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1.
复杂网络上的雪崩动力学 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
复杂网络已经成为物理学中一个富有挑战性的课题。网络灾变是传播过程中随处可见的,这种灾变效应就像雪崩,迅速在网络中传播。探讨网络灾变的形成机理是十分必要的。本文就复杂网络上的雪崩动力学的研究进展作一个概述。 相似文献
2.
针对骨干路由器的BGP路由存在遭受"雪崩式"攻击可能,提出了一种改进的BGP路由更新算法.通过BGP链路存活通告数据包的更新周期有固定时长,改进为随机时长,同时当针对某一固定链路的BGP路由更新数据包频繁到达时,采用随机丢弃和延迟响应的策略进行处理,能够大幅度减少某一链路出现频繁中断的状态时,BGP路由更新协议不会受到明显的影响,有效地防止针对BGP协议的"雪崩攻击". 相似文献
3.
如果不从社会大系统的角度来看技术,而是静态地看“技术本身”,则技术本身的要素主要是由实体要素、知识要素与经验要素构成。技术的本质是实体、知识与经验三要素相互作用的整体性的实践涌现。“涌现”体现了“知识与技能”的整体性,“实践涌现”体现了技术各要素相互作用后产生了各单个技术要素不具有的实践性质。技术本身的要素构成及技术“实践涌现”的本质,要求技术人才的素质结构应以技术知识为基础、以技术能力为核心、以技术意志为动力系统,三者紧密结合、相辅相成。 相似文献
4.
通过对空气放电中电子崩过程的模拟,讨论空间电荷对电场的影响,分析空气间隙的大小以及放电电压对放电模式的影响. 相似文献
5.
6.
MICHAEL J. REISS 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2011,45(3):399-415
Until recently, little attention has been paid in the school classroom to creationism and almost none to intelligent design. However, creationism and possibly intelligent design appear to be on the increase and there are indications that there are more countries in which schools are becoming battle‐grounds over them. I begin by examining whether creationism and intelligent design are controversial issues, drawing on Robert Dearden's epistemic criterion of the controversial and more recent responses to and defences of this. I then examine whether the notion of ‘worldviews’ in the context of creationism is a useful one by considering the film March of the Penguins. I conclude that the ‘worldviews’ perspective on creationism is useful for two reasons: first it indicates the difficulty of using the criterion of reason to decide whether an issue is controversial or not; secondly, it suggests that standard ways of addressing the diversity of student views in a science classroom may be inadequate. I close by examining the implications of this view for teaching in science lessons and elsewhere, for example in religious education lessons and citizenship lessons and at primary level where subject divisions cannot be made in so clear‐cut a manner. 相似文献
7.
Meinert A. Meyer 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(3):381-403
Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, die Bedeutung des Fachunterrichts aus Schülersicht herauszustellen und dabei zugleich unterschiedliche
Arten der Beteiligung der Schüler an eben diesem Unterricht zu beschreiben. Dafür liefere ich Auszüge aus einem Unterrichtsprotokoll
und dazugeh?rigen Lehrer-und Schülerkommentaren und interpretiere sie. Das Beispiel stammt aus dem Geschichtsunterricht der
gymnasialen Oberstufe, Jahrgangsstufe 11. Abschlie?end versuche ich, Bausteine einer Theorie der Partizipation im Fachunterricht
zu identifizieren.
Summary A Subject and its Pupils: Lesson analyses and preparatory notes on a theory of participation The aim of this paper is to show the importance of lessons in particular subjects from the perspective of the pupils and, at the same time, to describe the different ways in which pupils participate in these lessons. To this end, I will present and then interpret excerpts from records of particular lessons along with teachers’ and students’ comments on these lessons. The example comes from a History class in year 11 of the German Gymnasium. To conclude, I will attempt to identify the building blocks of a theory of participation in subject lessons.相似文献
8.
