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标准必要专利是新一代信息技术等技术密集型行业竞争的核心。标准必要专利的有效许可和实施是实现经济数字化转型升级的重要驱动力。虽然国际标准组织提出了以FRAND原则为核心的标准必要专利许可实施的国际规则治理体系，但在FRAND原则内涵模糊且无强制约束力的情形下，以标准必要专利许可费确定为核心的诉讼纠纷席卷全球。为探寻FRAND许可费确定的影响因素，本研究从专利价值评估理论及司法实践中寻找突破方式，对FRAND许可费确定的影响因素从专利价值确定的商业因素、技术因素和法律因素三个维度进行理论探讨，然后选取17个国内外典型案例进行实证研究，分析各因素的可行性及适用难点。研究发现：考量频率由高到低依次为：商业因素、技术因素、法律因素。商业因素中，可对比的许可是首选方式。技术因素中，专利对产品的技术贡献、专利对标准技术能力的贡献是次优方式，而专利胜过可替代技术的效用和优势、替代技术方案的实施成本因操作难度太高而缺乏参考意义。法律因素难以定量，故参考意义较小，但可为计算方法的选择、禁令救济的限制等提供参考。基于以上结论，本文为确定FRAND许可费提供了针对性建议。 相似文献
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我国专利许可市场中的主要障碍是难以确定合理的专利许可费.其中,影响专利许可费高低的诸多因素是专利许可谈判双方必须考量的一个关键环节.现有法律制度对专利许可费有所涉及,但对实践指导意义不大.本文以专利许可活动为中心,围绕专利法和合同法,对专利许可费影响因素做深度探讨,分析一般和特殊情形下专利许可费的取值范围,剖析专利许可费影响因素在法务中的表现,指出现有法律条款的不足,并最终提出相应的解决思路为我国专利许可事业献智献策. 相似文献
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为规制标准必要专利中的专利反向劫持(FRAND劫持),促进标准必要专利更好地运用于市场,从FRAND劫持的本质属性出发,探索其与普通专利侵权存在的不同之处,并考察美国、德国规制FRAND劫持的实践.研究认为,FRAND劫持本质上属于专利侵权行为,但是对其进行规制需要考虑标准的属性、专利权人作出的FRAND承诺等,再结合具体事实加以确定.对FRAND劫持的规制包括禁令救济和损害赔偿,其实施既要保护专利权人的合法利益,又要维护标准实施者和消费者的利益.借鉴国外经验,结合我国具体情况,提出在标准必要专利信息对称层面,建立、完善标准必要专利信息披露制度和标准必要专利许可使用费相对公开机制;在标准必要专利侵权救济层面,通过审查标准实施者是否恶意决定禁令的实施,采用技术分摊规则、比较许可协议等综合考量确定专利侵权损害赔偿. 相似文献
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专利权人在向标准组织申请将其专利写入标准时,通常需要披露专利并遵循"公平、合理和非歧视(FRAND)"许可原则,但是FRAND原则充满模糊性。如何理解和适用FRAND原则直接关系到技术标准的推广和创新的激励。以我国近期发生的4起标准必要专利案件为例,分析我国如何解释与适用FRAND原则,以明确我国对标准必要专利许可的专利政策。 相似文献
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专利挟持存在标准化前欺骗或不披露专利信息,标准化后索要许可费;标准化后不遵守FRAND规则,索要高额许可费;标准化后专利权人滥用专利禁止令等多种表现形式。美国和欧盟均是在滥用市场支配地位的框架下规制专利挟持行为,但两者存在高低不同的违法证明标准,同时和解制度在实践中得到广泛运用。我国对专利挟持的反垄断规制,应当在滥用市场支配地位的框架下,选择低违法证明标准,充分发挥和解制度的作用。 相似文献
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＂许可＂是知识产权交易的主要方式。在＂标準必要专利＂（Standard-Essential PatentS,下称SEP专利）出现之前,许可从法律性质上可分为＂一般许可＂和＂强制许可＂。1随着技术及经济全球化的不斷发展,SEP专利应运而生;并由此产生SEP专利的许可及与之相关的争议。此类争议常涉及所谓FRAND（Fair,Reasonable and Non-discriminatoryTermS）条款的适用问题。主要体现在两个方面：一是对SEP专利许可法律性质的认识;二是如何适用FRAND条款。 相似文献
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论标准必要专利持有人与标准实施者关系的处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先分析了专利权的私权属性和标准的公共、强制属性。之后,基于近年来国内外涉及标准的专利诉讼、反垄断热点案件讨论了标准必要专利持有人与标准实施者关系及其处理。在此基础上,总结并提出了:首先,不宜基于标准专利的强制实施性理解为标准专利持有人对标准实施者的当然许可;其次,不宜允许标准必要专利持有人利用标准必要专利对标准实施者提起禁售要求;最后,结合三星与苹果的全球专利诉讼现状和我国商务部在两起并购案中的反垄断审查决定,提出标准必要专利持有人与标准实施者较佳处理专利争端的解决方式。即标准实施者应积极寻求标准必要专利持有人的许可,标准必要专利持有人应基于FRAND原则给予标准实施者以许可。 相似文献
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为规制标准必要专利中的FRAND劫持,促进标准必要专利更好地运用于市场,本文从FRAND劫持的本质属性出发,探索其与普通专利侵权存在的不同之处。在此基础上,借鉴美国、德国规制FRAND劫持的实践,结合我国具体情况提出建议。在标准必要专利信息对称层面,建立、完善标准必要专利信息披露制度和标准必要专利许可使用费相对公开机制;在标准必要专利侵权救济层面,通过审查标准实施者是否恶意决定禁令的实施,采用技术分摊规则、比较许可协议等综合考量确定专利侵权损害赔偿。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):212-213
<正>In February 2014,the 30th Chinese Antarctic inland expedition team reported that they have successfully conducted the seeing measurement at the Antarctic Taishan Station using a Differential Image Motion Monitor(DIMM)developed by the Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optic and Technology(NIAOT),Chinese Academy of Sciences.In astronomy,seeing is a physical parameter that describes the irregular movement and blur of the star 相似文献
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XIN Ling 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(4):270-271
