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本文借助异质品双寡头Stackelberg竞争模型,在非完全自由贸易的背景下,考虑进口国关税和产品异质性对外国企业技术授权策略的选择以及技术授权对进口国社会福利的影响。研究表明：（1）固定收费方式下,只有在关税水平较高或技术创新程度较大时,市场机制才能促使技术授权发生;（2）特许权收费方式和双重收费方式都可以增加技术拥有企业的利润,但双重收费方式能够实现其利润的最大化;（3）无论以哪种方式进行技术授权,总可能损害进口国的社会福利;当技术创新程度较高或关税水平较大时,技术授权会损害进口国的社会福利。 相似文献
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<正> 学习外国的先进技术和管理经验是我国吸引外商直接投资(以下简称FDI)的主要目的之一,特别是大型跨国公司更因为其技术起点高、管理经验丰富而成为我国引资的重点。然而,世界各国吸引FDI的实践表明,外商出于种种考虑,大都不愿将其拥有的技术。特别是先进技术进行转让。这种情形虽然与东道国政府试图通过引进FDI来提高本国技术水平的初衷相背离,但东道国仍有可能获得FDI的技术外溢效应,间接地使本国的技术水平提高。 相似文献
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通过构建混合寡头和私有寡头市场下的企业绿色技术授权博弈模型,研究了市场结构及所有权性质对企业最优绿色技术授权策略的影响,讨论了绿色技术授权的环境、经济及社会福利效果。研究结果表明:市场结构和所有权性质并不影响企业绿色技术授权策略,最优的绿色技术授权收费模式为固定费用,且企业与社会最优的绿色技术授权收费模式一致。市场结构及企业所有权性质影响最优固定费用,混合寡头市场下民营企业为专利持有方时,最优的固定费用大于国有企业为专利持有方时及私有寡头市场下的最优固定费用。当企业排污成本较大时,相比无授权情形,对企业进行固定费用技术授权不仅能够提高环境质量,还能够提高市场中企业整体利润和社会福利水平,从而能够实现经济的高质量发展。 相似文献
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区分了跨国公司的技术转移与东道国企业的技术吸收这两个不同概念,并在一个两阶段博弈竞争模型基础上,分析了东道国人力资本水平对此二者的影响。研究结果显示,跨国公司的技术转移水平与东道国人力资本水平之间并不存在简单的线形关系,但是东道国企业对先进技术的吸收随着人力资本水平的提高而提高。 相似文献
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本文建立了一个经济学模型,其中一个非生产性的技术研发企业决定如何向两个生产性企业转让降低成本的技术,两个生产性企业在产品市场上进行Stackelberg竞争。本文的研究表明,技术拥有企业的最优决策不仅取决于其技术创新的程度而且取决于技术转让的合同形式。在固定收费合同下,如果新技术的创新程度较低(高),那么技术拥有者偏好向先(后)进入市场的企业转让其技术;在特许权收费合同下,技术拥有企业会向两个企业同时授权其技术;但是在双重收费合同下,技术拥有者的最优策略是只向跟随企业转让其技术。三种合同相比,双重收费合同不仅会使技术拥有者的授权利润达到最大,而且会使社会福利水平达到最高,从而实现了企业个体目标与社会整体目标的完美一致。 相似文献
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产业扶持政策是否是实现后进国家产业技术水平赶超的有效手段,理论界一直存在争论.通过构建一个在开放条件下存在技术品质差异的三阶段企业竞争博弈模型,分析产业政策与东道国企业技术路线选择之间的关系,进而对产业政策的有效性进行分析.结果发现.市场占有率与消费者的消费偏好有关,而与所生产产品的技术品质无关;产品技术品质差的扩大(缩小)将会提高(减弱)竞争均衡时的厂商定价能力,从而提升(降低)竞争均衡时厂商产品的均衡价格;厂商产品的技术路线选择取决于国外厂商品质水平;政府财政补贴影响企业技术路线的选择,不同财政补贴率直接影响企业选择不同的技术品质水平;产业补贴政策存在一个有效区间.在该有效区间,政府的产业补贴政策可以提高企业的研发积极性,但政府的最优财政补贴率与国外产品的技术品质水平有关. 相似文献
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This study empirically examines whether the research and development (R&D) activities of foreign-owned firms in Japan differ notably from the R&D activities of domestically-owned firms based on a firm-level panel dataset. Our study carefully disentangles the significant differences in R&D investment behavior of subsidiaries due to three different reasons: having a foreign parent, corporate group affiliation, and the degree of relatedness between business units. The results reveal the following. First, firms that are majority-owned by another firm are less active in R&D than independent firms. Second, foreign ownership does not matter if the parent firm is from a G7 country, but R&D intensity is significantly and positively associated with foreign ownership if the parent firm is from a non-G7 country. Finally, for subsidiaries whose business is related to that of their parent firm, the R&D intensity is lower if the parent is a domestic firm, but higher if it is a foreign firm. These findings imply that globalization and the integration of firms may not only affect production patterns and global supply chains, but may also have an important impact on the level of domestic R&D activities. 相似文献
