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儿童虐待问题应该说是目前在日本整个社会里最为人们所关心的问题之一。近十年来,儿童虐待现象不断呈现上升趋势。儿童虐待的类型分成:身体虐待型、放置不理型、性的虐待型和心理虐待型。儿童被虐待的原因主要有社会方面的要因、家庭的要因和被虐待儿童自身的要因等三个方面。 相似文献
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目的:探索中日两国儿童虐待方式等方面的规律,进而了解儿童受虐待的现状和影响因素.方法:采用社会分类学方法,从儿童虐待类型、施虐者与受虐者的关系、影响因素、虐待者的经济状况、受虐者的性别和年龄特点等方面,对中国124例和日本170例儿童虐待案例进行分析.结果:身体虐待和期待过高是儿童虐待的主要类型;日本生母虐待儿童率明显高于中国生母的儿童虐待情况.家庭经济状况不好,虐待发生率高;中国女孩受虐率高于男孩,日本则相反;0～2岁虐待发生率最高,随年龄增长,性虐待率增大.结论:日本生母虐待儿童率高于中国生母的儿童虐待情况,中国女孩受虐率高于男孩,日本则相反. 相似文献
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儿童虐待是一个严重的社会问题,它危害儿童身体、社会性、认知和情绪的发展.美国佐治亚州将儿童虐待分为忽视、躯体虐待、性侵犯、性剥削、情感或言语虐待五种类型,并通过举报、调查和评估、审理等程序防止或减轻儿童虐待产生伤害.基于佐治亚州的经验,我国应该通过制定关于儿童虐待问题的专门法律、成立专门的儿童虐待处理机构、健全儿童虐待案件的司法程序等手段保障儿童的权益. 相似文献
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近年来,我国儿童虐待事件频频见诸报端、网络．引起社会广泛关注。为了有效防止儿童虐待,美国已经建立起一套完整、成熟的儿童虐待法律保护体系。反观我国．关于儿童虐待法律保护的制度严重不足,温岭虐童案发生后．对于非家庭成员实施的儿童虐待行为,法律中找不出一条合适的罪名加以处罚。因此,完善儿童虐待法律保护制度势在必行。 相似文献
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该研究结合问卷法和实验法,探讨不同弹性受心理虐待儿童的社会关系认知特点。研究从611名四至六年级儿童中筛选出290名受心理虐待的被试,采用组间设计对受心理虐待弹性组和缺乏弹性组的儿童进行单类内隐联想测验,探讨在心理虐待处境下两组儿童对父母内隐态度的差异,通过假设情境法等考察受心理虐待儿童对师生、同伴关系的认知。结果表明:(1)受心理虐待弹性儿童对亲子关系的内隐态度比缺乏心理弹性的儿童更为积极;(2)受心理虐待弹性儿童在三类社会关系背景下情感维度的认可度均高于缺乏弹性组儿童;在不同假设情境下,心理虐待弹性儿童比缺乏弹性儿童更倾向于向老师、同学或朋友倾诉自己的遭遇,或请求帮助;(3)积极的师生、同伴关系和支持寻求与受心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展存在显著正相关,同伴关系和支持寻求能有效预测心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展。 相似文献
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中国的儿童虐待问题有着不同于西方的文化基础和表现形式。本文从本土文化的现实出发,重新界定了儿童虐待问题,在借鉴香港有关儿童虐待防治成功经验的基础上,提出以生态系统的视角,构建防治结合、多方合力的受虐儿童保护系统。 相似文献
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基于对699名初中生的问卷调查数据,构建有调节的中介效应模型,检验社会支持对于儿童在家庭中受心理虐待和在学校中受欺凌之间的中介作用,以及学业成绩的调节效应。研究发现,儿童在家受心理虐待正向预测其在校受欺凌,领悟社会支持在两者关系中起中介作用,学业成绩对中介效应起调节作用。具体来说,儿童在家庭中受到心理虐待会加重其受校园欺凌的程度,领悟社会支持可以缓冲这种负面影响,但对学业成绩不佳的儿童而言,领悟社会支持无法起到显著的保护作用。因此,在校园欺凌防治中不可忽视对家庭关系质量的考察,并应当为儿童构建多维度的社会支持网络。 相似文献
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V S Lamphear 《Child abuse & neglect》1986,10(1):63-69
Several empirical studies on the impact of maltreatment on children's psychosocial adjustment were recently reviewed in this journal [1]. Following a brief overview of the findings from that article, the present paper summarizes the methodological limitations of the studies reviewed and discusses guidelines for future research in this area. In order to advance knowledge of child maltreatment sequelae, we suggest future studies should include the following: precise operational definitions of maltreatment; adequate verification of the absence of maltreatment in the control groups; identification and control of maltreatment covariates; and consideration of subjects' age in group assignment. Future investigations should also employ more longitudinal research designs and give more attention to the treatment needs of the child. 相似文献
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Collecting child maltreatment data is a complicated undertaking for many reasons. As a result, there is an interest by child maltreatment researchers to develop methodologies that allow for the triangulation of data sources. To better understand how social media and internet-based technologies could contribute to these approaches, we conducted a scoping review to provide an overview of social media and internet-based methodologies for health research, to report results of evaluation and validation research on these methods, and to highlight studies with potential relevance to child maltreatment research and surveillance. Many approaches were identified in the broad health literature; however, there has been limited application of these approaches to child maltreatment. The most common use was recruiting participants or engaging existing participants using online methods. From the broad health literature, social media and internet-based approaches to surveillance and epidemiologic research appear promising. Many of the approaches are relatively low cost and easy to implement without extensive infrastructure, but there are also a range of limitations for each method. Several methods have a mixed record of validation and sources of error in estimation are not yet understood or predictable. In addition to the problems relevant to other health outcomes, child maltreatment researchers face additional challenges, including the complex ethical issues associated with both internet-based and child maltreatment research. If these issues are adequately addressed, social media and internet-based technologies may be a promising approach to reducing some of the limitations in existing child maltreatment data. 相似文献
