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1.
We aim to investigate the association between elevated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in abdominal obesity (AO) women subjects. A total of 428 AO subjects (age 48.4 ± 10.2 years), and 107 non-AO women subjects (age 48.8 ± 11.8 years) were enrolled for the all biochemistry testing, inflammatory cytokines, fasting insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), insulin, HOMA-IR and inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher and lower total antioxidant capacity, HDL-C in AO subjects (p < 0.05). WC was significantly correlated with BP, Glu, TG, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, IL-6 and negative correlation with HDL-C in AO subjects. Elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP and insulin resistance were significantly associated with T2DM in AO subjects, after adjusting with insulin resistance, increased oxidative stress, elevated TG and reduced HDL-C by using multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusions, elevation of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and insulin resistance were associated with T2DM in AO women subjects. These inflammatory cytokines are positively associated with T2DM and may have a causal relation with an increased oxidative stress and insulin resistance in these AO women subjects.  相似文献   

2.
1. Cohesion and Coherence According to Halliday and Hasan (1976: 4), cohesion is relations of meaning that exist within the text and that define it as a text. Cohe- sion occurs where the interpretation of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of another. Grammar and lexis are two means to realize the goal of cohesion. In other words, there are grammatical co- hesion and lexical cohesion. Coherence refers to the relationships, which link the meanings of utterances in a discourse …  相似文献   

3.
This article elucidates the background and significance of astronomy, overviews the important progress over the past decade, and points out the main scientific problems for world astronomy. Based on a comparison between China＇s astronmical facilities, existing and in planing, and the major international facilities, the author proposes some strategies for promoting China＇s astronomy.  相似文献   

4.
Emotions are an integral component of all human activities, including human–computer interactions. This article reviews literature on the theories of emotions, methods for studying emotions, and their role in human information behaviour. It also examines current research on emotions in library and information science, information retrieval and human–computer interaction, and outlines some of the challenges and directions for future work.  相似文献   

5.
《Endeavour》2019,43(3):100697
In 2019, the world scientific community celebrates the 110th anniversary of the death of Nikolai Vasilevich Sorokin (1846–1909), an eminent Russian biologist. On this occasion, this paper reviews the life and work of Sorokin, who was known for many important scientific breakthroughs, particularly in botany, mycology, and microbiology. Drawing upon Sorokin’s publications and unpublished papers from archives, this account traces his key educational influences and the development of his research interests, research-related travels, contributions to the Russian movement in women’s higher education, and his key publications, particularly his four-volume treatise on plant parasites.  相似文献   

6.
It is a relatively common phenomenon to limit technical features with parameter range in patent claims. It is argued in this article that the parameter range should be distinctly divided into single parameter range and whole parameter range depending on the different mode and function of limitation. Each and every parameter in a single parameter range may independently achieve a technical effect, and limit one embodiment alone; while a single parameter in the whole parameter range cannot independently achieve any technical effect, and the set of parameters as a whole within the parameter range limit a technical feature. Discrimination between the single parameter range and the whole parameter range has a bearing on the assessment of novelty and inventiveness. Owing to the absence of such discrimination of parameter range, the provisions of the current Guidelines for Examination on novelty and inventiveness of the claims relating to parameter range are not applicable to the circumstance of whole parameter range.  相似文献   

7.
Arguments regarding the relationship between media discourse and public opinion have raged for decades, if not centuries. COmparing media coverage of biotechnology between 1992 and 2001 in two national newspapers with national survey data collected in early 2003, an argument is made that a general one-dimensional media effect is not occurring within the US public regarding media discourse. Given the multivalent characteristics of the media and the interpretive filters used by audiences - including ignoring information - even strong slants by the presumed opinion-leading press (the New York Times and the Washington Post) do not predict public opinion on a nascent issue such as biotechnology. While some observations show these mirrors to be ephemeral.  相似文献   

8.
This article examines the digital divide in terms of access and the cultural use purposes of the Internet in Finland, the United Kingdom, and Greece. The analysis is based on data from Finnish, British, and Greek sections of Eurobarometer collected in 2013 (N = 3,009). Separate measures for class and status are applied in the analysis. The findings indicate that both access to and use of the Internet for cultural purposes are affected by a number of interdependent factors, whose effects and strengths vary significantly among the countries.  相似文献   

