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1.
教育学已成为一门独立的学科,但其理论体系却没有得到较好的构建。借鉴斯坦纳的理论分类方式,教育学的最终归属是人文科学理论,它是研究理论的学科又是研究实践的学科。教育研究必须采取多种方法,诸如“反溯”、“演绎”、“归纳”,从而建立起教育理论的各种模式。教育理论来源于教育实践,但教育模式在教育理论的建构过程中起到了桥梁作用：对某一教育实践做理论概括得到一种教育模式,深化为一种新的教育理论;又在这种教育理论的指导下,对教育过程的组织方式做简要概括,以提供教育实践选择。故而教育理论的建构方式是：教育理论-教育模式-教育实践。 相似文献
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教师和家长对教育学理论深信不疑．但换一种角度去考虑，我们会发现许多“真理”并不绝对正确．而且还容易让人产生误解。下面．有关专家将对十种常见的教育理论逐一进行分析。 相似文献
3.
教师和家长对教育学理论深信不疑。但换一种角度去考虑，我们会发现许多“真理”并不绝对正确，而且还容易让人产生误解。下面，有关专家将对十种常见的教育理论逐一进行分析。 相似文献
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杨开城 《现代远程教育研究》2014,(2):10-15,22
由于教育学没有创造出关于教育世界的新知识,因此教育学对于教育世界本无话可说。无话可说却非要说些什么,由此教育学的陈述体系表现出各种与严肃理论不相符的话语风格。这些话语风格包括：（1）说得对却说不准,具体表现为同义反复、含混用词和用“真正的X”来分辨真伪。这种只说对的、不说准的思维方式越来越不顾及教育学理论应该承担的理论功能,更不顾及教育学应有的理论品性。（2）重解释和宣传、轻逻辑论证,具体表现为夸大其辞、自相矛盾和口号体。教育学对所提出的教育主张、原则、方式方法在说理时缺少足够的逻辑论证,教育学文本中很容易充斥过度的解释、冗余的说明和武断的规定,这使得教育学表现出话语风格缺陷。（3）把“历史事实”说成“逻辑必然”、把“应然”说成“实然”。如果教育的世界真是这样,缘何有那么多针对教育的批判,缘何有那么多的教育改革呢？这样的教育学是一种“不讲实情、只讲善意”的教育学。（4）顾左右而言他--大谈理论基础和实践成果而不是自身。这不是科学范式的成功,而是科学范式的失败。（5）习惯性地将问题倒推。教育学所提出的教育原则等规范并不彻底,只是将问题倒推一次罢了。对于教育学自身的元研究也是如此。教育学陈述体系的缺陷只是表层现象,究其根本乃是学术内容的问题。 相似文献
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王有升 《青岛大学师范学院学报》2012,29(4):5-10
“教育爱”在教育实践过程中具有相当的重要性,也理应是教育学中的一个核心性范畴,但在当今的教育学理论中却鲜少对此的直接探讨。“教育爱”是教师在教育过程中对学生所施予的一种爱,因其明确的教育性意向而具有相对独特的内涵。结合一些经典的爱的理论论述,可以使我们进一步明确爱的实质内涵及“教育爱”的独特特征。 相似文献
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论“教育学术”视野中的教师教育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
教师教育是在“师范性”与“学术性”矛盾两极的张力作用下发展和逐步完善的。在师范教育向教师教育转化的过程中,必须重新审视教育教学活动的学术理论基础,构建整合性“教育学术”。从“学术”的“人为性”的视角来考察“教育学术”时,就能理解“教育学术”的合法性。在“教育学术”视界中,教师教育的发展也具有新内涵。 相似文献
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还“教育学”以本来面目——浅说作为规范、实践的“教育学” 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
丁锦宏 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1998,(2)
教育学学科性质定位直接关系到教育学理论建设和教育科学理论体系的构建,因此它一直是教育理论界研究、关注和争论的焦点。笔者从历史、逻辑、教育科学理论整体结构和教育实践需要等角度对“教育学”进行阐述,初步揭示出“教育学”的规范、实践之价值本性 相似文献
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教育是一种文化现象，任何教育理论都生长在一定传统文化的土壤之上。中国是一个有着悠久历史的大国，应该说，在这样的环境下中国的教育理论也应与西方一样得到蓬勃发展。但是，虽然中国很早就有了教育思想，可作为一门学科的形成，中国教育学的发展是从20世纪初由国外“引入”的。回顾20世纪教育学在中国的发展历程，可以说中国的教育学一直充当着国外教育理论的“消费者”的角色，而非“扩大再生产者”。这里的“消费者”和“扩大再生产者”是借用了经济学上的两个术语来对教育理论主体进行形象化的描述。 相似文献
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杨开城 《现代远程教育研究》2014,(5):24-33
教育学堪称形而上学,算不上独创的学问,也不是学科理论。如果勉强称教育学是一种理论,它也是一种坏理论。造成教育学自我封闭腐朽有一定历史和学理上的原因：第一,教育实践的乱象引发的是改良之心而非探究规律之理论动机,因此所催生的是行动规范以及这些规范背后的哲学原理和心理学规律,而不是科学研究。第二,下意识地将教育看作是从教者的行动而不是教育者和受教育者共同参与的活动,教育实践的其他成分被边缘化甚至剔除,因此教育学很难摆脱价值立场的束缚而对“教育”进行实然的描述。第三,错误地将实践中的基于情境的“如何做”问题提升为与情境无关的理论问题。这类问题天然与真伪无关。被这些理论所引导,教育学自然与学科理论无缘。第四,二元对立的本质主义思维成为习惯。这种思维的排他性引导下的话语自然是独断论风格。第五,提出太多理想化假设。假设过于理想化的条件下,论断自然难以在真实情境下进行检验。第六,误解了科学,将科学简化为正确论断或孤立的实验方法,这使得教育学与教育科学无缘。第七,将无法客观化的、无法重现的教育问题作为研究对象,也就无法形成可检验的教育学命题,难以通过自我否定实现理论的进化。 相似文献
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This paper examines the understandings (‘constructs’) of teachers’ professional knowledge and its sources that underpin current practice in initial teacher education in Kazakhstan and in particular the way in which pedagogika contributes to these. Drawing on empirical data collected over four years, the paper illustrates the ways in which professional knowledge and professional preparation of teachers in pre-service institutions are constructed within the Kazakh and Soviet pedagogical traditions, albeit with some reference to international scholars. Teachers’ professional knowledge is formed from pedagogic theory mediated by academic staff in what is seen by