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1.
T. de Heer 《Information processing & management》1982,18(5):229-236
The success of information retrieval depends on the ability to measure the effective relationship between a query and its response. If both are posed in natural language, one might expect that understanding the meaning of that language could not be avoided. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that it is perhaps unnecessary to be able to determine the meaning in the absolute sense; it may be sufficient to measure how far there is a conformity in meaning, and then only in the context of the set of documents in which the answer to a query is sought. Handling a particular language using a computer is made possible through replacing certain texts by special sets. A given text has a ‘syntactic trace’, the set of all the overlapping trigrams forming part of the text. When determining the effective relationship between a query and its answer, not only do their syntactic traces play a role, but so do the traces of all other documents in the set. This is known as the ‘information trace method’. 相似文献
2.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):23-40
Much of the Knowledge Management (KM) literature assumes that all relevant knowledge can be represented as information and 'managed'. But the meaning of information is always context-specific and open to subsequent reinterpretation. Moving over time or between contexts affords scope for new meanings to emerge. Making sense of information signals (speech, body language, tone-of-voice or whatever)--Aand the absence of such signals--Ainvolves dimensions of individual and collective tacit knowledge that are frequently misrepresented or ignored in mainstream KM. By relating power and knowledge to 'rules of the game', it is possible to consider how the contexts in which information is rendered meaningful are bounded, as well as crucially related in the stretch between macro-level processes and micro-level practices. In the knowledge debate, Japan stands as a counterfactual to Anglo-Saxon expectations about formal rules, liberal individualism and market-rational entrepreneurship. While seminal accounts of knowledge creation in Japanese companies impelled the West towards KM, there has been no corresponding KM-boom in Japan. Our interpretation of the processes by which Japanese and Anglo-Saxon practices are situated suggests that KM is limited by the separation of knowledge from power and information from meaning. 相似文献
3.
＂脱离源语语言外壳＂自上世纪80年代由法国释意派提出后就不断遭到质疑与抨击,反对者多认为语言是意义的唯一载体,脱离了源语语言的意义将无从依附。然而,释意派对口译理论与教学的贡献却是不可否认的。本文试从认知心理学科的角度,在结合交替传译特点的基础上,通过剖析其源语理解和信息记忆这两个机制,从微观的层面上来论证＂脱离源语语言外壳＂在交传中的合理性,指出其存在的认知心理依据。 相似文献
4.
《Information processing & management》2022,59(1):102756
An idiom is a common phrase that means something other than its literal meaning. Detecting idioms automatically is a serious challenge in natural language processing (NLP) domain applications like information retrieval (IR), machine translation and chatbot. Automatic detection of Idioms plays an important role in all these applications. A fundamental NLP task is text classification, which categorizes text into structured categories known as text labeling or categorization. This paper deals with idiom identification as a text classification task. Pre-trained deep learning models have been used for several text classification tasks; though models like BERT and RoBERTa have not been exclusively used for idiom and literal classification. We propose a predictive ensemble model to classify idioms and literals using BERT and RoBERTa, fine-tuned with the TroFi dataset. The model is tested with a newly created in house dataset of idioms and literal expressions, numbering 1470 in all, and annotated by domain experts. Our model outperforms the baseline models in terms of the metrics considered, such as F-score and accuracy, with a 2% improvement in accuracy. 相似文献
5.
汉语中有很多一词多义的情况,它使语言的表达丰富多彩,能更好地满足交际的需要。词义引申是形成一词多义的根本原因。词的引申义是指词义发展过程中由本义通过多种方式派生出来的意义。引申义和本义间有各种联系方式,归纳起来主要有相似引申、相关引申、相因引申。 相似文献
6.
Ontology及其在信息检索中的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究和探讨了Ontology的定义和内涵，介绍了Ontology的创建方法、Ontology描述语言以及Ontology的编辑工具，探讨了Ontology在信息检索过程中的作用机理。 相似文献
7.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(3):102183
Semantic representation reflects the meaning of the text as it may be understood by humans. Thus, it contributes to facilitating various automated language processing applications. Although semantic representation is very useful for several applications, a few models were proposed for the Arabic language. In that context, this paper proposes a graph-based semantic representation model for Arabic text. The proposed model aims to extract the semantic relations between Arabic words. Several tools and concepts have been employed such as dependency relations, part-of-speech tags, name entities, patterns, and Arabic language predefined linguistic rules. The core idea of the proposed model is to represent the meaning of Arabic sentences as a rooted acyclic graph. Textual entailment recognition challenge is considered in order to evaluate the ability of the proposed model to enhance other Arabic NLP applications. The experiments have been conducted using a benchmark Arabic textual entailment dataset, namely, ArbTED. The results proved that the proposed graph-based model is able to enhance the performance of the textual entailment recognition task in comparison to other baseline models. On average, the proposed model achieved 8.6%, 30.2%, 5.3% and 16.2% improvement in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F-score results, respectively. 相似文献
8.
运用语言进行书面或口头表达时,名词项完全具备的形式或单个词的形式,称之为句子。句子是由词汇按照一定的语法、语义搭配在特定的情境中所表现出的一种序列组合,在理解句子时,须逐一对这些要素进行分析,各个击破,综合考虑,才能达到最佳效果。本文先讨论句子的构筑,在此基础上分别从词汇、语序、语法、语义和语境几方面分析句子,使二外日语学习者能更好地理解日语句子。 相似文献
9.
文章以韩礼德功能语法中人际功能理论为理论框架,从语气、情态、人称代词和时态系统四个方面对希拉里的退选演讲进行人际意义的分析．旨在说明语言系统的选择和人际意义的实现这两者之间的关系。以揭示政治演讲语篇中实现人际意义的各种语言手段。 相似文献
10.