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A parental history of experiencing child maltreatment is an important risk factor in several etiological theories of child maltreatment. In the past, two reviews have been conducted on the available evidence for intergenerational continuity in child maltreatment, but were only qualitative in nature. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a quantitative summary of the current knowledge on intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. In our 3-level random-effects meta-analysis, we included 84 studies reporting on 285 effect sizes and found a medium summary effect of r = 0.289; 95% CI [0.257, 0.337], with significant variation in effect sizes within (level 2) and between (level 3) studies. This implies that in families of parents who experienced maltreatment in their own childhood, the odds of child maltreatment are almost three times the odds of child maltreatment in families of parents without a history of experiencing child maltreatment (OR = 2.990). However, as indications for bias were found, caution is warranted in interpreting this effect. Moderator analyses revealed that the effect of intergenerational transmission was the smallest in children who experienced physical abuse. Further, study quality was negatively associated with effect size magnitude. We highlight the need for an improvement in quality of primary research, and discuss implications of our findings for clinical practice. 相似文献
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This study expands research on the relationship between community (defined here as a locality) characteristics and child maltreatment. Research in this field is not new, but it is scarce. Our study is unique by examining changes between two periods rather than focusing on one point in time. Furthermore, our study examines structural conditions in small and medium size localities in Israel, a non-Western and non-Christian society. We compare our results with those from studies on inner-city and suburban neighborhoods in Western countries and earlier studies in Israel. We collected data on 169 Israeli localities, ranging from small ones (with as few as 1,500 residents) to medium size localities (i.e., towns) (with as many as 50,000 residents) in which approximately 34% of the Israeli child population resides. Our study tested four hypotheses: (1) Socioeconomic characteristics of the locality will be negatively correlated with the availability of social services; (2) Reported child maltreatment rates will be negatively correlated with the socioeconomic characteristics of the locality; (3) The availability of social services will be positively correlated with reported child maltreatment rates; and (4) Overall reported child maltreatment rates will be negatively correlated with the overall status of the localities. We have supported our second and third hypothesis in full, and partially supported our first and fourth hypothesis. In particular we have demonstrated that while demographics play a different role in Israel than in other countries in regard to child maltreatment, social, economic and cultural context are crucial for understating reported rates of child maltreatment. 相似文献
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This report reviews research on the community dimensions of child maltreatment and presents a study conducted in the United States designed to illuminate further the importance of social environmental effects on family functioning. The study involves 77 community areas within the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area. Child maltreatment rates are related to indicators of socioeconomic and demographic well being for these neighborhoods and for the subunits within them. The results reveal a strong influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on child maltreatment rates. A further analysis involves selecting pairs of neighborhoods for additional study. In this phase of the research the character of socioeconomically similar areas with contrasting patterns of child maltreatment is revealed. The high-risk areas are characterized by social disorganization and lack of social coherence, in contrast to the low-risk areas which evidence a stronger social fabric. These effects extend to differences in child abuse fatalities. 相似文献
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How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: a review of the literature and alternative pathways 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coulton CJ Crampton DS Irwin M Spilsbury JC Korbin JE 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(11-12):1117-1142
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the relationships between neighborhoods and child maltreatment and identify future directions for research in this area. METHOD: A search of electronic databases and a survey of experts yielded a list of 25 studies on the influence of geographically defined neighborhoods on child maltreatment. These studies were then critically reviewed by an interdisciplinary research team. RESULTS: Numerous studies demonstrate that child maltreatment cases are concentrated in disadvantaged areas. A number of socio-economic characteristics of neighborhoods have been shown to correlate with child maltreatment rates as measured by official reports to child protective service agencies. Only a few studies examine direct measures of parenting behaviors associated with maltreatment, and these show a weaker relationship with neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, the processes that link neighborhood conditions to either maltreatment reports or parenting behaviors are not yet confirmed by the research literature. Selection bias, neighborhood definitions and spatial influences are largely uncontrolled in the existing research. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a framework for pursuing further study of neighborhoods and child maltreatment that addresses the gaps in the current literature. Neighborhood-based strategies to prevent and reduce child maltreatment will be enhanced by research that provides a better understanding of how neighborhood conditions act as stressors or supports for families at risk of child maltreatment. 相似文献