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Robert Wilson 《Research Policy》1977,6(2):114-126
This paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on international licensing of technology and its determinants. Two empirical questions are treated. First, does evidence support a view that international licensing is more prevalent than domestic licensing? Second, what does the evidence imply about the causes of international versus domestic differences?Aggregate licensing data support the view of greater international than domestic licensing. This evidence is not conclusive, however, because the size of a country in relation to the rest of the world has an important influence on the data.Some evidence supports an ‘expansion constraint’ view that financial and organizational constraints are greater for overseas than domestic expansion and therefore licensing tends to be more popular internationally. More extensive evidence supports an additional view of the causes of international versus domestic licensing differences. This explanation, the ‘oligopoly’ view, is that firms seek to maintain segmented geographic markets by not licensing their technology to domestic competitors. Support for the ‘oligopoly’ view comes from our previous study of US licensing, from Japanese data, and from an independent British study. An interpretation of empirical results for Japan is that in other countries, notably the US, rival firms are unwilling to license their know-how and production secrets to each other for fear of losing their market position. There is, however, a valuable pool of technology which they could license, and in fact are willing to license to firms that aren't expected to be direct competitors. These licensees tend to be in foreign countries because the rivals' possibilities for expansion there are limited. 相似文献
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国外企业专利许可行为及其机理研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
随着世界范围内对知识产权尤其是专利权保护强度的加大,企业已经开始加强了对专利资产的开发与管理。论文从专利许可类别和专利许可模式的角度,对国外(主要指美国)企业专利许可行为进行系统分析,并在此基础上,着重分析其内在的运作机理。最后结合中国实际,给出了一些规范性的对策和建议。 相似文献
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文章运用动态博弈的方法研究了在网络外部性特征显著的本国市场中,当政府对进口企业征收从量关税时,提供具有纵向差异产品的国外企业和国内企业的价格竞争和兼容策略问题。结论表明,网络外部性加剧了国内外企业间的价格竞争,但相互兼容可以弱化竞争激烈程度,因此二者都偏好兼容;关税对质量差异具有强烈的替代效应,适当的关税水平既有利于本国企业成长又有利于国外企业的市场进入;边际兼容成本的大小决定了国内外企业的最优兼容水平的高低,即决定了谁具有更强的兼容动机。文章结论在一定程度上为相关企业的兼容性决策和政府的关税调控提供了理论支持。 相似文献
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电子信息资源使用许可协议的内容研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
电子信息资源使用许可协议是国际上通用的在电子信息环境中购买、租用或获取电子信息资源的主要方式。许可协议文本是一种法律协定，是电子信息资源供应商控制购买者传播、利用电子信息资源的重要手段，同时也是购买者合理使用电子信息资源的保障。本文介绍了国外电子信息资源使用许可协议研究中的最新成果，对我国图书馆用户在许可协议签署中的关键问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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网络信息资源许可证制度--兼论图书馆推进公共信息获取的有效尝试 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了国内外图书馆通过取得集团许可证、国家许可证推进公共信息获取的有益尝试，指出实施许可证是使用和管理网络信息资源的有效途径，也是平衡知识产权权利人和社会公众利益的有效机制，并就我国网络信息资源许可证制度的建设提出了建议。 相似文献
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Lawrence S. Welch 《普罗米修斯》2015,33(4):361-374
