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BackgroundThe effects of dietary nutrition on tail fat deposition and the correlation between production performance and the Hh signaling pathway and OXCT1 were investigated in fat-tailed sheep. Tan sheep were fed different nutritional diets and the variances in tail length, width, thickness and tail weight as well as the mRNA expression of fat-related genes (C/EBPα, FAS, LPL, and HSL) were determined in the tail fat of sheep at three different growth stages based on their body weight. Furthermore, the correlations between tail phenotypes and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway components (IHH, PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1) and OXCT1 were investigated.ResultsC/EBPα, FAS, LPL, and HSL were expressed with differences in tail fat of sheep fed different nutritional diets at three different growth stages. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed the significant effect of nutrition, stage, and interaction on gene expression, except the between C/EBPα and growth stage. C/EBPα, FAS, and LPL were considerably correlated with the tail phenotypes. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the tail phenotypes and Hh signaling pathway and OXCT1.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated the gene-level role of dietary nutrition in promoting tail fat deposition and related tail fat-related genes. It provides a molecular basis by which nutritional balance and tail fat formation can be investigated and additional genes can be identified. The findings of the present study may help improve the production efficiency of fat-tailed sheep and identify crucial genes associated with tail fat deposition.How to cite: Zeng J, Zhou S, Yang Y, et al. Effect of dietary nutrition on tail fat deposition and evaluation of tail-related genes in fat-tailed sheep. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.05.004. 相似文献
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Identification and characterization of a novel 2R,3R-Butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus sp. DL01
Background2R,3R-butanediol dehydrogenase (R-BDH) and other BDHs contribute to metabolism of 3R/3S-Acetoin (3R/3S-AC) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), which are important bulk chemicals used in different industries. R-BDH is responsible for oxidizing the hydroxyl group at their (R) configuration. Bacillus species is a promising producer of 3R/3S-AC and 2,3-BD. In this study, R-bdh gene encoding R-BDH from Bacillus sp. DL01 was isolated, expressed and identified.ResultsR-BDH exerted reducing activities towards Diacetyl (DA) and 3R/3S-AC using NADH, and oxidizing activities towards 2R,3R-BD and Meso-BD using NAD+, while no activity was detected with 2S,3S-BD. The R-BDH showed its activity at a wide range of temperature (25°C to 65°C) and pH (5.0–8.0). The R-BDH activity was increased significantly by Cd2+ when DA, 3R/3S-AC, and Meso-BD were used as substrates, while Fe2+ enhanced the activity remarkably at 2R,3R-BD oxidation. Kinetic parameters of the R-BDH from Bacillus sp. DL01 showed the lowest Km, the highest Vmax, and the highest Kcat towards the racemic 3R/3S-AC substrate, also displayed low Km towards 2R,3R-BD and Meso-BD when compared with other reported R-BDHs.ConclusionsThe R-BDH from Bacillus sp. DL01 was characterized as a novel R-BDH with high enantioselectivity for R-configuration. It considered NAD+ and Zn2+ dependant enzyme, with a significant affinity towards 3R/3S-AC, 2R,3R-BD, and Meso-BD substrates. Thus, R-BDH is providing an approach to regulate the production of 3R/3S-AC or 2,3-BD from Bacillus sp. DL01.How to cite: Elmahmoudy M, Elfeky N, Zhongji P, et al. Identification and characterization of a novel 2R,3R-Butanediol Dehydrogenase from Bacillus sp. DL01. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.11.002 相似文献
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BackgroundOpsonization, is the molecular mechanism by which target molecules promote interactions with phagocyte cell surface receptors to remove unwanted cells by induced phagocytosis. We designed an in vitro system to demonstrate that this procedure could be driven to eliminate adipocytes, using peptides mimicking regions of the complement protein C3b to promote opsonization and enhance phagocytosis. Two cell lines were used: (1) THP-1 monocytes differentiated to macrophages, expressing the C3b opsonin receptor CR1 in charge of the removal of unwanted coated complexes; (2) 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differentiated to adipocytes, expressing AQP7, to evaluate the potential of peptides to stimulate opsonization. (3) A co-culture of the two cell lines to demonstrate that phagocytosis could be driven to cell withdrawal with high efficiency and specificity.ResultsAn array of peptides were designed and chemically synthesized p3691 and p3931 joined bound to the CR1 receptor activating phagocytosis (p < 0.033) while p3727 joined the AQP7 protein (p < 0.001) suggesting that opsonization of adipocytes could occur. In the co-culture system p3980 and p3981 increased lipid uptake to 91.2% and 89.0%, respectively, as an indicator of potential adipocyte phagocytosis.ConclusionsThis in vitro model could help understand the receptor–ligand interaction in the withdrawal of unwanted macromolecules in vivo. The adipocyte-phagocytosis discussed may help to control obesity, since peptides of C3b stimulated the CR1 receptor, promoting opsonisation and phagocytosis of lipid-containing structures, and recognition of AQP7 in the differentiated adipocytes, favored the phagocytic activity of macrophages, robustly supported by the co-culture strategy.How to cite: Bartsch IM, Perelmuter K, Bollati-Fogolin M, et al. An in vitro model mimicking the complement system to favor directed phagocytosis of unwanted cells. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.010. 相似文献
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BackgroundPhospholipase D (PLD) is used as the biocatalyst for phosphatidylserine (PS) production. In general, PLD was expressed in insoluble form in Escherichia coli. High-level soluble expression of PLD with high activity in E. coli is very important for industrial production of PLD.ResultsStreptomyces chromofuscus PLD coding gene was codon-optimized, cloned without signal peptide, and expressed in E. coli. The optimal recombinant E. coli pET-28a+PLD/BL21(DE3) was constructed with pET-28a without His-tag. The highest PLD activity reached 104.28 ± 2.67 U/mL in a 250-mL shake flask after systematical optimization. The highest PLD activity elevated to 122.94 ± 1.49 U/mL by feeding lactose and inducing at 20°C after scaling up to a 5.0-L fermenter. Substituting the mixed carbon source with 1.0 % (w/v) of cheap dextrin and adding a feeding medium could still attain a PLD activity of 105.81 ± 2.72 U/mL in a 5.0-L fermenter. Fish peptone from the waste of fish processing and dextrin from the starch are both very cheap, which were found to benefit the soluble PLD expression.ConclusionsAfter combinatorial optimization, the high-level soluble expression of PLD was fulfilled in E. coli. The high PLD activity along with cheap medium obtained at the fermenter level can completely meet the requirements of industrial production of PLD.How to cite: Wu R, Cao J, Liu F, et al. High-level soluble expression of phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus in Escherichia coli by combinatorial optimization. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;50.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.12.002 相似文献
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BackgroundPyruvic acid (PA), a vital α-oxocarboxylic acid, plays an important role in energy and carbon metabolism. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica) has considerable potential for the production of PA. An increased NaCl concentration reportedly increases the biomass and PA yield of Y. lipolytica.ResultsTo increase the yield of PA, the NaCl-tolerant Y. lipolytica A4 mutant was produced using the atmospheric and room temperature plasma method of mutation. The A4 mutant showed growth on medium containing 160 g/L NaCl. The PA yield of the A4 mutant reached 97.2 g/L at 120 h (0.795 g/g glycerol) in a 20-L fermenter with glycerol as the sole carbon source, which was 28.9% higher than that of the parental strain.ConclusionThe PA yield from Y. lipolytica can be improved by increasing its NaCl tolerance.How to cite: Yuan W, Lin X, Zhong S, et al. Enhanced pyruvic acid yield in an osmotic stress-resistant mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.002. 相似文献
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BackgroundThe harmful effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications have become a major global public health problem. In this study, the effects of Momordica charantia saponins (MCS) on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats were investigated.ResultsMCS could attenuate the tendency of weight loss of the model rats. It could also improve glucose tolerance; reduce fasting blood glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol; and increase the insulin content and insulin sensitivity index of the rats. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased, and the content of malondialdehyde decreased in the liver and pancreas tissues of rats in MCS-treated groups significantly. In addition, the expression of p-IRS-1 (Y612) and p-Akt (S473) increased, and the expression of p-IRS-1 (S307) decreased in the liver tissues and pancreas tissues of rats in MCS-treated groups significantly.ConclusionMCS has an antidiabetic effect, which may be related to its improving the lipid metabolism disorder, reducing oxidative stress level, and regulating the insulin signaling pathway.How to cite: Jiang S, Xu L, Xu X, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of Momordica charantia saponins in rats induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.12.001. 相似文献
