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1.
席以珍 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(5):336-343
白头翁属(Pulsatilla Mill．)花粉共有4个萌发孔类型：1．三沟类型; 2．散沟类型;
3．散孔类型; 4．二型花粉类型。各类型之间的演化趋势是：三沟→散沟→散孔类型。外
壁表面具大、小两型小刺和小穿孔。根据外壁表面小刺的粗细和小穿孔的分布，可将本属分
为两个类群，即一类为表面呈波浪状，小刺较粗，基部具垫状隆起，小穿孔分布在隆起之间的低
凹处; 另一群外壁表面平，刺较细，排列稀，小穿孔均匀分布在花粉的表面上。利用透射电镜观
察本属三沟型和散孔型的外壁内部结构是一致的，即都由薄的内层与厚的外层组成。内层在 沟和孔下面均加厚，在沟间区和孔间区变薄。外层包括覆盖层、柱状层和基层。 相似文献
2.
席以珍 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(4):247-252
红豆杉科(Taxaceae)，花粉近球形，有时稍扁或稍长。直径为20．8-45．8μm。具远极 薄壁区，或不典型的乳头状突起。外壁两层，内外层厚度相等，有时层次不明显。在光学显微 镜下，外壁表面粗糙，或具微弱的颗粒状纹饰。在穗花杉(Amentotaxus argotaenia)这个种里，有些花粉粒具残存气囊。在扫描电镜下，外壁表面具粗瘤和细瘤两种纹饰类型。透射电镜本科各属代表种观察表明，本科花粉外壁内层具片状结构，外层由单层瘤状纹饰分子构成，有 些种细瘤连接形成覆盖层。根据花粉形态资料，可将本科植物分为2个族： 白豆杉族(仅包括白豆杉一个属)和红豆杉族(包括红豆杉属和榧树属)。 鉴于穗花杉属花粉的特殊性，建议独立上升为穗花杉科Amentotaxaceae。 相似文献
3.
为了探究罂粟科的系统发育关系,本文测定了绿绒蒿属3个种的matK和rbcL的叶绿体片段,同时结合了GeneBank中14属31种和14属28种的相关序列,利用MEGA6.0以邻接法(NJ法)和最大似然法(ML法)进行系统发育分析。结果表明:(1)在所有样本中,2个叶绿体片段matK和rbcL在红花绿绒蒿、多刺绿绒蒿和久治绿绒蒿中的长度分别为700bp左右、900bp左右。(2)叶绿体片段构建的MP和Bayes系统树基本一致,大致分为2大支,第一分支由角茴香属、荷包牡丹属、荷包藤属、烟堇属、紫堇属和紫金龙属构成;第二分支由绿绒蒿属、罂粟属、蓟罂粟属、博落回属、白屈菜属、荷青花属、秃疮花属和海罂粟属构成。久治绿绒蒿和多刺绿绒蒿具有较近的亲缘关系。 相似文献
4.
在观察大量标本和野外考察的基础上，认为Nannoglottis souliei (Franch．)Ling et Y．L. Chen应作为N．gynura (C．Winkl．)Ling et Y．L. Chen的异名。 相似文献
5.
中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(Ⅱ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(5):386-396
本文是对国产菜蓟族两个属研究的一个小结。一个是蓟属(Cirsium Mill. Ecmend．Scop.)，将全部国产蓟属49种植物分隶排列在8个组中，其中3个组为新成立的组，1个组为新的组合。记载了9个新种，1个新组合种，4个种为中国分布新记录。将过去学者们发表的组、种 及变种等各级上的65个名称处理为新异名，检查出错误鉴定8处，对变异较大的种给予了说明和讨论。另一个是刺膜菊属(Alfredia Cass.)，记载了一个新种。 相似文献
6.
梁元徽 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(4):265-281
本文报道在光学显微镜与扫描电镜下，对中国姜科Zingiberaceae中的2亚科(姜亚科、
闭鞘姜亚科)、3族、18属、89种、3变种植物花粉形态的观察结果。根据萌发孔的有无，将本
科的植物花粉分成两大类型，无萌发孔型和具萌发孔型。根据花粉粒形状、大小及萌发孔的类
型和外壁表面纹饰的不同，在两大类型中又区分为6亚型和2组。在无萌发孔类型中有：光
滑亚型、具刺亚型(内分短刺组和长刺组)、具条纹亚型和具脑皱状-负网状亚型，在具萌发孔类
型中有具沟-孔混合亚型及具散孔亚型。本文从花粉学的观点，对科内某些分类群的划分进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
吴翰 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(3):188-191
本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电镜比较观察了石栗属Aleurites J．R．et G．Forst．一
种和油桐属Vernicia Lour.两种叶的解剖和花粉形态。 前者特点为具刺脊的花粉壁雕纹，表
皮具外气孔缘突和弯曲角质隆凸的气孔周缘，以及粗结节状纹饰，表皮下无皮下层。后者特
点为具瘤网脊的花粉壁雕纹，表皮具角质条纹饰，表皮下具一层皮下层，虽然两者的气孔均为平列型以及花粉均为巴豆型。油桐属Vernicia Lour.很久不被承认，这些微观性状提供了另
一个方面的证据，证明Airy shaw[6]最近又将Vernicia与Aleurites重新分开是正确的。 两属叶片均具有极相似的旱生生态形态，本文称之为圆闪光点orbicular lustrous spot。 相似文献
8.
