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The newsvendor problem is a classic problem of decision making under risk that is taught in traditional Operations and Supply Chain Management classes as a single‐period inventory problem. We discuss the following three pedagogical points of interest to any instructor tasked with teaching this topic: a) why the newsvendor model is relevant in this day and age; b) how to make better sense of the newsvendor problem for students; and c) how to easily implement and administer an active learning exercise in either a traditional classroom, or an online setting. This active learning exercise is a quick, effective, and meaningful way of demonstrating a variety of concepts related to the newsvendor problem that include: a) the rational economic method of calculating optimal order quantity, b) the inherent risk in forecasting and ordering decisions as they relate to surpluses and shortages; and c) the cognitive limitations in decision making that often result in irrational but predictable decision‐making behavior as demonstrated by empirical research on newsvendor behavior. This exercise can help instructors and students transition into broader discussions on human behavior, cognitive limitations, and perceptions of risk. Overall, it should provide the student with an improved understanding of the operational and behavioral issues associated with decision making under risk. 相似文献
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消费者是供应链的最终环节,也是关键的环节,从一定程度上影响供应链所有成员的行为。基于此建立的供应链中考虑消费者低碳偏好的两阶段动态博弈模型,表明不同决策机制下制造商的单位碳排放减少量对供应链成员决策的不同影响。消费者的低碳偏好会影响不同决策模式下的供应链的绩效,即两种决策机制下的碳减排水平相同,但集中决策下的收益和产量均高于分散决策情形;消费者低碳偏好增加或者减排成本影响因子下降,都将使得供应链各成员的利润增加,从而进一步促进企业投人更多的资源进行减排。 相似文献
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西安市入境游客旅游决策行为实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岳冬菊 《西安文理学院学报》2011,(4):101-104
通过问卷调查和访谈方式,从旅游动机、旅游偏好、出游方式、信息来源、旅游决策行为影响因素等方面分析了西安市入境游客的旅游决策行为特征及规律,期望为西安旅游市场拓展、旅游形象设计、旅游产品多样化等提供参考依据. 相似文献
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Higher education employees often participate in university-sponsored defined contribution pension plans that place the investment
decision responsibility upon them. In order to examine investment decision-making behavior with retirement savings plans we
investigated attitude-mediated, individual difference determinants of risky decision-making behavior in employer-sponsored
defined contribution retirement plans. Using a field survey of 795 higher education employees, who participated in one of
four defined contribution savings plans, we tested a risk taking model using data on the employees’ investment allocations
in their defined contribution savings plan. We found that an attitudinal preference toward risk and a perception of opportunity
served as mediators for the relationships among employees’ dispositional characteristics and their retirement savings behavior.
We also found that investment knowledge directly affected risk taking behavior. Implications of the results for higher education
institutions are discussed.
Funding for this study was provided by TIAA-CREF and is gratefully acknowledged by the authors. 相似文献
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在引入租赁的报童模型及其利润函数的基础上,给出了加性需求下引入租赁的报童模型的平均利润函数和一个基本定理,并通过算例进行了验证。 相似文献
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本文以单供应商为领导层,两零售商为从属层,建立了需求不确定情况下两零售商基于古诺竞争的二层报童问题模型,再根据下层问题的特点将其转化为单层问题,然后进行近似处理,并利用遗传算法给出了近似求解方法。最后给出了算例和灵敏度分析。 相似文献
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多属性决策的主客观结合特征向量方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了结合主观和客观信息的模糊多属性决策问题,其中主客观信息分别由属性权重的两两比较矩阵和决策矩阵组成.提出一种结合主观和客观信息的特征向量决策方法,给出了2种求解基于主客观特征向量法的模糊多属性决策方法.这种方法通过求解2个线性目标规划模型得到最优属性权重,然后,通过对决策信息进行简单的加权集结,得到所有方案的排序结果.最后,通过一个算例说明了该方法的实用性和有效性.结果表明,该方法要比其他主客观结合多属性决策方法简单. 相似文献
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In the economic order quantity （EOQ） model, the decision maker has vague information about holding cost, ordering cost and market demand. With these uncertainties characterized as fuzzy variables, a new formula is developed by analyzing the fuzzy total cost. By comparing with other four EOQ formulas, i.e., using the crisp numbers with the highest membership values in classic EOQ formula, using the expected values of fuzzy parameters in classic EOQ formula, using the fuzzy variables in classic EOQ formula and then calculating the expected value, and calculat- ing EOQ by hybrid intelligent algorithm simulation, the effectiveness of this formula Js illustrated. 相似文献
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In the last two decades, much empirical research has been done in the field of behavioral economics to explain the psychological foundations for economic decisions. In particular, it has been shown that people exhibit time‐inconsistent behavior when making intertemporal decisions, i.e., they demand higher interest rates for a delay of their consumption in the near rather than in the distant future. People also show loss aversion. They demand more compensation for a loss than they are willing to sacrifice for a gain. We analyze these features for the nonmonetary decision of the amount of time invested in learning hours before an exam. Asked at two different points in time, the students were willing to learn more when the time of learning seemed far away than when the learning time had arrived. On the other hand, students were loss averse trying to prevent a deterioration of their grade to a larger extent than when they tried to work for an amelioration. 相似文献
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我国自古以来就具有"非讼"的文化传统,传统社会中,民众对于诉讼多持厌恶反对的态度。而在法制现代化的今天,该现象却依然存在且不在少数。试从该现象的成本收益角度对其进行经济分析,得出当今"非讼"的缘由并提出相应的解决对策。 相似文献
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张鹭 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(2):171-172
垃圾桶决策模式是一种注重组织行为中非理性成分的决策模式理论,它的出现打破了以往决策理论认为决策过程理性、有序的传统。当代中国高校的学生管理工作者在开展学生管理中也需要做大量决策,其决策过程与垃圾桶决策模式的特征非常相似。本文介绍垃圾桶决策模式及其思想,结合自己工作实际,指出当下大学学生管理工作特别是决策过程中管理者应注意的一些关键因素,以便更好的开展大学生管理工作。 相似文献
