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1.
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is the major funding agency for China''s basic research in natural science. The total budget for NSFC was 26.7 billion Yuan (RMB) in 2017, accounting for 27% of China''s total investment in basic research. In the past decades, continuous increases in the National Natural Science Fund and other funding programs provided strong support for the rapid growth in China''s science and technology (S&T). In the second half of 2018, NSFC unveiled a deep reform plan that aims to build a fair, efficient and standardized new funding system that meets the demands of excellence in science in the twenty-first century in 5–10 years. Why did NSFC propose this reform? What are the major tasks of this reform? And how would NSFC implement this reform? All-in-all, this reform would not only have profound effect on S&T in China but also matters the world for the global collaborative efforts for the science. Recently, National Science Review had an exclusive interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to learn his views and perspectives of the future of NSFC. 相似文献
2.
Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(11):1787
With the fast development of cutting-edge technologies and their greater integration into human life, more ethical challenges emerge. The problem became more salient when the world''s first genetically edited babies were born in China in violation of existing ethical rules. Although the responsible researcher He Jiankui was sentenced for imprisonment for three years last December, it is still necessary to examine the current status of research ethics and the challenges in China. Has China set up a sophisticated research ethics system? For research ethics and their implementation in China, are there unique national characteristics? Can the dominant ethics principles primarily developed from life science research be equally adopted in the emerging artificial intelligence research and development? At an online forum organized by National Science Review (NSR) and through subsequent correspondences among forum participants, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo and guest moderator Hepeng Jia asked three scientists and three bioethicists or philosophers of science and technology in the field to examine the dynamic development of research ethics in China. Weiwen DuanPhilosopher of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Junjiu HuangLife scientist focused on genetics at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Renzong QiuBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Qiang SunLife scientist and the principal investigator (PI) of clone monkey program at Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Yi ZengArtificial intelligence scientist at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Xiaomei ZhaiBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair)Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Hepeng Jia (Co-chair)Professor of Science Communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China 相似文献
3.
农林高等院校科技资源配置效率的高低在一定程度上会影响整个农业科技资源系统的运行效率。基于1993-2009年农林高等院校的面板数据,运用Malmquist-DEA指数方法对农林高等院校的科技资源配置效率进行测度的结果表明:农林高等院校技术效率平均提高了1.1个百分点,说明科技资源配置效率呈现上升的趋势,但院校之间存在一定的差异;技术进步率的降低导致农林高等院校全要素生产率平均下降了1.4个百分点;农林高等院校的规模效率值较高,反映规模更加适度。中国农业大学和南京农业大学等拥有丰富的科技资源而且配置效率也较高。 相似文献
4.
The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is located in Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, and has its own characteristics among the universities in China. Established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), USTC is distinctively tinted with a scientific color. It is also famous for its ‘Special Class for the Gifted Young’ and is considered one of the best Chinese universities in the fields of science and technology (S&T). Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Xinhe Bao, the President of USTC, about the characteristics of the university and the education and research in China. Xinhe Bao is an academician of CAS and has made seminal contributions in catalysis and energy chemistry in the past decades. Before joining USTC, he had worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS and Fudan University (Shanghai), and thus possesses an in-depth understanding of the education and research in China. 相似文献
5.
Chao Gu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)
Throughout history, gender inequality has persisted in most parts of the world. Since the founding of the People''s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, substantial progress has been made towards gender equality in China. Today, a large number of Chinese women scientists are making significant contributions to advance science. However, are they facing gender discrimination in hiring and promotion? Do they have access to the same opportunities as their male colleagues? What are the potential approaches to further promote gender equality in China''s scientific community given myriad unfavorable social factors? Recently, NSR invited five Chinese female scientists and two gender experts to discuss these issues. Here are their observations and suggestions. Bing LiuProfessor at the Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University Jun LuSenior Engineer at Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, and Deputy Chief Designer of BeiDou Grounded Test and Validation System Chih-chen WangProfessor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hongyang WangPresident of the China Women''s Association for Science and Technology (CWAST), Director of the National Center for Science in Liver Cancer Xiaoyun WangC. N. Yang Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University Yan ZhengChair Professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Wenpei Tang (Chair)Professor at the School of Health Humanities, Peking University 相似文献
6.
