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1.
Abstract In ice hockey, skating performance depends on the skill and physical conditioning of the players and on the characteristics of their equipment. CT Edge have recently designed a new skate blade that angles outward near the bottom of the blade. The objective of this study was to compare the frictional characteristics of three CT Edge blades (with blade angles of 4°, 6°, and 8°, respectively) with the frictional characteristics of a standard skate blade. The friction coefficients of the blades were determined by measuring the deceleration of an aluminium test sled equipped with three test blades. The measurements were conducted with an initial sled speed of 1.8 m · s?1 and with a load of 53 kg on each blade. The friction coefficient of the standard blades was 0.0071 (s=0.0005). For the CT Edge blades with blade angles of 4°, 6°, and 8°, friction coefficients were lower by about 13%, 21%, and 22%, respectively. Furthermore, the friction coefficients decreased with increasing load. The results of this study show that widely accepted paradigms such as “thinner blades cause less friction” need to be revisited. New blade designs might also be able to reduce friction in speed skating, figure skating, bobsledding, and luge. 相似文献
2.
The FAST 2.0i numerical model of ice friction was developed for an inclined speed skate blade. It describes ice friction at sliding velocities sufficiently high to produce a lubricating layer of meltwater, which completely separates the ice and slider surfaces (known as the hydrodynamic friction regime). Friction arises from ploughing a groove in the ice and from the shear stress in the lubricating Couette flow. The model takes into account frictional melting, heat conduction into the ice and the lateral squeeze flow of the lubricating liquid. We use the numerical model to calculate the ice–blade contacts, the parameters of the lubricating liquid layer, and the relative importance of the various contributions to the overall friction coefficient. We also use it to perform sensitivity studies and to predict the variation of ice friction during a typical skating stroke. The model results compare favorably with measurements of the ice friction coefficient during speed skating, made by others. 相似文献
3.
4.
When sharpening ice hockey blades a hollow is created at the running surface of the blade. This study aimed to quantify the effect of different blade hollows on (a) blade–ice friction, (b) skating performance in an agility course, and (c) players’ perception of blade sharpness, performance, and comfort. Friction was quantified by measuring the deceleration of a sled running on the blades. Skating performance was tested with 15 volunteers performing a total of 9 trials on 3 different hollow radii. Perception was assessed using a questionnaire. Friction increased with decreasing hollow radius. Skating performance was significantly impeded at a hollow radius of 3.18 mm. Within the range of 9.53–22.23 mm performance differences were subject specific and several subjects showed no differences. Players appeared to be not sensitive enough to identify hollow radii, and only half of the subjects ranked their performance correctly. 相似文献
5.
冰刀结构、冰刀研磨、运动服装等非运动员主体条件的技术创新不仅丰富了速度滑冰训练理论的完善,对速度滑冰技术的改进亦起到决定性作用。短道速滑运动员使用槽刃冰刀可以增大运动员弯道滑行时法线方向冰刀与冰面之间的斜面的支撑力,可以让运动员把身体向圆心方向倾斜的程度加大、产生更大的向心力,以更快的速度滑过弯道。在4轴联动数控磨床基础上设计一台专门加工短道速滑冰刀槽刃的自动磨刀机,技术关键是将冰刀刀片与砂轮轴布置在同一水平面上、使用单斜边砂轮,这样才可以为短道速滑冰刀磨出槽刃。短道速滑冰刀槽刃数控自动磨刀机还包括工件夹具、电源、数控装置、辅助装置等其他功能组件。 相似文献
6.
This work uses numerical methods to investigate the feasibility of modifying an instrument used in speed skating to analyze
blades from four different ice sports. The instrument, a handheld rocker gauge, is adapted to create a device that can effectively
profile other types of skate blades and bobsleigh runners. Since there are significant differences between short and long-track
blades one could expect a difference in the gauges used to study these blades. Despite this expectation, the same gauge is
used in both disciplines. The usefulness of these gauges has been proven in speed skating so it is expected that they should
also be useful to study hockey blades and bobsleigh runners. To optimize the gauge size for different blade types we digitize
the profile of a blade, which we use to simulate gauge data. Then we use that gauge data to reconstruct the profile and compare
it to the original digital profile. The result is compared for various gauge sizes and the gauge size is optimized for each
of the four disciplines. The only commercially available device seems optimal for bobsleigh and long track speed skating.
Smaller gauges are recommended for analyzing short track speed skates and hockey skates.