9.
正The gut microbiota has been recognized as a key contributor to human health.Various chronic diseases,including type II diabetes,are connected with the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.Bacteriophages are the killers of gut bacteria by infecting and lysing their hosts,and are thought to be the most abundant biological entities in the human gut.  相似文献   

10.
<正>Mutualisms—relationships where by two organisms live in tandem with one another,each providing a service to the other—are among the most interesting and complex relationships in nature.These kinds of relationships are generally considered cooperative interactions,whereby each of the organisms incurs substantial cost in trading services with its partner in order for each of them to gain some benefit and increase their chances of survival and evolutionary fitness.While  相似文献   

11.
Contemporary ICTs such as speaking machines and computer games tend to create illusions. Is this ethically problematic? Is it deception? And what kind of “reality” do we presuppose when we talk about illusion in this context? Inspired by work on similarities between ICT design and the art of magic and illusion, responding to literature on deception in robot ethics and related fields, and briefly considering the issue in the context of the history of machines, this paper discusses these questions through the lens of stage magic and illusionism, with the aim of reframing the very question of deception. It investigates if we can take a more positive or at least morally neutral view of magic, illusion, and performance, while still being able to understand and criticize the relevant phenomena, and if we can describe and evaluate these phenomena without recourse to the term “deception” at all. This leads the paper into a discussion about metaphysics and into taking a relational and narrative turn. Replying to Tognazzini, the paper identifies and analyses two metaphysical positions: a narrative and performative non-dualist position is articulated in response to what is taken to be a dualist, in particular Platonic, approach to “deception” phenomena. The latter is critically discussed and replaced by a performative and relational approach which avoids a distant “view from nowhere” metaphysics and brings us back to the phenomena and experience in the performance relation. The paper also reflects on the ethical and political implications of the two positions: for the responsibility of ICT designers and users, which are seen as co-responsible magicians or co-performers, and for the responsibility of those who influence the social structures that shape who has (more) power to deceive or to let others perform.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
Concept,Characteristics and Future of Cold-type Wheat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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14.
<正>he year 2014 may prove to be a major turning point in China’s development of world-class science and innovation system.At the mid-term juncture of China’s Medium-and Long-Term Program(MLP)for Science and Technology(ST)development,the Ministry of Science and Technology conducted a comprehensive review and assessment  相似文献   

15.
The goal of this article is to examine the strategic choices of firms collecting consumer data online and to identify the roles and obligations of the actors within the current network of online tracking. In doing so, the focus shifts from placing the onus on individuals to make an informed choice, to justifying the roles and responsibilities of firms when gathering, aggregating, and using consumers' interests or behavior online. Firms online are uniquely positioned to undercut or to respect privacy expectations within three possible roles: as a member of a supply chain of information traders, within a network of surveillance online, and as an arm of law enforcement. These firms benefit from aggregating and analyzing consumer data and have an associated responsibility to not only minimize the harm to consumers but also to enact change where the firm is in the most knowledgeable and powerful position.  相似文献   

16.
This article asks whether the global process of digitization has led to noteworthy changes in the shares of the amount of text, images, audio, and video in worldwide technologically stored and communicated information content. We empirically quantify the amount of information that is globally broadcast, telecommunicated, and stored (1986–2007) and assess the evolution of the respective content shares. Somewhat unexpectedly, it turns out that the transfer from analog to digital has not led to toward increasing shares of media-rich audio and video content, despite vastly increased bandwidth. First, there is a certain inertia in the evolution of content, which seems to stick to stable proportions independent of its technological medium (be it analog vinyl and VHS tapes, or digital CDs and hard disks). Second, the relative share of text and still images actually captures a larger portion of the total amount than before the digital age. Text merely represented 0.3% of the (optimally compressed) bits that flowed through global information channels in 1986 but grew to almost 30% in 2007. On another level, we are seeing an increasing transition of text and images from one-way information diffusion networks (like newspapers) to digital storage and two-way telecommunications networks, where they are more socially embedded. Both tendencies are good news for big-data analysts who extract intelligence from easily analyzable text and image data.  相似文献   

