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《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104807
Defense R&D represents the largest component of US public R&D spending and historically has promoted a wide range of civilian innovations. However, the empirical evidence on the impact of defense R&D is scant and it does not provide conclusive results on the possible crowding-in (-out) effects on private R&D investment. Exploiting a longitudinal dataset linking public R&D obligations to private R&D expenditures for US states, we investigate the impact of defense R&D on privately-financed R&D. To address potential endogeneity in the allocation of funds, we use an instrumental variable identification strategy leveraging the differential exposure of US states to national shocks in federal military R&D. We document considerable crowding-in effects with elasticities in the 0.11–0.14 range. These positive effects extend also to the labor market, when focusing on employment in selected R&D intensive industries and especially for engineers. 相似文献
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What determines knowledge sourcing from host locations of overseas R&D operations? We investigate factors that influence the extent to which overseas R&D laboratories source knowledge from host locations. Drawing on both the capabilities perspective and the embeddedness perspective, we have developed a conceptual model and then examined it empirically focusing on overseas R&D labs of Japanese multinationals. Statistical findings from negative binomial regressions show that both technological capabilities of the lab and external embeddedness in the local scientific and engineering communities matter. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2013,42(10):1780-1792
It is well known that not all innovations are patented, but the exact volume of innovative activities undertaken outside the coverage of patent protection and, relatedly, the actual propensity to patent an innovation in different contexts remain, to a major degree, a matter of speculation. This paper presents an exploratory study comparing systematically patented and unpatented innovations over the period 1977–2004 across industrial sectors. The main data source is the ‘R&D 100 Awards’ competition organized by the journal Research and Development. Since 1963, the magazine has been awarding this prize to the 100 most technologically significant new products available for sale or licensing in the year preceding the judgments. We match the products winners of the R&D 100 awards competition with USPTO patents and we examine the variation of patent propensity across different contexts (industries, geographical areas and organizations). Finally we compare our findings with previous assessments of patent propensity based on several sources of data. 相似文献
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运用回归分析法分析了增值税对我国R&D投入的影响,对生产型增值税转变为消费型增值税对企业收益的影响进行了量化分析.在此基础上,提出了我国促进R&D投入的税收政策建议. 相似文献
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R&D项目管理模式的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
加强R&D项目管理对于提高企业的创新能力和获取持续竞争优势具有十分重要的意义。本文首先对RodCoombs等人提出的R&D项目管理审计模型进行了改进,提出R&D项目管理多阶段交互模式,此模式是以获取持续竞争优势为目的的核心能力的培育和提高。然后分析了这些模式并进行实证研究。最后,指出不同目标和环境下的R&D项目管理应遵循不同模式,并且要从长远的角度对这些模式进行权衡、匹配和整合。 相似文献
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This paper establishes an impact factor model among government R&D input, enterprise R&D input and IPRP in China. It uses data from 1992 to 2012 for regression analysis and finds that government R&D input in enterprises, institutions and universities has a leverage effect on enterprise R&D input, although the leverage effect caused by government R&D input in universities is not prominent, and proper IPRP can promote Chinese enterprise R&D input. The further Granger causality test shows that IPRP produced structural changes in Chinese enterprise R&D input in approximately 2002, and its leverage effect reached 0.147, which is double the previous effect and exceeds the leverage effect caused by government R&D in institutions and in universities. The findings verify that IPRP is the source of power for promoting Chinese enterprises’ technology innovation. 相似文献
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This paper analyzes how founders and their families influence R&D intensity. Information on R&D comes from a large-scale, bi-annual survey among listed German firms. We find that R&D intensity is higher in firms that are actively managed by the family. The impact of family control (via voting rights) is negative, but mostly not significant. While this negative family control effect is in line with hitherto existing literature, the positive impact of family management is surprising. Indeed, this positive effect disappears if we follow previous research and use R&D information from financial statements. We show that this puzzling result is related to corporate opacity. Opaque family managed firms report too conservative R&D expenditures, especially if they face financial constraints. This leads to an under-estimation of R&D intensity in these firms if accounting figures are used. 相似文献
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David C. Mowery 《Research Policy》2012,41(10):1703-1715
