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1.
Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities. 相似文献
2.
以中日两国2000~2006年间数百家电气器材和纺织服装纤维行业的上市公司为样本,针对企业运营、企业效率与企业绩效之间的联结关系进行了比较经验研究。首先,运用DEA模型对两国上市公司进行了企业效率评价。其次,在控制企业规模、资本结构和公司治理等因素下,运用面板数据随机效应模型估计了企业效率对企业绩效的影响效果,并发现这二者之间基本上有显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
3.
The power of integrality: Linkages between product architecture, innovation, and industry structure 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A substantial literature stream suggests that many products are becoming more modular over time, and that this development is often associated with a change in industry structure towards higher degrees of specialization. These developments can have strong implications for an industry's competition as the history of the PC industry illustrates. To add to our understanding of the linkages between product architecture, innovation, and industry structure we develop detailed product architecture measurements based on a previously proposed method [Fixson, S.K., 2005. Product architecture assessment: a tool to link product, process, and supply chain design decisions. Journal of Operations Management 23 (3/4), 345-369] and study an unusual case in which a firm - through decreasing its product modularity - turned its formerly competitive industry into a near-monopoly. Using this case study we explore how existing theories on modularity explain the observed phenomenon, and show that most consider technological change in rather long-term dimensions, and tend to focus on efficiency-related arguments to explain the resulting forces on competition. We add three critical aspects to the theory that connects technological change and industry dynamics. First, we suggest integrating as a new design operator to explain product architecture genesis. Second, we argue that a finer-grained analysis of the product architecture shows the existence of multiple linkages between product architecture and industry structure, and that these different linkages help explain the observed intra-industry heterogeneity across firms. Third, we propose that the firm boundary choice can also be a pre-condition of the origin of architectural innovation, not only an outcome of efficiency considerations. 相似文献
4.
本文结合我国现阶段情况,将食品加工业、饮料制造业、纺织业、造纸及纸制品业、化学原料及制品制造业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业、普通机械制造业、烟草加工业、石油加工及炼焦业、橡胶制品业、塑料制品业、非金属矿物制品业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业和金属制品业等14个行业作为一个整体,研究了我国传统制造业长期难以转变增长方式的主要成因。本文认为我国传统制造业长期粗放增长有五大成因,即各级政府经济发展理念陈旧;产业技术普遍落后,技术创新匮乏;企业管理与产业组织落后;部分行业生产能力严重过剩加剧了企业的低层次竞争;中央政府的政策规制和宏观调节乏力。 相似文献
5.
How do intellectual propriety rights (IPRs) help firms profit from their innovation? Innovation literature frequently turns to patents to measure innovative IPR, but more recent work shifts focus to the other side of IPR, namely, trademarks. This article therefore discusses the effects of trademark strategies when companies decide to introduce their product portfolios in a new foreign market. Entrants might opt for a common trademark across different country markets (integration) or use several country-specific trademarks (responsiveness). This empirical study exploits the quasi-natural experiment created by the tariff shock that affected Spain when it joined the European Union in the 1990s. Data from the automotive industry reveal how non-European companies that already operated in other European countries sought to enter Spain rapidly, using various trademark strategies. The product portfolio characteristics are fixed at entry, so this study can specify how and when trademark responsiveness versus integration affects firm performance. The results reveal that trademark responsiveness increases firm performance if the firms suffer high liabilities of foreignness or newness. 相似文献
6.
规模、R&D与绩效:对我国软件产业的实证分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文在国家统计局公布的2002年度我国软件开发企业统计资料和我们所收集的杭州软件企业数据基础上,对中国软件产业是否存在着可观测的规模效应、中国软件产业研究开发(R&D)活动对绩效是否存在着一致性的正向影响这两个问题进行了实证研究。研究表明,就规模对企业绩效的影响而言,企业规模对于产出率存在着一致性的正向影响,但对于利润率却未表现出显著相关性;在研发强度对企业绩效的影响上,我们发现研发强度对利润率存在着显著性的负向影响,并且在一定程度上对于产出率也存在着负向影响。在此基础上,我们就这些发现的政策含义进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
产业扶持政策是否是实现后进国家产业技术水平赶超的有效手段,理论界一直存在争论.通过构建一个在开放条件下存在技术品质差异的三阶段企业竞争博弈模型,分析产业政策与东道国企业技术路线选择之间的关系,进而对产业政策的有效性进行分析.结果发现.市场占有率与消费者的消费偏好有关,而与所生产产品的技术品质无关;产品技术品质差的扩大(缩小)将会提高(减弱)竞争均衡时的厂商定价能力,从而提升(降低)竞争均衡时厂商产品的均衡价格;厂商产品的技术路线选择取决于国外厂商品质水平;政府财政补贴影响企业技术路线的选择,不同财政补贴率直接影响企业选择不同的技术品质水平;产业补贴政策存在一个有效区间.在该有效区间,政府的产业补贴政策可以提高企业的研发积极性,但政府的最优财政补贴率与国外产品的技术品质水平有关. 相似文献
8.
