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企业作为技术创新主体的特征研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
目前,对技术创新主体的内涵,我国企业是否已经成为技术创新主体等问题认识并不一致.本文提出,应从制度特征、统计特征、功能特征等角度考察企业作为技术创新主体的现状,认为我国企业从制度特征和统计特征的角度考察已经成为技术创新的主体,但从功能特征角度看,企业的技术创新主体作用还没有发挥出来.因此,政策的重点应是提高企业技术创新能力,激励企业充分发挥在技术创新中的主体作用. 相似文献
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20世纪90年代以来技术创新出现了新的特点,人们更加重视一种与以往的渐进性技术创新完全不同的新的技术发展模式——突破性技术创新.从市场竞争程度、进入壁垒、市场成长速度等方面研究突破性创新的市场特征;基于对突破性创新市场特征的认识分析突破性创新带给企业的困境,结合在位者企业和新进入企业资源和能力情况,提出企业应对突破性创新策略. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]针对我国在线用户评论习惯，探索用户评论行为对评论时间的影响作用因素，对电子商务运营商探究用户评论行为规律及探索潜在用户评论时间偏好具有重要的潜在商业价值。[方法/过程]基于TAM模型抽取在线用户评论行为时间特征规律研究的影响因素并构建模型，通过抽取消费者购买行为和评论行为的时间间隔为时间序列，通过多元线性回归模型进行假设验证。[结果/结论]通过对在线评论数据的实例验证，本文所构模型能够很好地发现在线用户评论行为对评论时间的影响作用关系，对消费者评论行为的时间特征规律发现和预测具有辅助作用。 相似文献
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借助演化博弈理论工具,将公司、合作社及农户同时纳入研究框架,构建政府补贴环境下生态农业技术创新扩散的博弈模型,并对均衡点的稳定性进行分析,运用数值仿真的方法分析参数变动和不同初始条件对演化结果的影响。研究表明,博弈主体选择积极生态策略时的收益增量与成本投入关系对系统演化轨迹将产生重大影响;政府补贴可有效降低生态农业技术实现创新扩散的条件,但一定情况下补贴作用将失灵;农户的风险规避特征及消费者对生态农产品的偏好均会对系统演化的结果产生影响,农户较高的风险规避度和消费者较低的偏好水平都将导致生态农业技术创新扩散的失败。 相似文献
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会计信息质量特征及其制约因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对学术界存在的会计信息质量特征的不同观点进行简要的分析,进而提出自己对会计信息质量特征的几点认识,并从宏观和微观两个方面分别阐述了会计信息质量特征的制约因素. 相似文献
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2007年以来中国移动电话用户数保持了快速的增长势头,每月新增用户数都在600万以上。从中国移动公布的数据中可以看到,新增用户数的一半以上来自农村市场,农村市场正逐步成为移动通信业务发展的重点。本文在对内蒙古某地区农村居民进行抽样调查的基础上,研究了农村市场移动信息化需求的特征,对农村移动电话用户进行了市场细分。同时还分析了各用户群对不同移动通信业务的偏好,为移动通信运营商进一步制定农村市场拓展策略提供依据。 相似文献
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Eric von Hippel 《Research Policy》1976,5(3):212-239
A sample of one hundred and eleven scientific instrument innovations was studied to determine the roles of instrument users and instrument manufacturers in the innovation processes which culminated in the successful commercialization of those instruments. Our key finding was that approximately 80% of the innovations judged by users to offer them a significant increment in functional utility were in fact invented, prototyped and first field-tested by users of the instrument rather than by an instrument manufacturer. The role of the first commercial manufacturer of the innovative instrument in all such cases was restricted, we found, to the performance of product engineering work on the user prototype (work which improved the prototype's reliability, ‘manufacturability’, and convenience of operation, while leaving its principles of operation intact) and to the manufacture and sale of the resulting innovative product. Thus, this research provides the interesting picture of an industry widely regarded as innovative in which the firms comprising the industry are not in themselves necessarily innovative, but rather — in 80% of the innovations sampled — only provide the product engineering and manufacturing function for innovative instrument users.We term the innovation pattern observed in scientific instruments a ‘user dominated’ one and suggest that such a pattern may play a major role in numerous industries. 相似文献
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美国"再工业化"的实现路径突出高端制造业核心创新优势,将产业结构升级建立在创新的基础上。增强美国创新型经济增长动力的核心着力点在于,推动和发展高端制造业创新所需的技术资源、资本资源、人才资源、机制资源等高级生产要素以市场为导向发生配置结构的不断投入和革新,在高级生产要素配置结构的创造重组中发挥创新优势能够助力美国抢占并保持高端制造业的技术领先、研发领先和制造领先地位,实现驱动新一轮的经济增长周期。我国"高增长、低创新"的制造业要实现"创新驱动增长"之路仍然漫长,这意味着我国当前更应着力对高级生产要素这一类创新资源的投入配置,并调整制造业内部市场结构,为期待来临的大规模高技术创新做好充足筹谋,从而提升我国制造业技术创新资源体系发展水平。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):311-326