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Three experiments were conducted to investigate the social learning and transmission of food preferences by excretory marking among adult male Norway rats. The experiments extend our earlier findings that rats prefer to eat from a food bowl marked by the excretory deposits of conspecifics and that this mechanism can result in the communication and social learning of food preferences (Laland & Plotkin, 1991). Here we investigate whether a tradition of food and food site preferences can become established by these means. Experiment 1 established that the residual cues deposited by rats lose their powers of communication as “markers” of food sites over a 72-h period. Experiment 2 showed that while a socially enhanced preference for one flavored diet could be transmitted from one animal to the next along a chain, it was unstable for an alternative diet. This suggests that social transmission may be more stable when it reinforces a prior preference than when it conflicts with one. In Experiment 3, the stability of socially transmitted food preferences was bolstered by the addition of a second process for the communication of diet preferences-namely, gustatory cues on the demonstrator’s breath. This finding suggests that when a socially transmitted trait is mediated by more than one process, the processes may interact, and the diffusion is likely to be more stable. 相似文献
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基于零售商未知市场需求和产品价格下降的情况下,研究双周期订单批量模型中商品定价和订购问题.通过模型分析,证明了零售商的最大期望利益函数是凹函数,从而证明了最优零售价格和最优订购量的存在性.并通过数值试验进一步验证了该模型在实际中的可行性. 相似文献
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Knowing When to Be “Rational”: Flexible Economic Decision Making and Executive Function in Preschool Children 
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下载免费PDF全文 Failure to delay gratification may not indicate poor control or irrationality, but might be an adaptive response. Two studies investigated 3.5‐ and 4.5‐year‐old children's ability to adapt their delay and saving behavior when their preference (e.g., to delay or not delay) became nonadaptive. In Study 1 (N = 140), children's delay preference was associated with a risk of losing rewards. In Study 2 (N = 142), children's saving preference was associated with an inability to play an attractive game. Whereas baseline delaying and saving preferences were unrelated to a standardized executive function measure, children who switched to their nonpreferred choice scored higher, suggesting flexibility of decision‐making may be a more meaningful dependent variable than baseline performance in developmental research on self‐control. 相似文献
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Rats tend to prefer flavors previously consumed under low deprivation to flavors previously consumed under high deprivation (Capaldi & Myers, 1982). We attempted to distinguish among possible associative explanations by determining whether this conditioning phenomenon was based upon conditioned preferences, conditioned aversions, or both. We compared preference for flavors presented exclusively under either high or low deprivation with preference for a neutral flavor. In Experiments 1A and 1B the neutral flavor was one that had been randomly paired with both high and low deprivation, whereas in Experiments 2 and 3 the neutral flavors had not been associated with either high or low deprivation. Our results strongly suggest that this conditioning phenomenon is based upon an actual increase in preference for the flavor consumed under low deprivation rather than on any form of aversion conditioning. 相似文献
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林美珍 《宁德师专学报(自然科学版)》2014,(1):57-61
构建有效完整信息下的停车决策模型,掌握影响停车决策因素和停车决策行为之间的关系有助于为驾驶员提供更为科学的停车决策指导.在确定了影响停车决策的主要影响因子,包括步行距离、停车费用、行车时间与停车取车便捷性等后,采用集成遗传算法与模糊综合评价方法的停车决策模型,最后分析得出驾驶员停车决策行为与影响停车决策因子之间的关系. 相似文献
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Ka Ho Brian Chor Gary M. McClelland Dana A. Weiner Neil Jordan John S. Lyons 《Child abuse & neglect》2013
Out-of-home placement decision-making in child welfare is founded on the best interest of the child in the least restrictive setting. After a child is removed from home, however, little is known about the mechanism of placement decision-making. This study aims to systematically examine the patterns of out-of-home placement decisions made in a state's child welfare system by comparing two models of placement decision-making: a multidisciplinary team decision-making model and a clinically based decision support algorithm. Based on records of 7816 placement decisions representing 6096 children over a 4-year period, hierarchical log-linear modeling characterized concordance or agreement, and discordance or disagreement when comparing the two models and accounting for age-appropriate placement options. Children aged below 16 had an overall concordance rate of 55.7%, most apparent in the least restrictive (20.4%) and the most restrictive placement (18.4%). Older youth showed greater discordant distributions (62.9%). Log-linear analysis confirmed the overall robustness of concordance (odd ratios [ORs] range: 2.9–442.0), though discordance was most evident from small deviations from the decision support algorithm, such as one-level under-placement in group home (OR = 5.3) and one-level over-placement in residential treatment center (OR = 4.8). Concordance should be further explored using child-level clinical and placement stability outcomes. Discordance might be explained by dynamic factors such as availability of placements, caregiver preferences, or policy changes and could be justified by positive child-level outcomes. Empirical placement decision-making is critical to a child's journey in child welfare and should be continuously improved to effect positive child welfare outcomes. 相似文献