Professor Henry Tye (戴自海) is a world-renowned expert in theoretical particle physics, string theory and cosmology. He was recently the IAS Professor at the Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), and is the Horace White Professor of Physics (Emeritus) at Cornell University. He has a lot of experience in research status in both China and the United States. Recently, NSR invited Professor Yi-Fu Cai (蔡一夫) from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) to interview Prof. Tye on his personal views on the future of theoretical physics, his own experience, and his advice to young researchers. 相似文献
7.
Agricultural science and technology (S&T) is under great scrutiny. Reorientation towards more holistic approaches, including agroecology, has recently been backed by a global international assessment of agriculture S&T for development (IAASTD). Understanding the past and current trends of agricultural S&T is crucial if such recommendations are to be implemented. This paper shows how the concepts of technological paradigms and trajectories can help analyse the agricultural S&T landscape and dynamics. Genetic engineering and agroecology can be usefully analysed as two different technological paradigms, even though they have not been equally successful in influencing agricultural research. We used a Systems of Innovation (SI) approach to identify the determinants of innovation (the factors that influence research choices) within agricultural research systems. The influence of each determinant is systematically described (e.g. funding priorities, scientists’ cognitive and cultural routines etc.). As a result of their interactions, these determinants construct a technological regime and a lock-in situation that hinders the development of agroecological engineering. Issues linked to breaking out of this lock-in situation are finally discussed. 相似文献
8.
Jane Qiu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(4):824
China has attached a great significance to bringing science to the public—known as kepu (科普, ‘science popularization’) or kexue chuanbo (科学传播, ‘science dissemination’)—in recent years, partly in response to its unprecedented push for innovation in science and technology. In 2018, it spent 16 billion yuan (US$2.3 billion) on such endeavours, nearly 80% of which was government funding, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology. With one science-education venue for every million people, approximately 76 million visits were made to the country''s 518 general-science museums and 142 million visits were made to 943 museums dedicated to a specific subject matter, such as the Geological Museum of China.In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s executive editor-in-chief, Mu-ming Poo, scientists, journalists and public-information officers discussed the differences in science communication between China and developed nations, the challenges and opportunities of raising scientific literacy in China, how it has played out in a wide range of controversial topics, from stem-cell research to climate change, and the importance of international collaboration. Tao Deng Director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Hepeng Jia Science journalist and science-communication scholar at Soochow University, Suzhou, China Brian Lin Director of the Editorial Content Strategy, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Joy Ma Manager of the Editorial Content, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Lai Xu Former chief editor of Guokr.com, Beijing, China Shi Yan Deputy director of the China Research Institute for Science Popularisation, Chinese Association of Science and Technology, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director of the Insitute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 相似文献
9.
Professor John Hopcroft at Cornell University is a Turing Prize winner (1986) and an educator with more than 55 years of teaching experience. For the past 10 years, Hopcroft has been coming to China to give courses to undergraduate students at Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) and has helped SJTU to improve the quality of computer-science education. He also chairs the Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies at Peking University (PKU), the Turing Class at PKU and the Hopcroft Center at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, and is engaged in many other projects aiming to upgrade China''s computer-science undergraduate education. Recently, NSR talked with Professor Hopcroft to learn his views on education in China. 相似文献
10.
近20年来世界科技呈现出加速发展态势。随着新一轮科技变革和产业革命不断蓄势,世界已经进入以创新为主题、以创新为主导的新时代,全球科技领域的、国家间的科技创新格局加速调整和重构,而国际经济社会发展大趋势对科技创新格局调整和重塑起到重要驱动作用。在归纳国际经济社会发展大趋势的基础上,基于中国经济由高速增长转向科技引领和创新驱动的高质量发展新阶段的现实,分析讨论了经济社会发展趋势对科技创新发展的关键需求,提出了建设适应经济社会发展大趋势、支撑我国科技强国建设的主要科技创新体系,包括基础科学研究、关键核心技术、"数字中国"与智慧社会先进信息网络、清洁可再生先进能源、绿色智能制造、现代绿色生态可持续高效农业、"健康中国"医疗卫生保障、"美丽中国"人地和谐共生生态环境、深空与深海探测等主要科技创新体系。 相似文献
11.