听力是获取语言信息和进行言语交际的主要形式。然而英语听力水平难以迅速提高一直是困扰中国学生的主要问题之一。在听力训练时,学生只注重对单个句子的理解,而语篇分析则重视对整体语篇的把握,使学生能准确抓住语篇的关键信息和中心思想。文章简单介绍了语篇分析理论的含义,认为在英语听力教学中运用语篇分析法,可以有效地改善听力教学方法,获得较好的教学效果以及更好地提高学生的听力理解能力。 相似文献
11.
This paper emphasizes the role of language in constructing knowledge. It considers the context-dependant nature of knowledge: how do people interpret the situation; what tasks have to be accomplished; which knowledge do they consider important; etc. Firstly, the paper outlines its assumptions on epistemological issues, that is the knowledge concept and the role of language and meaning in creating knowledge. Secondly, referring to discourse theory the paper sheds light on the use of language in varying social contexts, highlighting interactivity, context dependency, functional, and creative nature of language. Thirdly, for the purpose of illustration the theoretical findings on language and meaning in constructing knowledge will be applied to the case of the Challenger accident. 相似文献
12.
网络环境下人工语言与自然语言的融合研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文首先指出在网络环境下对人工语言与自然语言融合的研究是情报检索语言研究的主要内容 ,通过人工语言与自然语言在情报检索中的发展与运用的分析比较 ,明确了两者在情报信息的标引与检索中各有利弊 ,指出网络环境下人工语言与自然语言融合———优势互补的可行性、必然性与必要性。最后论述了如何实现网络环境下自然语言与人工语言融合。 相似文献
13.
词汇是所有语言技能的基石,是语言系统赖以生存的支柱。词汇的教学在大学英语教学中可谓是重中之重,然而,英语词汇学习的难点就在于学习者对单词词义的掌握,它又是语言理解和表达的基础。大学英语词汇教学既要解决学习者的词义理解问题,又要面对学习者语言背景知识不足的实际情况。本文提出在英语词汇教学中,利用语言的象似性,分别运用隐喻模式、激活扩散模式、文化认知模式、体验模式将词义讲解和背景分析两者统一起来,可以让学生更好地理解英语词汇一词多义现象、词类转化现象,在需要掌握大量词汇的要求下找到词义之间的内在紧密联系,这样也可以使其更牢固地记忆单词。 相似文献
14.
人工智能与人类智能本质上的不同在于对语义的理解上。人工智能尚不完全具备人类智能对语义理解的意向性或语义性,更欠缺人类理解语义时的思维推理能力。本文从讨论语义Web的运作机制入手,探讨其运作机制的认知语义学基础,旨在阐释人类对语义理解的认知过程,以期能将此认知过程应用到人工智能语义Web的运作设计中,最终使其更加具有人类的意向性。 相似文献
15.
翻译是跨文化交际的主要手段之一。翻译界也引进了西方语言学的分析方法,通过对语言的各个层面分析以及对语义的分析来确定译文的确切意义,并根据不同的情况转换成适合语境的目的语。一切有意义的学习必然包括迁移。迁移一般有正迁移和负迁移之分。正迁移是助长性的迁移,表现为一种知识、技能的掌握能促进另一种知识、技能的掌握;在翻译中注重方言的运用,可以使译文更加生动。 相似文献
16.
口译教学如果没有科学的理论作指导,就极易走入听力、口语训练或把笔译理论移植到口译表达的误区。释意理论强调“脱离源语语言外壳”后获取意义,注重对源语信息的整体把握和解释,为我们在实践及教学中遇到的由于受语言干扰而使口译举步维艰的困难提供了切实可行的解决办法。本文将探讨释意理论在源语信息整合中的重要作用,以期为口译教学带来一些启示。 相似文献
17.
随着网络技术的发展及高校科研人员信息素养的提高,传统图书馆的服务模式面临着挑战。以学科馆员为核心,面向某一学科的特色化信息服务正在兴起。本文从图书馆为高校科研提供学科化服务的意义入手,介绍了图书馆为科研提供的服务的主要类型及其发展方向。 相似文献
18.
幼儿绘画形式之美多表现于物的表象,而物的表象所传达的则是心中的情感和语意,即所谓＂诗情画意＂。诗（对儿童而言包括故事）中的情和意与画中的情和意是可以相通的,诗和画是可以互相转化的。所以,在幼儿绘画教学中,我将绘画和语言紧密结合起来,以期达到两者相辅相成的效果。 相似文献
19.
图书馆信息营销中的精品服务策略 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
精品服务策略在图书馆的利用使图书馆的读者服务工作深受读者的欢迎，如何利用精品服务策略指导图书馆信息营销工作的顺利开展，这是信息营销工作者必须思考的问题。本文在简要分析图书馆信息营销工作中实施精品服务策略的含义及优势的基础上，着重就图书馆信息营销中实施精品服务策略的主要措施进行探讨。 相似文献
20.
《International Journal of Information Management》2014,34(6):751-760
This paper will present new theoretical and applied solutions for intelligent data analysis and information management in the fields of cognitive economics. Intelligent data analysis and information management are performed by information systems called cognitive systems, dedicated for semantic interpretation of acquired business information. To interpret the meaning of the analysed data, complex linguistic algorithms must be used, based on which it is possible to find the core information elements for business processes forecasting and economical knowledge management. The presentation of selected methods of semantic data analysis in cognitive economy, which allow to perform both local and global information management forms the main subject of this paper. Here, semantic analysis methods are dedicated to cognitive economics problems, namely the interpretation, analysis and assessment of the meaning of selected sets of economic/financial ratios. The meaning of the interpreted data sets is assessed by analysing the layers of meaning contained in data analysed sets. Obtained semantic information may be used in future business processes evaluation and forecasting. 相似文献