many from outside and inside the country who are engaged in educational ‘reform’ in Kazakhstan as a largely didactic style with little or no critical engagement or exploration of the implications for practice. This stands in contrast with two recent professional development programmes: the Collaborative Action Research and Center of Excellence, which are focused on interactive learning and teaching, reflective practice, classroom action research, and teachers’ collaboration as sources for teachers’ professional knowledge. This paper highlights this contrast and begins to explore what happens when these two different approaches to the construction of teachers’ professional knowledge encounter each other. 相似文献
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Zahava Scherz Liora Bialer Bat‐Sheva Eylon 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(1):49-69
This study was carried out in the framework of continuous professional development (CPD) programmes following a CPD model aimed at promoting ‘accomplished practice’ involving: pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and scholarship of teaching. Teachers were asked to bring evidence about their practice. The context was related to the ‘Learning Skills for Science’ (LSS) programme, which advocates the explicit incorporation of high‐order learning skills into science school curricula. The main goal of the study was to test the evidence‐based LSS CPD model by investigating the impact of its related CPD programmes on participating teachers. The impact relates to teachers’ perceptions about teaching learning skills, teachers’ LSS practice, and their professional influence in the educational system. As part of the evaluation method, we developed a criterion‐based diagnostic tool and a visual representation, designed to assess a teacher’s professional profile and progression according to dimensions of ‘accomplished practice’. The diagnostic tool can be adjusted and tailored to different CPD domains. Results indicated that requiring teachers to bring evidence from practice and students’ learning enabled us to follow teachers’ progress and succeeded to improve their performances towards accomplished LSS practice. The results exemplify a synergy between CPD designed activities and the ongoing evaluation of its impact. 相似文献
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Clifford Mayes 《The Teacher Educator》2013,48(4):248-264
Abstract During the last 15 years, a body of literature has developed that centers around “teacher reflectivity.” Teachers reflect deeply on the biographical, political, and pedagogical influences that led them to become teachers and that influence their classroom practice. Advocates of teacher reflectivity claim that both preservice and inservice teachers can thereby improve their practice and deepen their understanding of themselves as teachers. Although biographical, political, and pedagogical reflectivity are powerful tools, teacher reflectivity would be even stronger if it included “spiritual reflectivity.” With spiritual reflectivity (with or without a formal religious commitment), teachers see themselves and their work as a teacher in the broader context of their unique commitment(s) to a transcendent power or process that includes biographical, political, and pedagogical influences, but also transcends them. 相似文献
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王雪梅 《鞍山师范学院学报》2007,9(6):98-100
归因理论对于学校教育具有重大的指导意义.它可以帮助教师寻找到教育的契机和方法.学生对学习结果的归因,直接影响其学习信心和对前途的期待.心理学研究表明,人们的归因倾向是可以改变的,教师可结合归因训练,并利用课堂教学,运用教育与引导的方法,帮助学生作出正确、积极的归因,激发学生的成就动机. 相似文献
15.
