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1.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):357-372
Virtually everywhere, there is governmental interest in developing and using science and technology as a tool for economic development and other public purposes. States within the United States look to advance vis-à-vis other states, just as nations seek to rise in competitiveness. What institutional mechanisms work? What research and other strategies are effective? The Georgia Research Alliance (GRA) represents an important model that appears successful. During the 1990s, key business executives, university presidents, and state government forged a research partnership - GRA. A non-profit entity, GRA played a catalytic role in getting state government, industry, and universities in a specific region to work in concert to hire scientific luminaries, attract federal research funds, and translate research into economic development. The dynamics of this catalytic entity are discussed using a life-cycle model of organizational development. 相似文献
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基于2000-2015年中国大中型企业制造业和高技术产业数据,运用多元线性回归和交叉相关分析方法,实证分析政府资金、企业资金对企业基础研究和产业发展的阶段性影响。研究发现：政府资金、企业资金对近期企业基础研究具有显著负向的影响,但政府资金投入对6年后的企业基础研究具有显著正向的影响;当期企业基础研究对促进产业发展具有显著负向的影响,但当期企业基础研究6年后对促进产业发展具有显著正向的影响。无论技术开发阶段还是成果转化阶段,政府资金和企业资金对企业基础研究和产业发展都呈现相同的影响,且政府和企业对基础研究的投入更青睐于短期见效,定位趋同容易引发挤出效应。因此,政府科技资源配置需要定位更长远的目标、关注产业创新能力的整体提升,分阶段对企业研发活动进行竞争性资助,避免替代企业投入,更多地引导企业加大基础研究投入,更有效地发挥企业的技术创新主体作用。 相似文献
3.
David J. Phillips 《The Information Society》1996,12(1):39-62
This article is an account of a Usenet newsgroup whose participants, in response to a perceived 'invasion' of 'barbarians,' explored and articulated the value of the group, the nature of the crisis facing it, and the strategies available to meet the crisis. The newsgroup facilitated political and personal support for some gay, lesbian, or bisexual men and women. The primary threat to the group was the increasing number of newcomers who were oblivious to established norms, who tended to view access to the group as a commodity, and who attempted to impose 'outside' paradigms on the operations of the group. Defensive strategies involved calling on rhetorical devices (such as flaming or ostracism) or structural resources (such as employers, network operators, or lawsuits). All strategies had the potential to backfire, but rhetorical strategies were less risky, more available, and more community affirming than strategies requiring access to structural resources. Through this account, the article addresses the mutual linkages and dependencies between the social and technical organization of computer-mediated communication (CMC) networks, the community-building activities taking place through those networks, and the social, legal, and economic structures in which those networks are embedded. 相似文献
4.
政府在RD链条各阶段的资金投入分配比例,应立足于政府资金在各阶段的投入产出效率以及与企业资金的效率比较。本文基于2009-2013年省级面板数据的计量分析结果表明:政府资金的投入产出效率从高到低依次为基础研究、应用研究、试验发展,企业资金的投入产出效率与政府完全相反;在基础研究和应用研究阶段,政府资金的投入产出效率显著高于企业资金,而在试验发展阶段,政府资金的投入产出效率显著低于企业资金。因此,按照效率优先原则,我国政府应大幅增加对基础研究和应用研究的资金投入,降低对试验发展的资金投入比例,并选择能够产生对企业资金投入产生刺激效应的试验发展领域进行集中式投入。 相似文献
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21世纪技术创新已成为加速国民经济发展,提高核心竞争力和实施可持续发展战略的重要手段。各国政府纷纷采取相应对策,引导、促进本国的技术创新。他山之石,可以攻玉。我们从理论上阐述政府干预技术创新的必要性,重点对西方国家政府干预技术创新的手段进行分析,揭示其共性和成功经验,从而为现阶段我国政府在技术创新中如何进行有效干预提供有益启示。 相似文献
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近年来,日本、韩国和法国政府相继设立主权专利基金,预示着专利交易市场的竞争模式进入全新的发展阶段。主权专利基金在扶持国内产业参与国际竞争方面具有积极意义,但也可能演变为一种潜在的贸易防御措施,并激发新一轮的全球专利竞赛。实践中,我国政府也开启了主权专利基金运营的初步探索。从完善路径来看,需要对主权专利基金的市场运营予以应对:一是优化我国专利交易运营市场体系;二是加强政府与社会资本合作;三是提高专利诉讼风险防范能力;四是深化各国主权专利基金之间的合作交流。 相似文献
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本文详细介绍了下一代网络技术（NGN）产生的背景、NGN的定义、NGN的基本架构和功能及其研究重点,分析了国际上NGN的发展动态,阐述了国内NGN的研究现状。 相似文献
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公共图书馆是国家和政府为了保障公民的信息获取权利而设立的专门机构,是一种社会信息获取权的保障制度。笔者尝试建立一套我国公共图书馆公众获取权保障机制,主要包括管理体制、结构布局、经费、法律、人才、服务评价几个方面,来保障公共图书馆真正公平地为公众提供信息服务,充分发挥信息获取权保障制度的优越性。 相似文献
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Our objectives for this article are twofold: first, to examine the convergence of nations with regard to ICT access; and second, to see whether countries in the same continental region (South and East Asia, West and Middle East Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania) or having same initial ICT access have coalesced into groups. We constructed an ICT access index using three indicators (mobile phone, Internet, and broadband use per 100 population) for a sample of 198 nations for the 16-year period from 2000 to 2015. Results show that digital divide has declined in relative terms, but not in absolute terms. The countries, starting at lower ICT levels, are not adopting ICT faster than the leaders. Continental region-wise analysis also shows that the catch-up is maximum for already developed countries, and minimum for countries in African and Oceania continental regions. 相似文献
11.
