effects of mastalgia and exercise-induced breast pain, was distributed to sporting organisations, coaches, medical staff and teams/clubs throughout Australia. Five hundred and forty female athletes competing nationally or internationally across 49 different sports participated in the survey. Sixty-three percent of respondents reported experiencing breast pain associated with their menstrual cycle and 33% reported that this pain worsened during activity. Forty-four percent of athletes reported experiencing exercise-induced breast pain during training or competition. Both types of breast pain were also reported to negatively affect sporting performance (20% and 32%, respectively). Mastalgia associated with the menstrual cycle and exercise-induced breast pain should be acknowledged as potential problems affecting the sporting performance of elite female athletes. Awareness around the impact of breast pain and the development and implementation of breast pain management strategies are essential for this population.  相似文献   

11.
陆星辰  张洁 《体育科研》2020,(5):95-100
紧身服装目前已成为多数运动项目尤其是自行车项目中运动者常用的运动装备。紧身服装能够通过改善运动中的静脉回流、骨骼肌能量代谢以及减少运动过程中的肌肉振动来达到提升运动能力的效果。但普通的紧身服装不能对训练有素的运动员产生有效刺激，紧身服装压力过小不能有效改善运动能力，压力过大则会影响皮下组织中的血液流动。因此，从紧身服装影响运动能力的机制，紧身服装松紧度对运动能力的影响等方面进行论述，发现目前研究者对紧身服装提高运动能力进而改善运动员骑行效果的合适压力范围尚存争议，今后的研究要对合适的压力范围加以明确。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

An Australian analysis of global sporting megatrends has noted the rise in prominence of action sports. Over the past few decades, action sports have continued to evolve and fragment. Changes in the high-performance sector have been particularly evident through the highly visible inclusion of action sports such as BMX, snowboarding, surfing, skateboarding and sports climbing in the Olympic Games. However, while there has been a swift rise in the prominence and position of action sports globally, relatively little is known about the impact of the shifting formalization and professionalization of these sports and their participants. Focussing on the Australian context, this article seeks to capture and critique the professional development of coaches and athletes, while drawing on examples from BMX, surfing and skateboarding. Further, implications of funding, research and new media technologies on the knowledge, expertise and credentials of elite action sports participants are discussed. Findings of the systematic analysis suggest that there are differing opportunities for professionalization of action sports both nationally and internationally, with the subsequent recommendation being that sporting organizations join forces to support the advancement of athletes and coaches.  相似文献   

13.
Sports participation often requires the use of specialist equipment and for many sport tourists this is transported to the destination to aid convenience and enjoyment of participation. Yet, to date, there has been little consideration of the influence that travelling with sporting equipment can have on the trip decision-making process. This paper focuses on golf tourism, said to be the largest sector of the sports tourism market and examines the influence that travelling with golf equipment has on aspects of the trip such as travel mode and opportunities for participation. Based on a longitudinal-grounded theory study, this paper concludes that packing sporting equipment can stimulate negotiations associated with participation. Furthermore, the nature of the sporting equipment to be carried can determine the choices made regarding the travel modes used to reach and move around holiday destinations and thus directly influence the trip decision-making process.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

In this article, we study the evolution of competitive sport and sporting recreations in medieval Córdoba, from the Umayyad Muslims (756–1236) to the Christians (since 1236). In this diachronic study, firstly we compare the competitive sport and sporting recreations of the Muslim East (especially those of the Abbasid period) with those of Muslim Córdoba, in order to know the level of Arabization of those practices in Córdoba, and if competitive sport is more predominant than recreations or vice versa. Secondly, we study if competitive sport and sporting recreations had the same presence in Muslim Córdoba and Christian Córdoba (or if one predominated over the other), and the possible reasons for it. We conclude: (1) that in Muslim Córdoba, sporting recreations were more important than competitive sport, unlike what happened in the great Muslim cities of the East; (2) Arabization is almost total regarding the types of sport and recreations implanted in Córdoba but low regarding horse sports and the importance of competitive sport; and (3) that Christian Córdoba shows a very different character, since competitive sport is very important (largely because by that time Córdoba had become a frontier city).  相似文献   