This paper charts the development of the knowledge-based theory of internationalisation, driven particularly by early research at the University of Uppsala, led by Sune Carlson. Information and knowledge, allied with an interest in the associated effect on risk and uncertainty, were components of a process perspective. Its essence was a focus on the restraining effects of a lack of knowledge as decision-makers contemplated international market entry or expansion requiring a commitment of resources in various forms, in different types of foreign operations (such as exporting, licensing and foreign direct investment). Lack of knowledge of a prospective foreign market (of its characteristics, culture, ways of doing business) was seen to create uncertainty so that firm decision-makers would be less prepared to commit resources. This situation was bound to change as a firm conducted operations in the foreign market and acquired experiential knowledge (learning by doing), which made the foreign market less of a mystery, in the process lowering uncertainty. As the learning process unfolded, and expanded opportunities were perceived, at some stage the firm might be prepared to undertake additional commitments to the foreign market. Empirical research at Uppsala, and in Finland, had shown a pattern of gradual expansion of foreign commitments by internationalising firms. In terms of theoretical development, a key step was relaxation of the assumption of perfect knowledge used in economics (not without critique), noted by Don Lamberton in 1974. Following the development of internationalisation theory in the 1970s, there was a range of extensions to the basic theory, such as the role of networks, the nature of inward–outward connections, and the need for knowledge to pass over language hurdles in the process of international transmission – within and outside the firm. In one sense, the internationalisation of companies was a perfect research site for an exploration of the role of information and knowledge in firm behaviour, given the additional exigencies of the diverse and demanding information environment that is the international arena. 相似文献
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近年来,随着技术的快速发展,技术并购成为企业快速获取技术创新能力的重要方式。鉴于技术并购对企业创新绩效的影响机制尚未达成一致的认识,本文通过构建固定效应和Tobit经济计量模型,对国内医药上市公司2015-2017年的并购创新绩效进行了实证研究。研究表明：技术并购与企业的创新绩效存在显著的正向关系;吸收能力对并购后创新绩效存在正向促进作用;吸收能力在技术并购和创新绩效间起中介作用;动态能力正向调节技术并购与创新绩效之间的关系;动态能力正向调节吸收能力与创新绩效之间的关系。因此,企业在通过技术并购提升创新绩效时,还需要注重吸收能力的提高和动态能力的提升。 相似文献
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本文在讨论OEM的起源、发展和利弊的基础上,用博弈论模型,对我国当前企业界和经济理论界关心和争论的OEM问题进行了数理和实证研究,并证明了如下主要结论:(1)OEM产品出口价格p1随着企业数n的增加持续下降,且当OEM的企业数充分大时,价格p1逼近国内厂商的生产成本;(2)国内做OEM的企业越多,国外公司的利润额就越大;(3)当n=1,即国内企业处于垄断地位时,做OEM的国内企业利润额最大;当n=2时,国内OEM企业的利润之和与外国公司持平;但当n大于2时,国内所有OEM企业的利润总和还不如国外公司的利润。 相似文献
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当前越来越多的国际贸易协定制约了东道国政府贸易政策的使用。相对而言，约束东道国政府FDI政策使用的国际协议较少。本文通过对国内公司、跨国公司及东道国政府三者之间的博弈模型分析表明：即使东道国政府在可自由设置其贸易政策（或FDI政策），而另一种FDI政策（或贸易政策）受到制约的情况下，其均衡政策也不会扭曲跨国公司进入模式；而且在给定的自由贸易政策约束下，东道国的FDI政策主要起到一种分配作用，即通过这种FDI政策可使得东道国政府从外国投资者身上获得额外租金。 相似文献