National defense represents a significant share of most OECD governments’ R&D budgets and an even higher share of their mission-oriented R&D spending. This public R&D investment has focused on research and innovation supporting defense missions, and in many cases the military services of these governments have purchased weapons systems incorporating the resulting technologies. Defense-related R&D investment has influenced innovation in the broader civilian economy of several OECD nations, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The scope and nature of this influence remains uncertain and subject to considerable debate. Nonetheless, policymakers throughout the industrialized economies have expressed interest in “applying the lessons” of defense-related and other mission-oriented R&D programs to such challenges as climate change. This paper examines the characteristics of defense-related mission R&D programs in the industrial economies, with particular attention to the subset of nations for which reliable longitudinal data on defense R&D spending are available. I highlight the characteristics that distinguish mission-oriented R&D in this field from mission-oriented R&D in other sectors and to point out some significant differences among OECD economies in the structure of their defense-related R&D programs. The discussion also emphasizes the ways in which the unique structure of defense-related R&D limit its utility as a model for mission-oriented R&D programs aimed at other goals. 相似文献
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RD(Research and Development)指在科学技术领域,为增加知识总量以及运用这些知识去创造新的应用而进行的系统的、创造性的活动,包括基础研究、应用研究、试验发展三类活动。RD投入的增加不仅可以提高该产业的技术进步,还有助于其他相关产业劳动生产率的提高,进而可以提升一个区域的整体经济产出水平。文章对RD投入对孝感市经济发展的影响进行分析,并对其问题和今后的发展进行分析。 相似文献
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利用中国按省份、年份划分的面板数据和计量分析方法,研究人力资本、国外R&D溢出对高技术产业聚集的影响.结果显示,人力资本存量和研发能力及外资的技术溢出效应是影响高技术产业聚集的重要因素.基于以上的分析,我国应进一步强化和优化人力资本、R&D投资和吸引外资的策略,增强高技术产业的聚集效应. 相似文献
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We analyse 446 location decisions of R&D activities by multinational firms incorporated in the European Union over 1999–2006. Our results suggest that on average, the location probability of a representative R&D foreign affiliate increased with agglomeration economies from foreign R&D activities, human capital, proximity to centres of research excellence and the research and innovation capacity of the region. Further, our evidence suggests that in comparison to European multinational firms, the effects of patents intensity and proximity to centres of research excellence were stronger in the case of North American multinational firms. While government R&D expenditure intensity increased the probability of location of R&D activities by European multinational firms in the region, it did not have a significant effect on the probability of location of R&D activities by North American multinational firms. 相似文献
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This paper explores what factors determine the nature, extent, and location of Japanese multinationals’ R&D activities abroad. Taking advantage of a rich micro-level dataset from the survey on Japanese overseas subsidiaries, the study distinguishes between two types of overseas R&D: basic/applied research and development/design. We find several differences between the determinants of those R&D activities. These differences confirm the view that basic/applied research of overseas subsidiaries aims at the exploitation of foreign advanced knowledge, whereas their development/design activities are mostly influenced by the market size of the host country. Our results provide a convincing and comprehensive explanation of the geographical distribution of overseas R&D by Japanese MNEs. 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to contribute to the empirical literature that evaluates the effects of public R&D support on private R&D investment. We apply a matching approach to analyze the effects of public R&D support in Spanish manufacturing firms. We examine whether or not the effects are different depending on the size of the firm and the technological level of the sectors in which the firms operate. We evaluate the effect of R&D subsidies on the subsidized firms, considering both the effect of subsidies on firms that would have performed R&D in the absence of public support and also the effect of inducement to undertake R&D activities. We also analyze the effect that concession of subsidies might have on firms which do not enjoy this type of support. The main conclusions indicate absence of “crowding-out”, either full or partial, between public and private spending and that some firms - mainly small and operating in low technology sectors - might not have engaged in R&D activities in the absence of subsidies. 相似文献
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市场结构对企业R&D的激励研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在有专利竞赛与无专利竞赛情形下对市场结构与R&D的关系进行研究。在无专利竞赛下,通过对不同市场结构下企业R&D动力的比较,本文认为竞争性市场结构有利于激励企业的技术创新。当存在专利竞赛时,对静态与动态竞争模型的考察均得到一致的结论,即垄断性企业有更大的动机从事R&D。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]研究政府R&D补贴对企业技术创新的影响效应,对优化政府R&D补贴政策,厘清R&D补贴如何通过创新影响企业持续经营风险具有重要的现实意义。[方法/过程]以政府R&D补贴对企业技术创新影响的国内文献为研究对象,阐述现有国内文献分析政府R&D补贴发展逻辑,政府R&D补贴的前因及其对企业技术创新的影响机制。[结果/结论]鉴于政府R&D补贴与企业R&D投入的影响效应,建议政府调整和优化R&D补贴在企业中的分配结构,提高财政科技经费使用效率,根据企业所处地域、行业有针对性的制定和设计R&D补贴政策,完善R&D补贴的决策机制和资金使用评估机制,提高财政资金的创新绩效。 相似文献
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中小企业是我国经济体量中重要的企业群体,在促进我国经济增长、改善民生方面具有重要作用。但资金规模小、R&D水平低下成为中小企业成长的桎梏。以2016-2020年中小板企业数据为研究样本,实证检验债务结构、R&D与企业成长性的耦合机制及作用机理。研究发现,资产负债率、商业信用筹资率负向影响公司成长性,而流动借款率与企业成长性不相关,企业R&D增强了商业信用筹资率与企业成长性的负向关系,但在资产负债率、流动借款率与企业成长性之间调节效应不显著。 相似文献