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BackgroundTaraxacum species (commonly known as dandelion) used as herbal medicine have been reported to exhibit an antiproliferative effect on hepatoma cells and antitumor activity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Although several investigations have demonstrated the safety of Taraxacum officinale, the safety of tissue-cultured plants of T. formosanum has not been assessed so far. Therefore, the present study examines the safety of the water extract of the entire plant of tissue cultured T. formosanum based on acute and subacute toxicity tests in rats, as well as the Ames tests.ResultsNo death or toxicity symptoms were observed in the acute and subacute tests. The results of the acute test revealed that the LD50 (50% of lethal dose) value of the T. formosanum water extract for rats exceeded 5 g/kg bw. No abnormal changes in the body weight, weekly food consumption, organ weight, or hematological, biochemical, and morphological parameters were observed in the subacute toxicity test. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of T. formosanum water extract was estimated to be higher than 2.0 g/kg. Finally, the results of the Ames test revealed that T. formosanum water extract was not genotoxic at any tested concentration to any of five Salmonella strains.ConclusionsThe water extract of tissue-cultured T. formosanum was non-toxic to rats in acute and subacute tests and exhibited no genotoxicity to five Salmonella strains.How to cite: Tsai WC, Chang HC, Tseng YH, et al. Toxicity evaluation of water extract of tissue-cultured Taraxacum formosanum by acute, subacute administration, and Ames test. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.04.001 相似文献
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BackgroundThe preparation of broad bean koji is a key process in the production of Pixian broad bean paste (PBP). Protease is essential for the degradation of proteins during PBP fermentation. To obtain broad bean koji with high protease activity using the cocultivated strains of Aspergillus oryzae QM-6 (A. oryzae QM-6) and Aspergillus niger QH-3 (A. niger QH-3), the optimization of acid and neutral protease activities was carried out using Box–Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM).ResultsThe optimum conditions were found to be as follows: inoculation proportion (X1), 3:1 (A. oryzae QM-6: A. niger QH-3, w/w); culture temperature (X2), 33°C; inoculum size (X3), 0.5% (w/w); incubation time (X4), 5 d. The acid and neutral protease activities were 605.2 ± 12.4 U/g and 1582.9 ± 23.7 U/g, respectively, which were in good agreement with the predicted values. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles revealed that the broad bean koji extracellular proteins in the case of cocultivation were richer compared to those in the case of A. oryzae QM-6 or A. niger QH-3 strain only. In addition, the free amino acids (FAAs) in the fermentation product were 55% higher in the cocultivation process than in that involving only A. oryzae QM-6, further confirming the diversity of proteases in the fermentation products.ConclusionsThe optimal conditions of koji-making in PBP were obtained using RSM. The cocultivation of A. oryzae and A. niger increases the overall enzyme activities in the culture medium and the FAAs content, which would thus have potential application in the PBP industry.How to cite: Tang J, Chen T, Hu Q, et al. Improved protease activity of Pixian broad bean paste with cocultivation of Aspergillus oryzae QM-6 and Aspergillus niger QH-3. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.001. 相似文献
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BackgroundDiabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by defects in insulin production and activity. During disease progression, changes in lipid peroxidation cause structural modifications via production of free radicals. Fangchinoline is a well-known alkaloid present in Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore, which has demonstrated antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.ResultsThe present study analyzed the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of fangchinoline in male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into the following groups: normal control, diabetic, diabetic + fangchinoline 100 mg/kg, diabetic + fangchinoline 200 mg/kg and diabetic + glibenclamide 600 µg/kg. The treatment was administered orally for 45 consecutive days. Lipid peroxidation was substantially increased by >50% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. However, fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation to near normal levels. Reactive oxygen species levels were substantially increased by >500% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. Fangchinoline supplementation reduced reactive oxygen species to near normal levels. Fangchinoline supplementation significantly improved superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in diabetic rats. Total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose were increased in diabetic rats, whereas fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced these total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose to near normal levelsConclusionsSupplementation with fangchinoline led to significant attenuation of the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and glycoprotein components such as total hexoses, hexosamines, sialic acid, and fucose, while improving antioxidant marker levels.How to cite: Xia J, Huang W, Zhou F. Effect of fangchinoline on oxidant status in male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.07.005 相似文献