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Korbin JE 《Child abuse & neglect》2002,26(6-7):637-644
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to comment on current issues in the relationship between culture and child maltreatment. METHOD: A review of the literature on culture and child maltreatment is the basis of the article. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: While attention has been directed to the relationship between culture and maltreatment for more than 20 years, there is a need for further development in this area. Efforts need to be made to "unpack" culture, to promote understanding culture in context, and to enhance research on child maltreatment and culture. 相似文献
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V S Lamphear 《Child abuse & neglect》1985,9(2):251-263
While there is wide consensus that child victims of maltreatment are at risk for future social and psychological maladjustment, conspicuously few controlled empirical studies which examine this problem exist. The relative inattention to the psychological sequelae of child maltreatment is unfortunate since observations suggest that exposure to physical abuse and/or neglect has serious consequences for the child's present and long-term adjustment. The present paper reviews the most current empirical research on the psychosocial adjustment of maltreated children. 相似文献
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Policies can be powerful tools for prevention given their potential to affect conditions that can improve population-level health. Given the dearth of empirical research on policies’ impacts on child maltreatment, this article (a) identifies 37 state policies that might have impacts on the social determinants of child maltreatment; (b) identifies available data sources documenting the implementation of 31 policies; and (c) utilizes the available data to explore effects of 11 policies (selected because they had little missing data) on child maltreatment rates. These include two policies aimed at reducing poverty, two temporary assistance to needy families policies, two policies aimed at increasing access to child care, three policies aimed at increasing access to high quality pre-K, and three policies aimed at increasing access to health care. Multi-level regression analyses between within-state trends of child maltreatment investigation rates and these 11 policies, controlling for states’ childhood poverty, adults without a high school diploma, unemployment, child burden, and race/ethnicity, identified two that were significantly associated with decreased child maltreatment rates: lack of waitlists to access subsidized child care and policies that facilitate continuity of child health care. These findings are correlational and are limited by the quality and availability of the data. Future research might focus on a reduced number of states that have good quality administrative data or population-based survey data on child maltreatment or reasonable proxies for child maltreatment and where data on the actual implementation of specific policies of interest can be documented. 相似文献
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Debbie Scott Lil Tonmyr Jenny Fraser Sue Walker Kirsten McKenzie 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(11):791-808
ObjectiveThe objectives of this article are to explore the extent to which the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) has been used in child abuse research, to describe how the ICD system has been applied, and to assess factors affecting the reliability of ICD coded data in child abuse research.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Google Scholar were searched for peer reviewed articles written since 1989 that used ICD as the classification system to identify cases and research child abuse using health databases. Snowballing strategies were also employed by searching the bibliographies of retrieved references to identify relevant associated articles. The papers identified through the search were independently screened by two authors for inclusion, resulting in 47 studies selected for the review. Due to heterogeneity of studies meta-analysis was not performed.ResultsThis paper highlights both utility and limitations of ICD coded data. ICD codes have been widely used to conduct research into child maltreatment in health data systems. The codes appear to be used primarily to determine child maltreatment patterns within identified diagnoses or to identify child maltreatment cases for research.ConclusionsA significant impediment to the use of ICD codes in child maltreatment research is the under ascertainment of child maltreatment by using coded data alone. This is most clearly identified and, to some degree, quantified, in research where data linkage is used.Practice implicationsThe importance of improved child maltreatment identification will assist in identifying risk factors and creating programs that can prevent and treat child maltreatment and assist in meeting reporting obligations under the CRC. 相似文献