相似文献
| Louis PoirierEmail: |
7.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the fluid dynamic characteristics of the two most commonly used oar blades: the Big Blade and the Macon. Scaled models of each blade, as well as a flat Big Blade, were tested in a water flume using a quasi-static method similar to that used in swimming and kayaking research. Measurement of the normal and tangential blade forces enabled lift and drag forces generated by the oar blades to be calculated over the full range of sweep angles observed during a rowing stroke. Lift and drag force coefficients were then calculated and compared between blades. The results showed that the Big Blade and Macon oar blades exhibited very similar characteristics. Hydraulic blade efficiency was not therefore found to be the reason for claims that the Big Blade could elicit a 2% improvement in performance over the Macon. The Big Blade was also shown to have similar characteristics to the flat plate when the angle of attack was below 90 degrees , despite significant increases in the lift coefficient when the angle of attack increased above 90 degrees . This result suggests that the Big Blade design may not be completely optimized over the whole stroke. 相似文献
8.
离合式轮滑鞋替代固定式轮滑鞋的可能性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
克莱普式冰刀已被证实可以大幅度提高速滑成绩,很多人已经在考虑另一个相关问题:与冰上速滑(简称速滑)相似的一项运动——速度轮滑(简称轮滑)是否也可以通过“克莱普式原理”来提高成绩?从一些报道看,某些尝试使用“克式鞋”的选手并没有提高速度,甚至还有下降。是技术问题,还是“克莱普式原理”不适用于“陆地项目”?“克式鞋”是否具有取代固定式轮滑鞋的可能?通过理论分析,认为克莱普式结构没有应用于轮滑的可能。 相似文献
9.
Eline van der Kruk Marco M. Reijne Bjorn de Laat DirkJan Veeger 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(5):527-538
This study performed an analysis of the push-off forces of elite-short-track speed skaters using a new designed instrumented short-track speed skate with the aim to improve short-track skating performance. Four different skating strokes were distinguished for short-track speed skaters at speed. The strokes differed in stroke time, force level in both normal and lateral directions, and the centre of pressure (COP) on the blade. Within the homogeneous group of male elite speed skaters (N = 6), diversity of execution of the force patterns in the four phases of skating was evident, while skating at the same velocities. The male participants (N = 6) with a better personal record (PR) kept the COP more to the rear of their blades while hanging into the curve (r = 0.82, p < 0.05), leaving the curve (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), and entering the straight (r = 0.76, p < 0.10). Furthermore, the male skaters with a better PR showed a trend of a lower lateral peak force while entering the curve (r = 0.74, p < 0.10). Females showed a trend towards applying higher body weight normalised lateral forces than the males, while skating at imposed lower velocities. 相似文献
10.
E. van der Kruk O. den Braver A. L. Schwab F. C. T. van der Helm H. E. J. Veeger 《Sports Engineering》2016,19(4):273-281
In the current project, we aim to provide speed skaters with real-time feedback on how to improve their skating performance within an individual stroke. The elite skaters and their coaches wish for a system that determines the mechanical power per stroke. The push-off force of the skater is a crucial variable in this power determination. In this study, we present the construction and calibration of a pair of wireless instrumented klapskates that can continuously and synchronously measure this push-off force in both the lateral direction and normal direction of the skate and the centre of pressure of these forces. The skate consists of a newly designed rigid bridge (0.6 kg), embedding two three-dimensional force sensors (Kistler 9602, Kistler Group, Winterthur, Switzerland), which fits between most individual skate shoes and Maple skate blades. The instrumented klapskates were calibrated on a tensile testing machine, where they proved to be unaffected to temperature conditions and accurate up to an RMS of 42 N (SEM = 1 N) in normal and up to an RMS of 27 N (SEM = 1 N) in lateral direction. Furthermore, the centre of pressure of these forces on the blade was determined up to a mean error of 10.1 mm (SD = 6.9 mm). On-ice measurements showed the possibility of recording with both skates simultaneously and synchronously, straights as well as curves. The option to send data wirelessly and real-time to other devices makes it possible to eventually provide skaters and coaches with visual real-time feedback during practice. 相似文献
11.
Fluid forces on kayak paddle blades of different design 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Three kayak paddle blades of different design (Conventional, Norwegian, Turbo) were tested in a low-speed wind tunnel at a
maximum chord Reynolds number of Re = 2.2–2.7 × 105 (corresponding to speed through water of ≈1 m/s). The mean drag force and side force acting on each blade were measured,
as the yaw and pitch angles were varied. The results were compared with those recorded for a finite rectangular flat plate
of similar area and aspect ratio. For zero pitch angle of the blades, the results indicate that the drag coefficient was mostly
independent of the blade design as the yaw angle was varied between ± 20°, with only the Norwegian blade design displaying
a marginally higher drag coefficient than either of the other two blades or the flat plate. Increasing the pitch angle to
30°, while maintaining the yaw angle at zero, resulted in a 23% reduction of the drag coefficient for the flat plate, but
only a 15% reduction of the drag coefficients for the three blades. For all designs, the drag coefficient reduction followed
a simple cosine relationship as the pitch angle or yaw angle was increased. The wind tunnel experiments revealed that the
side force coefficients for all three paddle blade designs were entirely independent of the blade design and were indistinguishable
from those recorded for a flat plate. In summary, the study showed that the nondimensional force coefficients are largely
independent of the paddle blade design. 相似文献
12.