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BackgroundMeretrix petechialis is one of the commercially important marine bivalves. In this study, we selected six highly polymorphic EST-derived microsatellite markers to assess the genetic diversity and population differentiation on nine wild populations of Meretrix petechialis.ResultsThe number of alleles detected per locus ranged from 4 to 30 (mean NA = 27.5) with a total of 165 alleles. The mean value of observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.717 to 0.861 and from 0.797 to 0.856, respectively. Meanwhile, the result of Neighbor-joining and overall FST = 0.214 (P < 0.01) reveled that M. petechialis populations from GX are the farthest populations, a certain degree of genetic variation among individuals in each population and the genetic differentiation is significant.ConclusionsGX population has high genetic diversity among individual, and there are certain differences in genetic characteristics among different populations. This study will provide a basis for the domestication and cultivation of genetic diversity of M. petechialis population and the protection of clam germplasm resources.How to citeXu Q, Zheng J, Yan X, et al. Genetic diversity and differentiation of nine populations of the hard clam (Meretrix petechialis) assessed by EST-derived microsatellites. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.003 相似文献
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BackgroundFreeze-drying is known as one of the best methods to preserve bacterial strains. Protectant is the key factor affecting the survival rate of freeze-dried strains. In addition, salinity, bacterial suspension concentration, drying time, and other factors can also affect the survival rate of strains to varying degrees. At present, there are relatively few studies on freeze-drying preservation of marine bacteria. In the present study, we performed the freeze-drying protectant screening and optimized the preservation conditions for Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens, which is widely distributed in marine environment. The protective effects of the screened protectants were verified by 18 other marine bacterial strains.ResultsThe results indicated that the combination of 5.0% (w/v) lactose, 5.0% (w/v) mannitol, 5.0% (w/v) trehalose, 10.0% (w/v) skim milk powder, 0.5% (w/v) ascorbic acid and 0.5% (w/v) gelatin was the best choice for the preservation of P. nigrifaciens. The suggested salinity and concentration of initial cell suspension were 10 g/L NaCl and 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively. Furthermore, stationary-phase cells were the best choice for the freeze-drying process. The highest survival rate of P. nigrifaciens reached 52.8% when using 5–10% (w/v) skim milk as rehydration medium. Moreover, the other 18 marine strains belonging to Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Photobacterium, Planomicrobium, Edwardsiella, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces were freeze-dried under the abovementioned conditions. Their survival rates were 2.3–95.1%.ConclusionCollectively, our results supported that the protectant mixture and parameters were beneficial for lyophilization of marine bacteria.How to cite: Zhang Z, Yu Y, Wang Y, et al. Development of new protocol for freeze-drying preservation of Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens and its protective effect on other marine bacteria. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.12.006. 相似文献
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BackgroundThe main objective of this study was to isolate fungi associated with Anthopleura xanthogrammica and measure their antimicrobial and enzymatic activities. A total of 93 fungal strains associated with A. xanthogrammica were isolated in this study, of which 32 isolates were identified using both morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The antibacterial activities of 32 fungal isolates were tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio harveyi, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pyricularia oryzae by agar diffusion assay. Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities of the fungal isolates were determined by agar diffusion assays. Enzyme activities were detected from clear halo size.ResultsThe isolated fungi belonged to 18 genera within 7 taxonomic orders of 1 phylum. The genera Aspergillaceae were the most diverse and common. The antimicrobial activities of 32 isolates were evaluated, and 19 (59.4%) of fungi isolate displayed unique antimicrobial activities. All fungal strains displayed at least one enzyme activity. The most common enzyme activities in the fungi isolates were amylase and protease, while the least common were pectinase and xylanase.ConclusionsThis is first report on the sea anemone-derived fungi with antimicrobial and enzyme activities. Results indicated that sea anemone is a hot spot of fungal diversity and a rich resource of bioactive natural products.How to cite: Liu S, Ahmed S, Zhang C, et al. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable fungi associated with sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.003 相似文献