The study reported here used a practice theory lens to understand vocational education and training (VET) teachers’ current practices in supporting integration of learning in educational institutions and workplaces – specifically for refugee and migrant students. A case study was conducted with 10 teachers delivering aged care programmes in South East Queensland, Australia and in a municipality in West Sweden. During in-depth interviews teachers explained the enabling and challenging aspects of their practice, and specific strategies they used to support students with integration of learning in the two main sites. Analyses of data concentrated on understanding three types of arrangements in the practice architectures at the two learning sites. Teachers extended their everyday pedagogical approaches to support integration of learning and meet the specific needs of refugee and migrant students. Their teaching comprised interdependent practices of VET and aged care in two settings, each with distinct ecologies of practice. Their narratives reflect contestations between practice traditions of aged care practices in Australia and Sweden, and students’ understandings and reflections of practices in their birth countries. We conclude that teacher training and adjustments to these arrangements can bridge contestations between the enacted and experienced curriculum in the two sites. 相似文献
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“研究性变革实践”:教师发展的新思路 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在"研究性变革实践"中,教育理论与教育实践是相互缠绕、相互建构的复杂关系。"研究性变革实践"对教师提出了新的要求,也为教师发展提供了新的空间。教师在"研究性变革实践"中的发展过程可分为:模仿操作性方法,教育理论与教育实践的脱节阶段;理解教育变革内涵,教育理论与教育实践的沟通阶段;渐入变革佳境,教育理论与教育实践的创造性互动转化阶段。 相似文献
17.
教师的隐性教学知识是教师教学知识的核心和基础。在教学实践中,教师可通过回忆教学过程,分析教学实况、反思教学情境来揭示教学观念、教学行为以及显性教学知识中隐含的隐性教学知识。 相似文献
18.
Large-scale assessment as professional development: teachers’ motivations,ability beliefs,and values
In this study, conducted in the United States, the authors examined the motivational characteristics of teachers in the context of a large-scale performance assessment program. Teachers received professional development through their participation in the assessment program by writing items, reviewing items, and reviewing scoring criteria. An expectancy-value theory framework and embedded mixed-methods design were used to examine teachers’ (n = 119) motivations, ability beliefs, and values related to their professional development. Survey results showed that teachers generally had a high degree of intrinsic motivation for and associated social and pedagogical utility value with the professional development. Teachers reported positive ability beliefs, a high degree of usefulness, importance, and interest associated with the professional development, and positive changes to instruction and assessment. Results of multiple regression analyses showed teachers’ intrinsic motivations and ability beliefs predicted changes to instruction and assessments. Interview results illustrated the ways in which knowledge gained from involvement in the assessment program translated to practice. Results provided insight into the complexity of participants’ values, identifying factors that enabled or constrained changes to instruction and assessments. 相似文献
19.
An on-going challenge in teacher education programs is how best to support new teachers in connecting their university coursework with their professional identity development and pedagogical practice in the schools. The reading and writing of case studies is one promising strategy teacher educators have explored as a means of assisting teachers in developing and cultivating a self-reflective, theory and practice reflexive, style of learning in the teacher education classroom and beyond. In the present paper, I present a case study of my own journey as a developmental and educational psychologist responsible for co-teaching a secondary teacher education course called "Adolescent Development for Teachers", in which having student-teachers research and write-up a case study of a single adolescent became the focus of the course and our pedagogy. I describe events that brought about the use of the case study in the course, the influence the use of the case study had on myself as an instructor as well as the students, and what students say are the educational benefits and difficulties of completing the adolescent case study. Implications for infusing a developmental focus into teacher education programs are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Teachers’ learning and occupational well‐being is crucial in attaining educational goals both in the classroom and at the school community level. In this article teachers’ occupational well‐being that is constructed in teaching–learning processes within the school community is referred to as pedagogical well‐being. The article focuses on exploring teachers’ experienced pedagogical well‐being by examining the kinds of situations that teachers themselves find either empowering and engaging or burdening and stressful in their work. The study aims to: (1) identify the primary contexts of teachers’ experienced critical incidents of pedagogical well‐being; and (2) determine the kind of action strategies teachers have adopted in these contexts when they are reported as empowering and engaging. The study included data collected from the teachers of nine case‐schools around Finland. Altogether, a selected group of 68 comprehensive school teachers, including both primary and secondary school teachers, were interviewed. Our results suggested that interaction with pupils in socially and pedagogically challenging situations constitutes the core of teachers’ pedagogical well‐being. Success in both the pedagogical goals and more general social goals seem to be fundamental preconditions for teachers’ experienced pedagogical well‐being. Further investigation showed that teachers’ approaches to socially challenging situations varied. Results suggest that teachers’ pedagogical well‐being is centrally generated in the challenging social interactions of their work. Moreover, the way in which a teacher acts in the situation is found to be a regulator for experienced pedagogical well‐being. 相似文献