P. Morrison D. J. Pearsall R. A. Turcotte K. Lockwood D. L. Montgomery 《Sports Engineering》2005,8(2):91-97
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of skate blade hollow on oxygen consumption during forward skating
on a treadmill. Varsity level female hockey players (n = 10, age = 21.7 years) performed skating tests at three blade hollows [0.25 in (6.35 mm), 0.50 in (12.7 mm), and 0.75 in
(19.05 mm)]. The subjects skated for four minutes at three submaximal velocities (12, 14 and 16 km h−1), separated by five minutes of passive recovery. In addition, a VO2max test was performed on the day that the subjects skated at the 0.50 in hollow. The VO2max test commenced at 14 km h−1 and increased by 1 km h−1 each minute until volitional exhaustion was achieved. Four variables were measured for each skating bout, volume of gas expired
(V
E), volume of oxygen consumed (VO
2), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in any of the four test variables (V
E, VO2, HR, RPE) across the three skate hollows. These results show that when skating on a treadmill at submaximal velocities, skate
blade hollow has no significant effect onV
E, VO2, HR or RPE. 相似文献
13.
The aim of the present study was to find a more optimal blade design for rowing performance than the Big Blade, which has been shown to be less than optimal for propulsion. As well as the Big Blade, a flat Big Blade, a flat rectangular blade, and a rectangular blade with the same curvature and projected area as the Big Blade were tested in a water flume to determine their fluid dynamic characteristics at the full range of angles at which the oar blade might present itself to the water. Similarities were observed between the flat Big Blade and rectangular blades. However, the curved rectangular blade generated significantly more lift in the angle range 0-90 degrees than the curved Big Blade, although it was similar between 90 and 180 degrees. This difference was attributed to the shape of the upper and lower edges of the blade and their influence on the fluid flow around the blade. Although the influence of oar blade design on boat speed was not investigated here, the significant increases in fluid force coefficients for the curved rectangular blade suggest that this new oar blade design could elicit a practically significant improvement in rowing performance. 相似文献
14.
速度滑冰、短道速滑项目的发展对运动员所具备的各项素质的要求越来越高,多年的少儿速滑、短道速滑运动员科学选材测试工作实践,为选拔优秀后备人才提供了大量参考依据。论述了少儿速滑、短道速滑运动员选材的重要性、选材的步骤和方法、选材的原则,分析了选材测试的形态、机能、素质、心理、技术等各项选材指标的测试结果,并进行了选材测试结果的评价与分析,及时发现和总结测试中存在的问题,提出相应的解决问题的对策,旨在探索科学选材的规律和方法。经试训预测判断选拔的队员是否真正适合速滑、短道速滑运动,经科学选材推荐的一些尖子运动员在各级教练指导下,陆续取得好成绩。 相似文献
15.
Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to examine the fluid dynamic characteristics of the two most commonly used oar blades: the Big Blade and the Macon. Scaled models of each blade, as well as a flat Big Blade, were tested in a water flume using a quasi-static method similar to that used in swimming and kayaking research. Measurement of the normal and tangential blade forces enabled lift and drag forces generated by the oar blades to be calculated over the full range of sweep angles observed during a rowing stroke. Lift and drag force coefficients were then calculated and compared between blades. The results showed that the Big Blade and Macon oar blades exhibited very similar characteristics. Hydraulic blade efficiency was not therefore found to be the reason for claims that the Big Blade could elicit a 2% improvement in performance over the Macon. The Big Blade was also shown to have similar characteristics to the flat plate when the angle of attack was below 90°, despite significant increases in the lift coefficient when the angle of attack increased above 90°. This result suggests that the Big Blade design may not be completely optimized over the whole stroke. 相似文献
16.