中国五加科木怱木属一些分类群的订正 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文军 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2000,38(1):1-9
在全面修订五加科木忽木属的基础上．对中国木忽木属几个有问题的种,即A . chinensis L.,A.de-
caisneana Hanece,A．elata(Miq．)Seem．,A．stipulata Franch.,A．dasyphylloides J．Wen,A. thomsonii Seem．
ex Clarke,A.vietnamensis Ha,A．foliolosa(Wall．)Seem.,A．armata(Wall ．ex Don)Seem.,A. finlaysoniana(Walli．ex Don)Seem．和A．debilis J．Wen进行了讨论,井对若于名称作了异名处理。 相似文献
9.
利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物9属61种6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明，该科植物的孢子可分为3种类型：(1)孢子球形，三裂缝；周壁较厚，疏松地包在孢子之外；外壁光滑，表面纹饰由周壁形成，呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外，该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。(2)孢子钝三角形，三裂缝；周壁较薄，由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓，表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。(3)孢子钝三角形，三裂缝，沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰；周壁薄，由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓；具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外，从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。 相似文献
10.
本文从形态地理和细胞学角度对野菊Dendranthema indicum L．和甘菊D．lavandulifolium (Fisch．ex Trautv．)Ling et Shih的形态变异的规律和趋势，形态特征与核型特征的
联系以及野菊和甘菊的系统演化关系进行了研究。结果表明：无论从形态特征或从核型特征看，野菊和甘菊都是多型种，且两者之间没有直接的演化关系；根据对各类群形态特征和核型特征的比较，作者认为，杂交在野菊和甘菊多倍体起源及其核型进化过程中起着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
林有润 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(5):390-392
It is quite unreasonable reducing Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling into
Stilprolepis Krasch. and it is so wrong idea attributing the achenes and cupuliform corolla (as
a matter of fact, the cupuliform corolla is originally from the Stilpnolepis Krasch., not from
Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling) of Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling to “earlier
Development” in the paper published in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 23(6): 470-472. 1985.
In Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling, bracts of capitula herbaceous, obviously floccose
on the abaxial surface and membranaceous only on the margin, corolla of bisexual florets tubu-
lar, achenes oblique, obovoid, and the exine of pollen grains minutespinulate, but in Stilpnole-
pis Krasch., on the contrary, whole bracts membranaceous, glabrous, corolla of hermaphrodite
florets cupuliform or campanulate, achenes long-clavate or fuciform and the exine of pollen grains remarkably spiny. 相似文献
12.
13.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,32(4):365-368
本文对作者本人在1983年《中国植物志》第76卷第一分册12l页上针对川甘亚菊处理过宽的问题，重新作出了订正。本文确认川甘亚菊、灰叶亚菊、深裂亚菊及下白亚菊分别为不同的种，并作出了这四个种的分种检索表。 相似文献
14.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(4):61-71
The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of
the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com-
posite elements.
This small genus with 17 species is divided into 2 sections, namely, section
Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species
and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly
herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is
characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and
unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.
There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the
present paper.
Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its
range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen
that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho-
desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan
region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.
There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of
Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih
is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih
is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence. It is interesting to note
that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred
to as vicarious species. The localization of the species distribution and the obvious
discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra-
phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.
Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of
species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are
distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude. The life forms are micro-
undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very
possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance
of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate
zone of Asia.
With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia
belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling)
Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia,
while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.)
Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn)
Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana
(C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H.
megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H.
delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.
相似文献
15.
紫草科微孔草属及其近缘属花粉形态的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了微孔草属(Microula Benth.)6组16种及其相关的3属6
种植物的花粉，并对微孔草属2种和齿缘草属(Eritrichium Schrad.)2种花粉做了花粉壁超微结构的
研究。微孔草属及其相关的3属花粉为哑铃形，花粉体积很小，最大的为12.18×7.13μm,最小的只
有6.36×3.36μm，具相间排列的三孔沟和三假沟。但他们在赤道部位的缢缩程度、萌发孔特征、表
面纹饰及超微结构有明显的不同。从花粉形态看，微孔草属较原始，且与锚刺果属(Actinocarya Benth.)有较密切关系；齿缘草属具双内孔或单内孔且为异极，为进化类型。 相似文献
16.