This paper aims to improve understanding of how innovations are diffused through combining perspectives on the adoption and consumption of innovation. The literature on the adoption of innovation mainly examines issues such as technical functionalities, utility and personality factors. In contrast, research on the consumption of innovation is concerned with the context and meaning of consumer decisions and the values that underlie them. The paper is conceptual and uses Weber’s categories of meaning in action to argue the value of combining the primarily ‘rational’ innovation adoption literature with the more ‘emotive’ consumption literature. By reference to the consumption of hybrid cars, we show how the innovation adoption literature can be valuably supplemented by an understanding of what consumers of innovation do, why they do it and what doing it means to them. We argue that this combination provides a more holistic understanding of how innovations diffuse and has implications for those delivering, using and researching innovation. 相似文献
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The manufacturing industry is the skeleton of a country′s economy, which is the foundation of national wealth, technological innovation and national defense. The quality of manufacturing industries is the measurement of economic efficiency, production technique efficiency, structure balance, material and energy consumption ratio and pollution discharge etc.that is combination of economic efficiency, factor efficiency and social efficiency. By extracting the essence of quality of manufacturing industry, the paper has established manufacturing development quality indicators which is the main innovation points of the paper, to reflect the quality of factor allocation and environmental improvement degree, which includes industrial contribution ratio and environmental improvement degree that embodies manufacturing industry efficiency and sustainability.
Ten hypotheses have been put forward through theoretic analysis of the effect of factor endowment such as human quality, research and development investment,state-owned and foreign capital proportion, and industrial environment such as industrial competition, supply-demand situation, industrial specialization, industrial tax policies, industrial export, import of technical parts, and macroeconomic environment such as financial development level and environmental regulation and investment etc. on the quality of manufacturing industries.
By collecting data of physical investment and human capital of manufacturing enterprises in scale from 2000-2015,calculating manufacture development quality index and influencing variables such as R&D investment, human capital quality etc., the paper has used correlation analysis and econometric model to verify the validity of the hypothesis, which is exploring the effect of factor endowment and business environmental factors on manufacturing development quality, and seven hypothesis has been confirmed while a hypothesis is falsified and two hypothesis could not have been verified.
Findings show that R&D investment, pollution abatement, human capital quality promotes the quality of manufacturing industries, which means that high-quality R&D investment and human capital may increase the efficiency of manufacturing industry and pollution abatement helps reduce pollutant discharge to protect environment. That state-owned capital and demand-supply situation have the strong positive effect on manufacturing development quality, which proves that state-owned capital may support long-term research & development investment and technological innovation, and workable competition situation between demand and supply may urge enterprises improve operations. The ratio of manufacturing export-import and foreign capital proportion, industry concentration degree and tax rate imposes negative impact on manufacturing development quality,which reveals that in the past period the manufacturing export-import and foreign capital lead manufacture industry relying heavily on technical parts and capital abroad, and that industry concentration degree upgrading and tax ratio rising reduce the industrial effective competition and discourage business initiatives.