本文以2000-2006年间纺织服装纤维制品这一竞争性行业内上市公司为样本,对企业技术效率与盈利性的相关性进行了两阶段式实证分析。首先,运用SFA和DEA两种模型分别测算和比较了中日两国纺织服装纤维制品上市公司的技术效率状态。其次,就中日企业两个样本分别运用面板数据模型检验了企业技术效率、企业规模、资本结构与股权结构等因素对企业盈利性的影响。结果表明,无论基于何种评价模型,企业技术效率与盈利性之间均有显著、稳定和重要的正相关性。 相似文献
9.
Margherita Russo 《Research Policy》1985,14(6):329-343
This paper considers two aspects of technical change in the ceramic tile industry in Italy: firstly, the process of invention, adoption and diffusion of new techniques in the industry; secondly, the impact of forces of a technical nature in shaping the industrial structure.The process of technical change is examined in the light of the interrelationships between firms and their proximity. These are crucial elements characterizing an “industrial district”, whose boundaries go beyond the industry defined on a product basis. The industrial district is adopted as unit of analysis of the process of technical change. Moreover, economic, social and institutional features are considered. In this context the historical developments of new techniques are discussed in terms of the constraints to the established position of the firm at a particular time.Among the determinants of the ceramic tile industrial structure, economies of scale have had a minor role. The pattern of vertical disintegration we observe in the industry is - instead - closely related to the technical developments in the industry through the effects of technical change on the product and process specialization of the production units operating in the industrial district. 相似文献
10.
核心企业主导下传统产业集群和高技术产业集群协同创新网络比较——基于多案例研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从核心企业的视角出发,选择张江生物制药产业集群、中关村电子信息产业集群、柳市低压电器产业集群、顺德家电产业集群等4个典型案例,研究传统产业集群和高技术产业集群形成的协同创新网络的异同。从网络成员、网络结构和互动行为三个方面进行比较和分析,得出核心企业主导下的传统产业集群与高技术产业集群在协同创新的范围与程度两方面存在差异,并揭示了造成两类产业集群协同创新行为差异的原因。 相似文献
11.
While much research has been directed at the variables critical to successful R&D of new products on the one hand and high-technology products on the other, much less work has been directed at those factors crucial to the success of these products when the firm enters the international marketplace. This study surveys Finnish high-technology firms and variables related to the properties of the company and their association with successful versus unsuccessful attempts to enter the international marketplace. Relationship between firm characteristics – type of industry, size of the company, background of key personnel, export intensity and experience in product launches – and success/failure in the product launches is investigated. The generalizability of the findings is also discussed. 相似文献
12.
本文基于反射法测算了中国制造业出口企业能力积累指标,依据测算结果展示了中国微观企业能力积累的差异与分布情况,并以2000-2006年工业企业数据库与海关数据库的微观数据为样本,构建实证模型考察了企业研发投资、能力积累与全要素生产率提升之间的关系。结果发现：企业研发与能力积累都有助于全要素生产率提高,中国企业在总体上表现出了产品创新生产模式的特点;对于异质性企业样本估计结果,非国有企业与税收优惠企业表现出产品创新生产模式的特点,国有企业与补贴企业表现出过程创新生产模式的特点;中国在高技术行业与中高技术行业尚未表现在出产品创新模式的特征。中国应减少选择性产业政策,采用更具普惠性的税收优惠政策,更好的发挥市场竞争作用,激励企业的产品创新模式与生产率水平提高。 相似文献
13.
摘要：技术融合是产业融合的重要标志,对引导重大颠覆性技术创新和新产品开发具有非常重要的推动作用。在技术高速发展的动荡环境下,分析互补性技术融合、替代性技术融合与企业新产品开发绩效之间的关系。利用我国汽车产业343家新能源汽车企业新产品和专利数据,采用负二项固定效应回归模型进行实证研究发现：替代性技术融合有利于促进企业开发更多新产品,而互补性技术融合与企业新产品开发绩效呈倒U型关系。同时,技术动荡性负向调节互补性技术融合与企业新产品开发绩效之间的正向关系,但技术动荡性对替代性技术融合与企业新产品开发绩效之间关系的调节效应不显著。 相似文献
14.
国际技术创新研究前沿领域的知识图谱分析——作者共被引网络与聚类分析视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用最新可视化技术与科学计量学方法,绘制当代国际技术创新研究作者共被引知识图谱,从中探析其存在8个主要研究前沿领域,并且确定了其研究主题,即“基于演化视角的国家与产业创新系统”、“企业及产业的内生技术创新”、“基于演化视角的产业及企业创新与其成长”、“基于演化视角的产业及企业创新与知识管理的关系”、“创新与知识溢出”、“开放式创新范式下的产业及企业研发与其成长”、“产品创新绩效与知识管理的关系”、“基于动态能力的产业及企业创新与组织环境的关系”等。 相似文献
15.