试论科技工作者与科学精神 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
科学精神对科技工作者是至关重要的,那么,什么是科学精神？它对科技工作者有什么样的作用？怎样才能弘扬科学精神？本文从科技工作者的角度,对此进行了阐述。 相似文献
12.
Search ‘de novo protein design’ on Google and you will find the name David Baker in all results of the first page. Professor David Baker at the University of Washington and other scientists are opening up a new world of fantastic proteins. Protein is the direct executor of most biological functions and its structure and function are fully determined by its primary sequence. Baker''s group developed the Rosetta software suite that enabled the computational prediction and design of protein structures. Being able to design proteins from scratch means being able to design executors for diverse purposes and benefit society in multiple ways. Recently, NSR interviewed Prof. Baker on this fast-developing field and his personal experiences. 相似文献
13.
中国快速城镇化背景下都市区农业多功能性演变特征综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国学者已就农业多功能性和城镇化对都市区农业的影响进行了大量研究,但缺乏采用农业多功能性范式对都市区农业变化与响应作出的系统性探讨。论文基于中国相关文献的检索分析,梳理了都市区农业多功能性的概念框架和评价指标,以期为构建系统性研究框架奠定基础。在此基础上,分析了中国快速城镇化背景下都市区农业多功能性和农业模式的变化。结果表明,城镇化使都市区农业的主要功能类型和不同功能之间的关系发生变化;不同社会主体积极适应城镇化的行为形成了七种主要的农业模式,都市区农业总体趋于经济功能、社会功能和生态功能兼具的综合性多功能农业系统。最后,展望了都市区农业多功能发展的未来研究方向,希望深化中国农业多功能性研究,并推动都市区农业可持续发展。 相似文献
14.
Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(11)
On 17 June 2021, China''s spacecraft Shenzhou 12 took three Chinese astronauts into the Earth''s orbit and docked with the assembly of Tianhe and Tianzhou, the core module and cargo ship of the Chinese Space Station (CSS), which had been launched and assembled in orbit earlier this year. The three astronauts became the first visitors of the CSS and would stay in orbit for about three months. In 2022, two laboratory cabin modules, Wentian and Mengtian, will be launched and assembled into Tianhe, completing the basic structure of the CSS. The CSS is designed to be used for at least 10 years, and will provide an outer space experimental platform for researchers from multiple disciplines.On 23 July 2021, National Science Review (NSR) interviewed Professor Ming Gao (高铭), the Commander-in-Chief of the Space Utilizaiton System of the China Manned Space Program, Director General of the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization (CSU) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and an Academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. The Space Utilizaiton System is the scientific part of the CSS project, responsible for the design and organization of the onboard research programs. Gao has been involved in China''s Manned Space Program since 1994, and has experienced the whole development process from the Shenzhou spacecraft to the CSS. In this interview, she introduces the scientific goals, plans and aspirations of the CSS. 相似文献
15.