G. Wayne Marino 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):234-238
Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the techniques of ice skating acceleration through analysis of specific characteristics of the movement pattern during a “front start” skating task. Two Locam 16 mm cameras operating at 100 frames per second were used to record side and overhead views of the first 6.0m of the skating starts of 69 male subjects. Data were collected on three skating start criteria, three structural variables, and twelve performance variables measured over the first three strides of the start. Summary statistics were generated and Pearson product moment correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between the criteria and performance variables. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to predict time to skate 6.0m from a combination of the structural and performance variables. Results revealed that the mean time taken to skate 6.0m was 1.95 sec; the mean instantaneous velocity at the 6.0 mark was 5.75 m/s; and the mean average acceleration over 6.0m was 2.96m/s2. Evaluation of correlation coefficients, the regression model and summary statistics resulted in several conclusions: (1) There is a statistically significant positive relationship between velocity attained and the average rate of acceleration over a 6.0m distance in a front style skating start. (2) There are statistically significant negative relationships between both mean acceleration and final instantaneous velocity, and the time taken to skate 6.0m in a front style skating start. (3) In general, the stride pattern associated with a high rate of acceleration and a minimal skating time in a front style skating start includes: a high stride rate, significant forward lean at the point of touchdown of the recovery skate, short single support periods, and placement of the recovery foot below the hip of the recovery leg at the end of the single support period. 相似文献
17.
Xavier Robert-Lachaine René A. Turcotte Philippe C. Dixon David J. Pearsall 《Sports Engineering》2012,15(4):197-206
Dynamic forces and range of motion (ROM) were measured during on-ice skating using a standard hockey skate and a modified skate (MS) with an altered tendon guard and eyelet configuration. The objective of this study was to determine if these modifications resulted in biomechanical and performance changes during on-ice skating skills. The right skate of each type was instrumented with a calibrated strain gauge force transducer system to measure medial?Clateral and vertical forces during ice skating. In addition, a goniometer was placed about the ankle and rear foot to measure ROM during skating. Ten subjects executed three skills: forward skating, crossovers inside foot and crossovers outside foot. The MS demonstrated significant gains of 5°?C9° in dorsi-plantarflexion ROM (p?<?0.05). Total peak force occurred later during plantarflexion, suggesting a more prolonged and effective force generation with the MS during a given skating stride. A 14?C20?% increase (p?>?0.05) in mean work and power output was noted with the MS, although no improved times were observed during the skating skills. Potentially, some players may need a period of familiarization to take advantage of the design alterations of the MS. 相似文献
18.
进入20世纪,世界速度滑冰运动借助现代科学与技术方法,使运动水平不断提高,特别是KLAP冰刀的研究与应用推动了运动成绩的飞跃。随着速度滑冰成绩的不断提高,寻找速度滑冰冰刀新结构成了未来发展的趋势。通过新型KLAP速滑冰刀铰链结构进行分析研究,结合鞋垫式压力传感器测试分析,提出将新型冰刀铰链压力点后移并附有铰链过程蓄能、下刀有弹性缓冲的新型结构的速滑冰刀铰链结构设计。寻找运动员在运动过程中冰刀铰链结构的力学机理,发现不足并进行改进,已达到探索冰刀结构技术潜能的目的。 相似文献
19.
目的,为了我国运动员在今后的冬奥会上有所新突破,提出一种新型速滑冰刀连接装置.方法与内容,利用文献资料法、对比分析法和试验分析法,分析了Clap式速滑冰刀结构特点与不足,以及速滑冰刀结构相关研究进程,并在论述跖屈型新冰刀研究情况基础上,提出对屈趾型速滑冰刀的改进.结果,通过对国内外研究成果进行了结构力学和生物力学的对比,提出了符合速滑冰刀结构特点和符合人体生物力学特点的一种短臂铰链与钢片软桥的屈趾型速滑冰刀连接装置.结论,这种新型速滑冰刀连接装置结构,有助于脚部跖趾关节发挥生理性功能,使冰刀与冰鞋的固定更加牢靠.将有可能提高速滑成绩. 相似文献
20.
Lafontaine D 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(3):391-406
Little biomechanical research has been conducted recently on hockey skating despite the sport's worldwide appeal. One reason for this lack of biomechanical knowledge stems from the difficulty of collecting data. The lack of accuracy, the disputable realism of treadmills, and the large field of view required are some of the technical challenges that have to be overcome. The main objective of the current study was to improve our knowledge of the joint kinematics during the skating stroke. A second objective was to improve the data collection system we developed and the third was to establish if a kinematic progression exists in the hockey skating stroke similar to that in speed skating. Relative motions at the knee and ankle joints were computed using a joint coordinate system approach. The differences at the knee joints in push-offs indicated that the skating skill was progressively changing with each push-off. The relative stability of the ankle angles can be attributed to the design of the skate boots, which have recently become very rigid. Further research on ice hockey skating is warranted and should include more skaters and investigate the effect various starting strategies and variations in equipment have on skaters' performance. 相似文献