15.
运用Soopat网站专利检索系统检索1985-2016年我国授权的体育用品制造业发明专利,从专利维持时间、不同维持时间段终止专利数量和有效专利数量分布等视角对中国授权的体育用品制造业及所属球类制造业、体育器材及配件制造业、训练健身器材制造业、运动防护用具制造业、其他体育用品制造业有效专利和终止专利分别进行研究。结果表明：体育用品制造整体产业有效专利存量较大,专利运用活动活跃;体育器材及配件制造业专利有效率最低,该领域技术壁垒相对较弱;球类制造业与训练健身器材制造业有效专利发挥潜在价值的剩余寿命较长;运动防护用具制造业终止专利中高质量专利比重相对较高,其他体育用品制造业专利整体质量高。  相似文献   

16.
The participation of women in sport is significant to socio-economic empowerment in any country. Evidence reveal that although South Asian female athletes are capable of winning medals in the Olympics, a very low percentage of the South Asian female population ever participate actively in sport. The status and circumstances to participate in sport are restricted for many female athletes in South Asia. This paper examined the main factors that influence women's sporting participation in South Asian countries. Data were analysed by using documentary analysis method. This paper analysed a combination of concepts addressing women and sport in South Asia in two ways. Firstly, it emphasises the issues and patterns of women's participation in sport in South Asian countries after the independence from the British Empire. Secondly, it highlights the benefits to South Asian societies of women's participation in sport, but argues why South Asian women are trivialised in sports participation. Results revealed the inequalities and discrimination that constrain women from participating in the South Asian sports sector as personal, social and cultural barriers. Possible solutions are provided to reduce these factors to encourage South Asian women's participation in sport. Success and the implications of South Asian governments’ interventions on women and sport are also discussed. Results of this study revealed the inequalities and discrimination that constrain women from participating in the South Asian sports sector is continuing.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

This paper analyses the social construction of heterosexuality and the existence of heterosexism and homophobia within physical education and sport and the impact that they have had on the participation of women and girls in sport. In order to illustrate some of these issues specific attention is directed towards recent research that has explored both the educative and sporting lives of lesbian physical education teachers in England. Further, the paper focuses on those (few) sporting dykes who have dared to come out to play. In so doing reference is made to the lives of ‘girl jocks’, both in individual and team sports and to those sporting arenas where lesbians have been free(r) to play. The paper concludes by offering strategies to not only reclaim sport but to transform it so that just and equitable participation for all might be realised.

  相似文献   

18.
唐代马球运动的兴起与规则要求   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
马球是骑马技术和击球技术紧密结合的一项运动。唐代马球兴起于唐太宗时期,马球运动不仅是训练骑术和马上砍杀技术的重要手段,也是一种很好的娱乐运动。由于唐朝皇帝的倡导,马球运动在军中将士、王公贵族乃至文人中深受欢迎,唐代的马球场与马球比赛规则也都有一套严格的规定。  相似文献   

19.
自2004年以来国内外人类学、体育学界研究者通过研究发现,参赛运动员（队）服装的颜色对体育比赛结果有影响,颜色对比赛结果的影响研究呈如下趋势：在个人项目和集体项目比赛中,当双方实力相当时,穿红色服装的运动员和运动队会赢,选手都没有穿红色比赛制服而是穿蓝色或白色,穿蓝色服装的运动员和运动队会赢。颜色对比赛结果的影响机制主要有,不同颜色比赛服装具有其特殊的内隐性;比赛服装颜色会引起植物神经内稳态偏离;不同颜色队服具有不同的视觉属性;不同颜色队服影响队员情绪体验的积极性。  相似文献   

20.
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