从创业资本与新创企业成长性间的关系出发,以创意产业中的广告业作为主要研究对象,在Mirjamvan Praag(2003)提出的新创企业成长模型的基础上,结合广告业的资源依赖方式,将人力资本和社会资本这两类无形资本(intangible resources)引入模型,分别分析人力资本和社会资本对广告业新创企业成长性的影响。研究结果表明,无形创业资本能够有效促进创意产业的成长,在企业成长的不同阶段,不同资本的作用效果不同;并发现,人力资本对于广告业新创企业的业绩增长具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
软件产业发展的若干问题探讨——对中外软件产业的比较性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对美国、印度、日本、以色列、爱尔兰、中国软件产业的比较性分析,结合对杭州软件产业的实证分析,对我国软件产业发展面临的若干问题进行探讨。我国软件产业目前存在着企业规模普遍偏小、产出率偏低的问题,因此在推进我国软件产业发展的过程中,一个重要的政策指向就是在推动本国软件产业集群式发展的同时,积极扶持规模化的本土领先软件企业,以充分利用软件产业规模所带来的经济利益。与此同时,可以也必须采取本国市场与出口导向并重的产业发展策略。在此过程中,不能将制造业的产业政策经验简单地直接应用于软件产业发展上,而需要依据软件产业发展的自身特点来有针对性地实施相关的产业扶持和引导政策。 相似文献
17.
探索创新型企业文化对技术创新能力(产品与工艺创新能力)与企业绩效的影响以及技术创新能力在创新型文化与企业绩效之间的中介作用,并考察了资产专用性对创新型文化与技术创新能力的调节作用。以我国164家企业为样本,以企业规模和年限为控制变量,构建理论模型并进行检验;结果表明:鼓励和容忍的文化对企业技术创新能力具有正向影响;自由文化对企业工艺创新能力的正向影响显著。技术创新能力在创新型文化对企业绩效的影响之间起到中介作用。当资产专用性中等时,鼓励和容忍对企业产品创新能力的正向作用要大于资产专用性低或高时;自由对企业产品创新能力的正向作用在资产专用性中等时却要小于资产专用性低或高时。 相似文献
18.
A common situation in product development is that of product failure and the need for re-launch. This paper presents findings regarding how one firm successfully re-launched a product through the ex-post development of a user network. The producer, Biacore, had to re-launch its biosensor product or lose a €50 million investment. The firm identified and interacted with multiple potential lead-users in order to generate new use applications. The firm benefited from the successful development of a set of new applications, innovative users, and sales. As sales of the product increased, Biacore created marketing channels as diffusion mechanisms for the encouragement of direct and indirect user-to-user interaction. These were a way to spread the costs of user support when the firm standardised how it interacted with users. Some follower-users were able to benefit from lead-users who became lead teachers; other follower-users became non-users of the product. This paper illustrates three main roles for the firm in developing a user network: creating lead-users, organising directed applications development and facilitating user-to-user interaction. 相似文献
19.
供应链风险问题日益凸显,相关研究刚刚起步。本文基于对中国制造企业调研的176份数据,利用层析回归分析的方法,研究基于不确定性的供应链运作风险对企业竞争能力及绩效的影响。研究结果表明,基于不确定性的供应链运作风险对企业竞争能力并非完全是负面影响(供应风险负向影响产品质量、交付可靠以及流程柔性三种竞争能力,需求风险则促进企业提高产品质量和交付可靠,技术风险促使企业提升流程柔性);同时,流程柔性可以直接促进运作绩效和财务绩效,而产品质量和交付可靠则是通过运作绩效来间接提升财务绩效。 相似文献
20.
Dan Breznitz 《Research Policy》2007,36(9):1465-1482
The Israeli software industry has been an indisputable success since the 1990s. This paper utilizes the development of the Israeli industry to empirically explore the argument of the horizontal technology policies (HTP) framework on the impact of neutral science and technology policies on industrial development. The paper micro-analyzes the Israeli software industry and compares its unique historical development pattern with other emerging countries. It describes (1) the rise of this industry as one outcome of the development of the entire IT industry in Israel; (2) the reasons behind the industry's ability to conduct and focus on intensive R&D activities; (3) the industry's success in becoming an integral part of the American financial and IT industrial sector. It argues that only by understanding the intricate co-evolution of state-industry relations and the specific HTP regime employed in Israel can we understand the current behavior, conditions, business models, and capability of the industry. Therefore, the argument is that Israel's industrial science and technology developmental agencies did not aim at creating a software industry, but rather at the development of novel products R&D-based industry. However, the software industry has been significantly influenced throughout its development by the specific system of innovation which these policies fostered. Thus, the paper argues that public policy is one of the main reasons why the industry has focused almost entirely on product R&D activities. In addition, the paper suggests that the state's science and technology industrial policy has propelled the industry into its intimate relationship with the American financial sector. 相似文献