Fostering entrepreneurship: Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong
Ka Ho Mok 《Research Policy》2005,34(4):537-554
The rise of the knowledge economy has generated new global infrastructures with information technology playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. The popularity and prominence of information technology not only changes the nature of knowledge but also restructures higher education, research and learning. It is in such a wider policy context that an increasing number of institutions of higher learning are being established with new missions and innovative configurations of training, serving populations that previously had little access to higher education. Apart from accommodating a larger number of students, higher education institutions are required to improve their administrative efficiency and accountability in response to the demands of different stakeholders like government, business, industry, and labour organizations, as well as students and parents. The present article sets out in this wider context to examine how and what strategies universities in Hong Kong have adopted to promote entrepreneurial spirit and practices by encouraging academic staff to venture in industrial, business and commercial fields. In addition, this article examines how universities in Hong Kong reform their curricula to make students more creative, innovative and international. More specifically, this article reflects upon the role of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR, hereafter) in promoting entrepreneurship, with particular reference to the interactions between the government, the private sector and the tertiary education sector in promoting a vibrant and dynamic economy. 相似文献
12.
Anuj Singla Inderpreet Singh Ahuja Amanpreet Singh Sethi 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(2):142-158
The main objective of study is to estimate and extract various significant Demand Pull (DP) practices influencing Sustainable Development in Indian manufacturing industries. The study critically examines the effectiveness of DP strategies in manufacturing enterprises. An extensive survey of 92 companies has been executed for this study, to identify improvements made by DP practices to achieve sustainable development in manufacturing industries. The companies in the survey include medium- and large-scale manufacturing enterprises. The correlations between various DP practices and sustainable development parameters are evaluated and validated using various numerical methods and tools. The focus of the paper is on the distinguishable contributions made by DP practices like stringent implementation of government regulations, transforming capabilities, unionized labor and customer attributes towards achieving sustainable development in manufacturing industries. The inter-relationships between different DP practices with sustainable development parameters have been evaluated, to efficiently manage the objectives of sustainability and growth. However, it is also acknowledged that manufacturing enterprises need to work more actively on managing certain practices of DP. In the present study the contributions of DP practices are investigated to accomplish sustainable development in manufacturing industries. Though, issue-wise independent examination can also be organized to compute the effectiveness of DP strategies towards achieving sustainable development and quality under specific orientations. The research gives priority to enhancement in planning among various DP practices and sustainable development indicators in the industries, to impart DP as an important practice to meet the challenges of competent markets worldwide. It has been exhibited from the observations that adequate DP strategies can efficiently contribute towards recognition of sustainable development to compete in the highly progressive global market. The results of various inter-relationships among DP practices and sustainable development parameters represent the effectiveness of DP practices for accomplishment of social as well as organizational objectives. The paper examines that DP practices are significant initiatives employed by the manufacturing organizations for performance improvement and sustainable development. The paper peeks into the study to find out DP issues that need to be assessed efficiently by companies to avail the benefits of sustainable development to meet the challenges posed by international markets. 相似文献
13.
欠发达地区资金短缺的成因及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
资金短缺是欠发达地区经济发展的主要瓶颈.本文就我国欠发达地区资金短缺的主要原因进行了分析,并提出了树立科学发展观、加快金融改革、发展特色产业、提高资金增值率等诸多对策. 相似文献
14.