本文就壳斗科三棱栎属Trigonobalanus Forman在我国的新分布——三棱栎T．doicha-
ngensis 的花粉作了光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察。从花粉的形状、萌发孔类型及外壁结构看，三棱栎与本科其余各属均不同，在壳斗科中确属一个独特类型。 相似文献
17.
1) The Compositae in Tibet so far known comprise 508 species and 88 genera,
which nearly amounts to one fourth of the total number of genera and one third of the
total number of species of Compositae in all China, if the number of 2290 species and 220
genera have respectively been counted in all China. In Tibet there are all tribes of Com-
positae known in China, and surprisingly, the large tribes in Tibetan Compositae are
also large ones in all China and the small tribes in Tibet are also small ones in all China.
Generally speaking, the large genera in Tibet are also large ones in all China and the
small genera in Tibet are likewise small ones in all China. In this sense it is reasonable to
say that the Compositae flora of Tibet is an epitome of the Compositae flora of all China.
In the Compositae flora of Tibet, there are only 5 large genera each containing 30
species or more. They are Aster, Artemisia, Senecio, Saussurea and Cremanthodium. And
5 genera each containing 10—29 species. They are Erigeron, Anaphalis, Leontopodium,
Ajania, Ligularia and Taraxacum. In addition, there are 77 small genera, namely 87%
of the total of Compositae genera in Tibet, each comprising 1—9 species, such as Aja-niopsis, Cavea and Vernonia, etc.
2) The constituents of Compositae flora in Tibet is very closely related to those of
Sichuan-Yunnan provinces with 59 genera and 250 species in common. Such a situation
is evidently brought about by the geographycal proximity in which the Hengtuang Shan
Range links southeastern and eastern Tibet with northern and northwestern Sichuan-
Ynnnan. With India the Tibetan Compositae have 59 genera and 132 species in common,
also showing close floristic relationships between the two regions. Apparently the floris-
tic exchange of Compositae between Tibet and India is realized by way of the mountain
range of the Himalayas. The mountain range of the Himalayas, including the parallel
ranges, plays a important role as a bridge hereby some members of the Compositae of
western or northern Central Asia and of the northern Africa or of western Asia have
migrated eastwards or southeastwards as far as the southern part of Fibet and northern
part of India, or hereby some Compositae plants of eastern and southeastern Asia or
Asia Media have migrated northwestwards as the northern part of Central Asia.
Some of the species and genera in common to both Tibet and Sinjiang indicate that
this weak floristical relationship between these regions is principally realized through two
migration routes: one migration route is by way of the Himalayas including the parallel
ranges to Pamir Plataeu and Tien Shan, or vice versa. The other migration route is by
way of northern Sinjiang to Mongolia, eastern Inner Mongolia, southwards to Gansu,
Qinghai (or western Sichuan), eastern Tibet up to the Himalayas, or vice versa.
However, Tibet is not entirely situated at a migration crossroad of the floral ele-
ments. An ample amount of the data shows that Compositae flora have a particular
capability of development in Tibet. of the total number of species of Tibetan Com-
positae, 102 species and 1 genus (Ajaniopsis Shih) are endemic. Besides, 8 genera are re-
gional endemics with their range extending to its neighbourhood. The higher percentage
of endemics at specific level than at generic in Tibetan Compositae may be a result of
active speciation in response to the new enviromental conditions created by the uplifting
of the Himalayas. The flora in Tibetan Plateau as a whole appears to be of a younger
age.
3) The uprising of the Himalayas and of the Tibetan Plateau accompanied by the
ultraviolet ray radiation, the microthermal climate and the high wind pressure has, no
doubt, played a profound influence upon the speciation of the native elements of Tibetan
Compositae. The recent speciation is the main trend in the development of the Com-positae flora native in Tibet in the wake of upheaval of the plateau. 相似文献
18.
本文对国产鼠李科鼠李族5属25种的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察，并观察了
乌苏里鼠李的外壁超微结构。根据花粉大小、孔沟交界处四块加厚的程度和所形成的H形明显与否以及纹饰的不同作出了分类检索表，同时根据花粉形态特征认为把鼠李属的裸芽亚属和鳞芽亚属分立成为两个独立的属是比较适宜的。 相似文献
19.
本文作者对国产鼠李科枣族6属19种的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察，根据孔沟交界处四块加厚的程度和所形成的H形明显与否以及纹饰的不同作出了分属检索表。同时根据花粉形态特征讨论了有关属的分类学上的问题。 相似文献
20.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(5):394-417
本文是对中国-喜马拉雅地区的原莴苣属植物提出的分类订正。是笔者前一篇文章《莴苣属订正
及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属》的续篇。文中建立了两个新属，即毛鳞菊属Chaetoseris Shih和细莴苣属Stenoseris Shih；文末及文中提供了本文所涉及的一些属种的分属和分种检索表。 相似文献