Julie Alonzo Douglas Gardner Susan Hasazi Christopher Johnstone Peter Miller 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(2):127-136
This article describes the ways in which a 25-hour internship with families who have children with disabilities impacted four doctoral students in educational leadership. We discuss the lessons we learned as a result of our experiences and provide insight into the structural components of the internship experience that were critical to enhancing our professional development. Key lessons include: (1) the realization that disability is a socially-constructed term that does not describe the talents, feelings, and aspirations of individuals with disabilities; (2) increased knowledge and strategies about how school leaders can provide support to families by listening to their hopes, dreams, and challenges; and (3) the critical need to include families in decision-making processes to ensure that the family perspective is represented. Important structural components of the internship experience included spending time with families in their homes and communities for extended periods of time. Implications for the preparation of educational leaders are discussed. 相似文献
9.
This article presents relevant research on Bayesian methods and their major applications to modeling in an effort to lay out differences between the frequentist and Bayesian paradigms and to look at the practical implications of these differences. Before research is reviewed, basic tenets and methods of the Bayesian approach to modeling are presented and contrasted with basic estimation results from a frequentist perspective. It is argued that Bayesian methods have become a viable alternative to traditional maximum likelihood-based estimation techniques and may be the only solution for more complex psychometric data structures. Hence, neither the applied nor the theoretical measurement community can afford to neglect the exciting new possibilities that have opened up on the psychometric horizon. 相似文献
10.
It is commonly believed that science teachers rely on language that allows only minor flexibility when it comes to taking
into account contrasting views and pupil thoughts. Too frequently science teachers either pose questions that target predefined
answers or simply lecture through lessons, a major concern from a sociocultural perspective. This study reports the experiences
of science student teachers when introduced to the Communicative Approach to science education drawing on dialogic teacher-talk
in addition to authoritative teacher-talk. This approach was introduced to the students in an interventional teaching program
running parallel to the student teachers’ field practice. The practical implications of this approach during initial teacher
education are the central focus of this study. The data consisting of videos of lessons and interviews indicate that the student
teacher awareness of teacher-talk and alternative communicative options did increase. Student teachers reported greater awareness
of the different functions of teacher-talk as well as the challenges when trying to implement dialogic teaching. 相似文献
11.
In this paper, an attempt has been made to synthesize some of the current thinking in the area of criterion-referenced testing as well as to provide the beginning of an integration of theory and method for such testing. Since criterion-referenced testing is viewed from a decision-theoretic point of view, approaches to reliability and validity estimation consistent with this philosophy are suggested. Also, to improve the decision-making accuracy of criterion-referenced tests, a Bayesian procedure for estimating true mastery scores has been proposed. This Bayesian procedure uses information about other members of a student's group (collateral information), but the resulting estimation is still criterion referenced rather than norm referenced in that the student is compared to a standard rather than to other students. In theory, the Bayesian procedure increases the “effective length” of the test by improving the reliability, the validity, and more importantly, the decision-making accuracy of the criterion-referenced test scores. 相似文献
12.
Heather Wood 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2014,21(3):288-297
In this essay I explore the tensions between the static nature of standardised assessment and the dynamic student-focussed approach to appreciating literature that I value. I have closely analysed two of a series of lessons on the gothic literary genre taught by a student teacher on her first placement. By reflecting critically on my own journey as a teacher and by drawing on the recent debate surrounding the inculcation of genre theory in the curriculum, this essay aims to explore the way that such standard-based reforms can shape and mould the topic. 相似文献
13.
介绍了光子计数的基本原理,并以雪崩二极管阵列为探测器,设计并实现了光子计数器系统．给出了入射光检测、信号调理、光子数判定、计数器及电源等功能模块的原理框图及部分硬件电路,同时,对部分关键技术与电路进行了详细的分析与说明．实际测试结果表明,所设计光子计数器基本达到了预期设计指标,可用于实际检测过程． 相似文献
14.