University spin-out companies and venture capital 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The creation of university spin-out companies that create wealth is a major policy objective of governments and universities. Finance is a catalyst of this wealth creation yet access to venture capital is a major impediment faced by these companies. In this article we adopt a finance pecking order perspective to examine the problems faced by those university spin-out companies seeking to access venture capital. We triangulate evidence from spin-out companies, university technology transfer offices and venture capital firms in the UK and Continental Europe to identify the problems and to suggest policy developments for these parties as well as government. We compare perceptions of high-tech venture capital firms that invest in spin-outs with those that do not, and also consider VCs’ views on spin-outs versus other high-tech firms. Our evidence identifies a mismatch between the demand and supply side of the market. In line with the pecking order theory, venture capitalists prefer to invest after the seed stage. However, in contrast to the pecking order theory, TTOs see venture capital as more important than internal funds early on. We develop policy implications for universities, technology transfer offices, academic entrepreneurs, venture capital firms and government and suggest areas for further research. 相似文献
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基于政府对医药产业R&D的资金投入和人力资源引导作用,采用面板数据分析方法,对医药产业R&D绩效与政府科技引导性政策的关联性进行分析。政府资金资助和人力资源战略将提高医药企业申报专利的积极性;政府融资担保和直接资助将促进企业研发投入。 相似文献
16.
The implementation of digital contact tracing applications around the world to help reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the most ambitious uses of massive-scale citizen data ever attempted. There is major divergence among nations, however, between a “privacy-first” approach which protects citizens’ data at the cost of extremely limited access for public health authorities and researchers, and a “data-first” approach which stores large amounts of data which, while of immeasurable value to epidemiologists and other researchers, may significantly intrude upon citizens’ privacy. The lack of a consensus on privacy protection in the contact tracing process creates risks of non-compliance or deliberate obfuscation from citizens who fear revealing private aspects of their lives – a factor greatly exacerbated by recent major scandals over online privacy and the illicit use of citizens’ digital information, which have heightened public consciousness of these issues and created significant new challenges for any collection of large-scale public data. While digital contact tracing for COVID-19 remains in its infancy, the lack of consensus around best practices for its implementation and for reassuring citizens of the protection of their privacy may already have impeded its capacity to contribute to the pandemic response. 相似文献
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美国国家实验室治理机制研究———以能源部国家实验室为例 《科学学研究》2022,40(9):1668-1677
美国联邦政府资助科学发展的基本模式包括以国家实验室系统为主的集中管理和资助模式，和以科学基金为主的自由探索科学研究资助模式。国家实验室系统是联邦政府资助科学的主要渠道，国家实验室以任务导向研究为主，服务国家需求为目的。大部分国家实验室采用“政府所有、合同运营”治理模式，主要涉及联邦主管机构、国家实验室和合同承包商三方主体间关系。国家实验室的管理制度是围绕联邦主管部门的监管要求及研究任务开展的需求进行设计的，核心制度（以能源部为例）包括财政资金的拨付及资助形式、实验室战略与联邦主管机构的协同、M&O合同机制、承包商PEMP绩效考核机制、承包商保证系统制度设立以及监管部门的评估问责制度。 相似文献
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对国内外政府引导基金的发展研究进行系统性综述,从设立动机、发展模式和投资结果三方面进行梳理,运用CiteSpace对检索到的国内外文献进行比较分析。研究结果表明:国内关于政府引导基金的研究在文献数量、共现强度等方面均与国外存在一定差异,尚未形成明确的研究聚类;目前政府引导基金的研究热点和前沿已从数量规模分析转为基金质量绩效评价,特别是对基金质量的多角度综合绩效考量。基于此,进一步对综合考虑政府引导基金多种绩效的前沿研究方向进行展望分析,通过构建多目标投资组合选择模型,为政府引导基金提供综合考虑经济绩效、创新绩效和社会绩效的投资决策机制,以解决社会资本和政府资本投资目标不一致而产生的矛盾,进而达到吸引社会资本、优化基金结构、提高综合投资效益的目的。 相似文献
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本文针对地区NGN网络的工程情况,结合通信网络安全技术理论知识,对现有NGN网络的安全性进行了工程分析,在此基础上,提出了一种NGN网络终端认证的实施方案,有效地提升了NGN网络的安全特性,最后对基于地区的NGN网络安全技术方案提出了工程设计建议。 相似文献
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国家大力推广政府和社会资本合作模式,汇聚社会力量增加公共产品和服务供给,要求各地方以改革创新盘活存量资金,以竞争择优选择包括民营和国有企业在内的社会资本,并依据绩效评价给予合理回报。而部分地方项目PPP合作模式探索过程中,合作方受各自利益驱使谈判进程缓慢导致实质性进展不高,研究通过D县产业园区为案例,分析PPP模式下政府、企业以及资本方在合作过程中的主体行为选择,剖析主体行为变异带来的合作困境导致了项目破产,并从契约、设计、法律、风险等方面提出推动PPP模式发展的政策性建议。 相似文献