17.
This study investigates whether country-level technological disparities influence individual scientists’ choice of research agenda and, if so, how the effect of country-level technological disparities on individuals’ research activities differs before and after technology commercialization. To address these research questions, we use research proceedings published from the International Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS) from 1990 to 2009. We find that a country’s technological capabilities tend to prevent its scientists from studying electric vehicles (defined as a disruptive technology) but encourage them to study hybrid vehicles (defined as a sustaining technology) before electric and hybrid vehicles are launched in the automobile market. We also find that a country’s technological capabilities do not subsequently help its scientists shift their research activities to the technologies that have received positive initial feedback from automobile markets.  相似文献   

18.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):249-266
ABSTRACT

The discourse of openness has proved to be a very powerful instrument for promoting new research policies and the (neoliberal) reforms of higher education in all so-called ‘advanced economies’. It has triggered positive democracy-, transparency-, and accountability-related associations when used in the context of politics, fair resource distribution when used in the sphere of public service, and free access to information and knowledge when used in the field of science and higher education. At the same time, international research shows that university autonomy is increasingly being attacked, reduced, and marginalized by the same policies. Power instances outside academia impose new criteria, such as ‘accountability,’ ‘performance,’ ‘quality assurance,’ and ‘good practice.’ They also impose ideas about what good research is, which scientific method is to be prioritized, and what good data are. The process of the de-professionalization, polarization, and proletarianization of the academic profession is increasingly affecting academia. However, none of this has much in common with the open-access discourse. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how this discussion applies to Sweden. Courses, forces, and discourses of the national research infrastructure development policy in general, and qualitative data preservation policy in particular, are described and deliberated.  相似文献   

19.
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are common endocrinopathies, which often occur parallel. Dyslipidemia is very common in both of these conditions. The development of hypothyroidism is well-known in type 1 diabetics, but it was not distinctly understood in type 2 diabetics. Thus we tried to examine the association between type II deiodinase (D2 or DIO2) Thr92Ala single nucleotide gene polymorphism and thyroid function among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 130 type 2 diabetics were screened and genotyped for DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism. Fasting plasma glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid and thyroid profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) and paraoxonase were estimated according to standard procedures. A significant altered level of thyroid hormones (TH’s) was found in Ala/Ala genotype when compared with Thr/Thr or Thr/Ala genotype. DIO2 and T3:T4 ratio significantly decreased, whereas total T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone levels significantly elevated among Ala/Ala genotype (131 ± 30 ng/ml; 0.12 ± 0.05; 7.17 ± 2.05 µg/dl; 4.77 ± 3.1 µIU/ml, respectively) when compared with Thr/Thr + Thr/Ala genotypes (176 ± 33 ng/ml; 0.21 ± 0.05; 5.21 ± 1.1 µg/dl; 2.59 ± 1.61 µIU/ml respectively). Moreover, D2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TH’s levels except total T4 among Ala/Ala genotypes. All the patients were having a poor glycemic control, and their glycemic status was positively correlating with MDA levels. On the other hand, serum paraoxonase activity decreased among Ala/Ala genotype (104 ± 21 vs. 118 ± 18 nmol/min/ml). In conclusion, DIO2 Ala92 homozygous variant found to be associated with altered levels of DIO2, Thyroid profile and paraoxonase. Hence, we recommend to do detail study of genetic factors related to thyroid function and prevent additional diabetic complications.  相似文献   

20.
We evaluate the impact of the EC's Seventh Framework Programme, a large-scale research subsidy programme, on the innovation activities of subsidized firms, with a particular regard to industry–university partnerships. Using matching and difference-in-difference estimation, we find a positive effect on a range of innovation indicators. The number of project participants in general and university participants in particular positively affect performance, suggesting knowledge spillovers between project members. Research centres, on the other hand, do not exert positive externalities. We also find that the benefits of collaborating with universities are amplified by their academic quality.  相似文献   

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