According to the analysis results above, policy suggestions are that advancing domestic R&D investment and human capital which is the most important active elements to promote technological innovation & progress and improve business performance, that strengthening the pillar position of state-owned capital in technological catching up and talent cultivation to conquer core technology autonomously because the characteristic of state-owned may guarantee the R&D willpower to overcome key core technology which needs large volume and long-term investment, that reducing dependence on foreign technology and key components & parts gradually by strengthening R&D, that improving the level of technology and added-value of manufacturing export products, and saving energy and reducing emission by increasing green technology R&D to upgrade manufacturing development quality on basis of the promotion of technology and efficiency. 相似文献
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This paper provides fresh empirical evidence on technological innovation in the service sector, and highlights major similarities and differences with manufacturing. The main findings are the following. Technological innovation is quite a diffused and variegated phenomenon in market services. Engineering, technical consultancy, computing and software emerge as the most innovative sectors. Innovation expenditure per employee in these industries is rather close to the manufacturing average. Service firms as well as the manufacturing ones rely on a wide range of innovation sources. The acquisition and development of software and investment in machinery are the most cited. Investment, R&D and software are the major components of firms' innovation expenditure. Both in services and manufacturing the most important objective of firms' innovation strategies consist of improving service/product quality, increasing market shares and reducing production costs. Major obstacles for introducing technological innovation in services, as well as in manufacturing, are of an economic nature—i.e. lack of appropriate sources of finance and cost of innovation too high. Technological information is drawn mainly from in-house production departments as well as from outside suppliers of equipment, clients and customers. Again this is a pattern which is quite similar to the one found in the manufacturing sector. Finally, in the near future the importance of technology for firms' performance is expected to increase in all service industries. Overall, service and manufacturing sectors show more similarities than differences with respect to some basic dimensions of innovation processes. 相似文献
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质量能力与技术创新都是建立企业竞争优势的关键,但在理论中缺乏其相关性的定量实证研究,在实践中也往往割裂看待。本文提出企业四大质量能力定义和定量指标;根据北京市168家制造企业的调查数据,基于质量升级视角,使用三分位数法将企业划分为低、中、高三类质量能力;采用三阶段DEA模型探究低、中、高三种质量能力的技术创新效率的异质性。结果表明：质量能力升级对于企业技术创新效率存在显著促进作用,质量能力的升级必然带来技术创新效率的提升;环境影响因素中劳动者受教育程度对企业技术创新效率有显著的正向影响,成立年限对企业技术创新效率有显著的负向影响;低质量能力制约了企业的技术创新效率,技术创新规模不合理也是导致企业技术创新效率低下的重要原因。本研究不仅丰富了企业核心能力与企业创新等领域的研究空间;同时也为企业通过积极实施全面质量管理,不断提升质量能力,进而促进企业技术创新竞争优势提供了参考;并为政府将企业微观质量能力升级作为带动技术创新提供了充分论证。 相似文献
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中国缺少像德国汉诺威工业博览会那样能够全面反映中国科技创新、制造业和新经济成果,特别是能够引领世界产业发展方向的博览会。"雄安世界创新发展博览会"聚焦于科技创新、数字经济、智能制造、绿色制造、服务型制造等新产业革命前沿与高端制造业发展主题,旨在向国际社会展示我国科技创新、高端制造业和新经济发展的成果,宣传我国科技创新和产业发展的理念,加强我国科技和产业标准、技术路线的引领,扩大中国制造、中国解决方案的国际影响。筹划创办"雄安世界创新发展博览会"无论对于中国制造迈向中高端还是对于雄安新区建设都具有重大意义,符合雄安新区的发展定位,有成功的国内外经验可供借鉴,应从规划、建设、组织、宣传、产业发展等方面加以统筹谋划。 相似文献