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BackgroundAPETALA3 (AP3) has significant roles in petal and stamen development in accordance with the classical ABC model.ResultsThe AP3 homolog, CDM19, from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Jinba was cloned and sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CDM19 is of DEF/AP3 lineage possessing the characteristic MIKC-type II structure. Expression analysis showed that CDM19 was transcribed in petals and stamens of ray and disc florets with weak expression in the carpels. Ectopic expression of CDM19 in Arabidopsis wild-type background altered carpel development resulting in multi-carpel siliques. CDM19 could only partially rescue the Arabidopsis ap3‐–3 mutant.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CDM19 may partially be involved in petal and stamen development in addition to having novel function in carpel development.How to cite: Githeng’u SK, Ding L, Zhao K, et al. Ectopic expression of Chrysanthemum CDM19 in Arabidopsis reveals a novel function in carpel development. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.03.001. 相似文献
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BackgroundMicrobial oils produced by diverse microorganisms are being considered as alternative sources of triglycerides for biodiesel production. However, the standalone production of biodiesel from microorganisms is not currently economically feasible. In case of yeasts, the use of low-value nutrient sources in microbial production and the implementation of cost-efficient downstream processes could reduce costs and make microbial lipids competitive with other commodity-type oils in biodiesel production. Industrial biodiesel synthesis from oleaginous seeds is currently based on a multistep process. However, a simple process called in situ transesterification (ISTE), which takes place within the biomass without a previous lipid extraction step, is receiving increasing interest. In this work, the optimal conditions for an ISTE process to obtain biodiesel from previously selected oleaginous yeast (Rhodotorula graminis S1/S2) were defined using the response surface methodology (RSM).ResultsUsing the RSM approach, the optimal conditions for the maximum yield with minimum reaction time included a methanol-to-biomass ratio of 60:1, 0.4 M H2SO4, and incubation at 70°C for 3 h. The optimized in situ process yield was significantly higher (123%) than that obtained with a two-step method in which fatty acids from saponifiable lipids were first extracted and then esterified with methanol. The composition of the fatty acid methyl ester mixture obtained from R. graminis S1/S2 by ISTE met Uruguayan standards for biodiesel.ConclusionThe characteristics achieved by the optimized method make microbial oil a potential alternative for biodiesel production from yeast at an industrial scale.How to cite: Martinez-Silveira A, Villarreal R, Garmendia G, et al. Process conditions for a rapid in situ transesterification for biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts. Electron J Biotechnol 2018;37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.11.006. 相似文献
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BackgroundAgkistrodon acutus, a traditional Chinese medicine, clinically used in the treatment of rheumatism, tumor, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Due to the unique medicinal value and the difficulty of artificial breeding of Agkistrodon acutus, the supply of Agkistrodon acutus on the market exceeds the demand, and a large number of its adulterants are found on the market. In this study, the cytb gene sequences of Agkistrodon acutus and 9 snakes were compared and analyzed, specific primers were designed, and specific PCR methods were established to detect Agkistrodon acutus medicinal samples on the market.ResultsThis method was successfully applied to distinguish the snake from other adulterated species, and tested 18 Agkistrodon acutus samples randomly purchased from six cities. Twelve samples were counterfeit and six were genuine. The standard reference material of Agkistrodon acutus was cloned by molecular cloning and sequencing, and the gene sequence difference with other species was significant. It shows that the region could be used as the fingerprint region of the target species.ConclusionsThe proposed method can be used as a species-specific marker and can be highly distinguished from other adulterated snake species, which is helpful to effectively avoid the problem of false sale of Agkistrodon acutus.How to cite: Yingnuo L, Yanshuang W, Mingcheng Li, et al. Development of a species-specific PCR assay for authentication of Agkistrodon acutus based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.07.005 相似文献