Chen-Ning Yang ( ) is the most distinguished Chinese theoretical physicist. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he formulated the Yang–Mills Gauge Theory, which led to the development of the Standard Model, the leading framework for understanding particle physics. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee ( ) proposed the possibility of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Besides these two major achievements, Yang made many other seminal contributions to particle physics, statistical physics and condensed matter physics. At the end of 2003, Yang returned to China from the US and established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in Beijing. NSR’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo ( ), a neurobiologist, and Alexander Wu Chao ( ), an accelerator physicist at Stanford University, talked with Professor Yang on a variety of topics, ranging from his retrospective view on Yang–Mills theory, on his contemporary physicists, on tastes in scientific research, and on the current and future developments of Chinese science. The following is an excerpt from this conversation that took place on 21 March 2019 at Tsinghua University, Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(9):1513
AbstractMathematics is the foundation of science and rational thinking. Math education for the younger generation is the fundamental project to upgrade the mathematical literacy and the creativity of the whole society. China''s education system has long been different from that of Western countries. China has fostered many gold medal winners of the International Mathematics Olympiad, but is also criticized as lacking creativity. In this NSR forum on math education in China, educators of high schools and universities as well as researchers of different scientific fields gather to talk about the current predicaments and future developments of China''s math education. Zenghu Li Mathematician; Professor of the School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Chao Tang Quantitative biologist; Director of the Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China Zhihong Xia Mathematician; Professor of Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA and the Founding Chair of the Department of Mathematics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China Jinlong Yang Computational chemist; Professor of the School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China Huawei Zhu Headmaster of Shenzhen Middle School, Shenzhen, China; Former leader and head coach of the national team of China for the International Mathematics Olympiad, China Gang Tian (Chair) Mathematician; Professor of the School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China 相似文献
17.
Mingjie Zhang is a distinguished structural biologist whose research interest is the protein assemblies in cells, particularly those at the synapse, where two neurons meet and transmit nervous impulses from one to the other. In recent years, his group discovered the phenomenon of phase separation in both the pre- and post-synaptic sites of neurons and elucidated its regulation and physiological function. In this interview, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo talks with Prof. Zhang on the fast-developing research area of biological phase separation, as well as Zhang''s new role as the Founding Dean of the School of Life Sciences at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen. 相似文献
18.
Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(1):171
In recent years, Chinese scientists have achieved significant progress in paleontological discoveries and scientific studies. Series of studies published in top journals, such as Science, Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), have astonished the world by presenting beautiful fossils that furnish robust evidence to enrich the understanding of organismic evolution, major extinctions and stratigraphy. It has been portrayed as the heyday in the paleontology of China. What is the status of the field? What factors have caused the avalanche of fossil discoveries in China? What implications can these new discoveries provide for our understanding of current evolution theories? How, given their significant contribution to the world''s paleontology scholarship, can Chinese scientists play a due leadership role in the field? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), its associate editor-in-chief, Zhonghe Zhou, asked four scientists in the field as well as NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo to join the discussion. Jin Meng Paleobiologist at American Museum of Natural History Mu-ming Poo Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuzhong Shen Stratigrapher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuhai Xiao Paleobiologist and geobiologist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Zhonghe Zhou (Chair) Paleobiologist at Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences 相似文献
19.
摘 要：本文基于创新驱动视角，构建农业创新驱动过程模型，运用灰关联分析法对所建立的广西农业科技创新能力评价指标体系进行筛选，采用熵权TOPSIS法模糊物元综合评价模型，测算广西2010～2016年农业科技创新能力。结果表明，在研究期广西农业科技创新能力显著提高但增速大幅放缓；投入能力对广西农业科技创新能力产生直接拉动作用，但此模式不可持续；农业固定资产投资、专利申请授权数与人均教育投资支出对广西农业科技创新能力有显著正效应；广西农业科技创新环境水平较低，亟待改善。 相似文献
20.
肥料作为重要的生产资料,是农业可持续发展的物质基础,农业发展离不开肥料产业的支撑;推进农业供给侧结构性改革,肥料产业是绕不过去的一个环节。当前我国肥料产业面临着传统肥料产能过剩、不合理施肥导致的资源能源浪费、环境污染、耕地退化、农产品质量安全等一系列问题,行业发展亟待破局。文章从基层肥料市场和农业生产调研入手,以肥料产业支撑农业供给侧结构性调整的角度,较系统地阐释了我国肥料产业的现状、问题,提出了肥料和土壤调理剂产业可持续发展应以推进农业供给侧结构性改革为主线,以市场为导向,以满足国家粮食安全、优质绿色农产品供给、增加农民收入为主要目标的对策建议。 相似文献