Tin Lam Toh Lu Pien Cheng Siew Yin Ho Heng Jiang Kam Ming Lim 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2017,37(4):437-452
AbstractThis paper discusses the use of comics in teaching mathematics in the secondary mathematics classroom. We explicate how the use of comics in teaching mathematics can prepare students for the twenty-first century competencies. We developed an alternative teaching package using comics for two lower secondary mathematics topics. This alternative teaching package consists of (1) several sets of comic strips expounding all related mathematical concepts in a lively way; (2) tiered practice questions for learning reinforcement; and (3) a set of proposed lesson outlines with suggestions on how to use the comics for mathematics teaching. We also report how one of the teachers in our study used this teaching package in her mathematics lessons. Her lessons were video-recorded and 11 students were interviewed to help us understand how the mathematics comics lessons were enacted and the students’ perception of comics as instruction. We identified instances in which the teacher tweaked the provided resource to further enhance student learning and incorporated elements of the twenty-first century competencies during her lessons. Through selected student interviews, we also identified instances in which students commented on their gain from the new approach from the perspective of the twenty-first century competencies. 相似文献
15.
贝叶斯公式可在客观调查的基础上修正先验概率,为决策者提供更为可靠的信息。列举了贝叶斯公式在经济决策中的应用例子,同时也用贝叶斯公式对生活中信用及舆论方面的某些现象作了诠释。 相似文献
16.
William Rodman 《Interchange》2007,38(3):245-262
One of the most important questions I ask as both a cultural anthropologist and a university teacher is: How do people come to know what they think they know? In this article, I adopt a narrative approach to processes of learning and discovery in two very different locales, an indigenous society in the South Pacific, and a senior seminar on contemporary anthropological theory in a Canadian university. I show how I developed an exercise to “bring the field into the classroom” and how my students helped me to take what we learned in the classroom back to the field. In my conclusions, I discuss lessons I and my students learned about the link between experience and understanding, about the nature of interpretation, and about the role of reflexivity in the construction of meaning. 相似文献
17.
Algebra is considered key to success in secondary mathematics, yet instruction remains mostly teacher-centered and procedurally oriented, with limited opportunities for students to develop algebraic understanding. This study draws on a large sample of video-recorded ninth grade U.S. algebra lessons to explore the nature of learning opportunities that may help deepen students’ algebraic understanding. I highlight aspects of opportunities to learn algebraic procedures and describe instruction that can enrich these opportunities. I posit that this holds promise as an incremental improvement approach—relatively small adjustments in teachers’ current practices that can serve as a bridge to more ambitious teaching. 相似文献
18.
刘丽红 《晋城职业技术学院学报》2011,4(1):26-28,50
教学模式一直都是政治理论课能否取得课堂实效性的关键,因此,对政治理论课课堂教学模式的研究与探索也从未中断,人们关注的视角从知识课堂到生本课堂,从填鸭课堂到和谐课堂,但如何在课堂四十五分钟内真正实现教师、学生与知识的价值,使学生对于政治理论知识的追求变成自身的意念行为,形成长效机制,则成为本文探索与关注的焦点。 相似文献
19.
Sue Johnston 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):51-57
Much of the literature on curriculum decision-making focuses on individual teachers and their instructional decision-making role within the classroom. The propensity for studying curriculum decision-making from this perspective has left a deficit in the area of curriculum decision-making by groups. It is the aim of this paper to propose one possible framework to promote understanding in this neglected area. After establishing deliberation as a basis from which to study curriculum decision-making, it will be argued that the values issue in group deliberation may be clarified by applying some notions borrowed from the field of teacher socialization. Various factors which influence curriculum decision-making will then be incorporated into the framework. 相似文献
20.
Cents-Boonstra Miriam Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna Lara Mayra Mascareño Denessen Eddie 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2022,37(1):227-255
Positive student engagement is a prerequisite for students’ educational success. In this study, a microanalytic approach was used to explore patterns in teachers’ use of specific motivating teaching behaviours from the perspective of self-determination theory in relation to indicators of students’ positive engagement. The lessons of 52 teachers were observed and event-based coded. Results showed that specifically asking motivating questions and providing positive feedback and support during exercises were associated with subsequent positive student engagement. Unexpectedly, some demotivating teaching behaviours were also found to relate to positive student engagement, although to a lesser extent. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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