Amassive overhaul is coming to the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. To straighten its ＂fragmented, inefficient research＂, the academy has decided to restructure its 104 institutes for better teamwork. 相似文献
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SONG Jianlan 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(4)
<正>DNA demethylation in mammalian zygotes,a biochemical process through which the parental genomes let go the epigenetic marks from their"past lives"to obtain totipotency,has long fascinated biologists:how does it happen?A joint team at the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences tells a surprising story. 相似文献
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China is one of the fastest growing economies worldwide. Are science and research also in the fast lane? We talked with LUO Yuan, scientist at the Institute of Coal Chemistry in Shanxi, and Axel Mosig, Professor at Ruhr University in Bochum, who has first-hand experience working and living in China. 相似文献
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Joachim Trümper 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):201-201
<正>"In 1979 two Chinese scientists joined our institute in the framework of the historical CAS-MPG agreement.This marked the beginning of a longstanding fruitful collaboration.Many visitors followed and contributed to our scientific programs.–My first visit to China took place in 1981–with stays at CAS institutes in Bejing,Nanjing,Shanghai and Kunming,where I received unforgettable impressions of 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>May 15,2014Publicly funded scientific research is an important means for the society to create knowledge,support innovation,and promote growth.Research articles from such research are knowledge resources to be shared by all.Their open access will facilitate the dissemination and utilization of knowledge,turn the knowledge produced by public investment effectively into innovation and development capabilities of the society,ensure that public knowledge benefi ts all,and strengthen the innovation driven development strategy.Therefore,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)issues at the present stage the following open access policy for articles from publicly funded scientifi c research projects:CAS requires its researchers and graduate students to 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>Between February and March of 2013,the source of avian-origin H7N9 human infection was discovered in Shanghai and Anhui,China.Prior to this,H7N9 has only exhibited characteristics of a low pathogenic avian infl uenza virus,carried by chickens with no known cross-species transmission.By the end of August 2013,Chinese mainland reported a total of 134 confi rmed cases of H7N9 human infections across12 provinces and 42 cities,resulting in 45 deaths.In October and November,Zhejiang Province found three new cases and Guangdong found one case of human infection,suggesting the possibility of a comeback in the fall and winter seasons.Researchers led by Prof.GAO Fu(George Fu Gao)at the Institute of Microbiology,CAS and Beijing Institutes of Life Science,have made progress on understanding 相似文献