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1.
杨卉紫 《喀什师范学院学报》2010,31(5):48-51
时间顺序是人类世界的一种基本现象。时间顺序原则是影响维吾尔语语序的因素之一。在维吾尔语中,复合动词、格成分的排列、动词＋助动词、复合句分句等在时间上存在先后关系的成分在很大程度上遵循PTS原则。此外,影响维吾尔语语序的还有一些其他因素。 相似文献
2.
Two theories of timing, scalar expectancy theory (SET) and learning-to-time (LeT), make substantially different assumptions
about what animals learn in temporal tasks. In a test of these assumptions, pigeons learned two temporal discriminations.
On Type 1 trials, they learned to choose a red key after a 1-sec signal and a green key after a 4-sec signal; on Type 2 trials,
they learned to choose a blue key after a 4-sec signal and a yellow key after either an 8-sec signal (Group 8) or a 16-sec
signal (Group 16). Then, the birds were exposed to signals 1 sec, 4 sec, and 16 sec in length and given a choice between novel
key combinations (red or green vs. blue or yellow). The choice between the green key and the blue key was of particular significance
because both keys were associated with the same 4-sec signal. Whereas SET predicted no effect of the test signal duration
on choice, LeT predicted that preference for green would increase monotonically with the length of the signal but would do
so faster for Group 8 than for Group 16. The results were consistent with LeT, but not with SET. 相似文献
3.
余瑛 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2)
1. Introduction Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), a member of a family of structurally related polypeptides, is a kind of multifunctional protein that can stimulate cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation. In vivo, aFGF displays angiogenic activity promoting vascular endothelial cell mitogenesis as well as chemotaxis and induction of proteases involved in tissue regeneration [1]. Due to this wide range of biological activities, many potential therapeutic usages of aFGF … 相似文献
4.
Because of the evolution towards inclusive education, professional vision becomes a central skill, which is teachers’ ability to notice and reason about classroom situations. Two aspects are quintessential for maximal learning outcomes among diverse learners: positive teacher-student interactions (PTSI) and differentiated instruction (DI). Consequently, this study validates an instrument to measure teachers’ reasoning with regard to PTSI and DI using explorative and confirmatory factor analyses. A total of 991 teachers and 3011 pre-service teachers indicated how crucial PTSI- and DI-arguments were in their comparative judgement of videoclips. Results show that the latent construct of PTSI consist of three subdimensions: individual needs, safe & structured environment, and student involvement. The latent construct of DI consists of four subdimensions: active learning, instructional clarity, adaptive teaching, and flexible grouping. The robustness of these findings across contexts demonstrates the centrality of these dimensions in teachers’ reasoning about inclusive classrooms. 相似文献
5.
Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) cv. Regent and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis Tenuis Sibth. Fl. Oxen.) cv. Tiger. The embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4-7 days and then co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404, which contains plasmid vector-pSBGM harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) coding region and matrix attachment region (MAR). After 3 days of co-cultivation, the calli were washed thoroughly and transferred to MS medium containing 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D, 12-15 mg/L phosphinothricin (PPT) and 250 mg/L of cefotaxime. After 2-3 months of selection, the actively growing calli of 'Regent' and 'Tiger' were transferred to MS medium with 12-15 mg/L PPT and 250 mg/L cefotaxime for regeneration. The putative transformants were maintained on MS medium with 3 mg/L PPT for long period but control died within 1 month. After establishing in greenhouse, the transformants also showed strong resistance to 0.4% of herbicide Basta but control plants died within 2 weeks. Under confocal microscope, both young leaves and roots showed significant GFP expression. PCR analysis revealed the presence of a DNA fragment of GFP gene at the expected size (380 bp) in the transformants and its absence in a randomly selected control plant. 相似文献
6.
Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) cv. Regent and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis Tenuis Sibth. Fl. Oxen.) cv. Tiger. The embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4–7 days and then co-cultivated withAgrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404. which contains plasmid vector-pSBGM harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) coding
region and matrix attachment region (MAR). After 3 days of co-cultivation, the calli were washed thoroughly and transferred
to MS medium containing 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D, 12–15 mg/L phosphinothricin (PPT) and 250 mg/L of cefotaxime. After 2–3 months of
selection, the actively growing calli of ‘Regent’ and ‘Tiger’ were transferred to MS medium with 12–15 mg/L PPT and 250 mg/L
cefotazime for regeneration. The putative transformants were maintained on MS medium with 3 mg/L PPT for long period but control
died within 1 month. After establishing in greenhouse, the transformants also showed strong resistance to 0.4% of herbicide
Basta but control plants died within 2 weeks. Under confocal microscope, both young leaves and roots showed significant GFP
expression. PCR analysis revealed the presence of a DNA fragment of GFP gene at the expected size (380 bp) in the transformants
and its absence in a randomly selected control plant. 相似文献
7.
柴明良 汪炳良 KIM Jae-yeoul LEE Jong-min KIM Doo-hwan 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2003,(3)
INTRODUCTIONCreepingbentgrass (AgrostispalustrisHuds.)isanoutstandingcool seasonspeciesavailableforuseongolfcourseputtinggreens,tees,andcloselymowedfairways.Althoughco lonialbentgrass (AgrostistenuisSibth .Fl.Ox en .)isnotwelladaptedtotheverylowmowingheig… 相似文献
8.
Xue-fen Yang Yue-qin Qiu Li Wang Kai-guo Gao Zong-yong Jiang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(11):884-894
Because of their physiological similarity to humans, pigs provide an excellent model for the study of obesity. This study evaluated diet-induced adiposity in genetically lean pigs and found that body weight and energy intake did not differ between controls and pigs fed the high-fat (HF) diet for three months. However, fat mass percentage, adipocyte size, concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, and leptin in plasma were significantly higher in HF pigs than in controls. The HF diet increased the expression in backfat tissue of genes responsible for cholesterol synthesis such as Insig-1 and Insig-2. Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly up-regulated in backfat tissue, while the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2), both involved in fatty acid oxidation, was reduced. In liver tissue, HF feeding significantly elevated the expression of SREBP-1c, FASN1, DGAT2, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) mRNAs. Microarray analysis further showed that the HF diet had a significant effect on the expression of 576 genes. Among these, 108 genes were related to 21 pathways, with 20 genes involved in adiposity deposition and 26 related to immune response. Our results suggest that an HF diet can induce genetically lean pigs into obesity with body fat mass expansion and adipose-related inflammation. 相似文献
9.
Endometrial stromal tumors(ESTs) include endometrial stromal nodule(ESN), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma(LG-ESS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma(HG-ESS), and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma(UUS). Since these are rare tumor types, there is an unmet clinical need for the systematic therapy of advanced LG-ESS or HG-ESS. Cytogenetic and molecular advances in ESTs have shown that multiple recurrent gene fusions are present in a large proportion of LG-ESSs, and HG-ESSs are identified by the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon(YWHAE)-family with sequence similarity 22(FAM22) fusion. Recently, a group of ESSs harboring both zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein7 B(ZC3H7B)-B-cell lymphoma 6 corepressor(BCOR) fusion and internal tandem duplication(ITD) of the BCOR gene have been provisionally classified as HG-ESSs. In this review, we firstly describe current knowledge about the molecular characteristics of recurrent aberrant proteins and their roles in the tumorigenesis of LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs. Next, we summarize the possibly shared signal pathways in the tumorigenesis of LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs, and list potentially actionable targets. Finally, based on the above discussion, we propose a few promising therapeutic strategies for LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs with recurrent gene alterations. 相似文献
10.
The primary aim of the current study was to examine the longitudinal effects of ongoing physical abuse on the co-development of externalizing behavior problems and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms among child welfare-involved adolescents. Using three waves of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, we performed unconditional and conditional parallel process latent growth curve modeling in a structural equation modeling framework. The study sample included 491 adolescents who were between 11 and 13 years of age at baseline. Higher levels of initial PTS symptoms were associated with higher levels of externalizing behavior problems, but the rate of change in PTS symptoms were not significantly associated with the rate of change in externalizing behavior problems over time. Although physical abuse was concurrently associated with both externalizing behavior problems and PTS symptoms at all assessment points, there were no lagged effects. Additionally, we found that physical abuse indirectly affects subsequent development of externalizing behavior problems and PTS symptoms through ongoing physical abuse. Findings highlight the comorbidity of externalizing behaviors and PTS symptoms among early adolescents in the child welfare system, underlining the importance of screening for and addressing these problems simultaneously. Findings also point to the need for continued assessment of and protection from ongoing physical abuse during adolescence. 相似文献
11.
Insight in the way teachers' beliefs filter their interpretation of inclusive classrooms is vital to support teachers’ competences to teach diverse learners. This study explores how three types of teacher beliefs about teaching diverse learners (i.e., professional beliefs about diversity, beliefs about differentiating the curriculum, and growth mindset) are associated with their noticing of two key aspects of effective inclusive classrooms (i.e. positive teacher-student interactions (PTSI) and differentiated instruction (DI)). Data was collected in a sample of secondary education teachers (N = 462) in Flemish schools (N = 23). Teacher beliefs were measured by survey scales, while teachers’ noticing of PTSI and DI was assessed by a standardised video-based comparative judgement instrument. Survey and video data were combined in a multivariate multilevel framework. Findings indicate that teachers’ professional beliefs about diversity and beliefs about differentiating the curriculum serve as filters for noticing PTSI and DI in videoclips. For teachers’ growth mindset no significant relationship was found. These associations did not change when taking into account teachers’ sex, age, educational background or experience. Furthermore, a small part of the differences in teachers’ noticing DI is explained by the school level, suggesting that teachers within a school can share a vision. Results are discussed in the light of teacher thinking for inclusive classrooms and implications for teacher professional development. 相似文献
12.
INTRODUCTION Soil-borne pathogens, including Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp., cause significant yield losses in horticulture and agriculture crops (Mao et al., 1997). Current practices for controlling plant diseases are based largely on disease resistant crops, cultivation management in fields and application of synthetic pesticides (Elizabeth and Emmert, 1999). Biological control using antagonistic microbes to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in a system of integrated plantdisease … 相似文献
13.
The development of excitatory backward associations in pigeons was demonstrated in three experiments involving conditional discriminations with differential outcomes. In Phase 1 of all three experiments, correct comparison choices following one sample were followed by food, whereas correct comparison choices following the other sample were followed by presentation of an empty feeder. In Phase 2, the food and no-food events that served as outcomes in Phase 1 replaced the samples. When the associations tested in Phase 2 were consistent with the comparison-outcome associations developed in Phase 1, transfer performance was significantly better than when the Phase 2 associations were inconsistent with the Phase 1 associations. In Experiment 1, an identity matching-to-sample task was used with red and green samples and red and green comparisons. In Experiment 2, a symbolic matching task was used with shape samples and hue comparisons, and it was shown that the backward associations formed were between the trial outcome (food or no food) and the correct comparison. In Experiment 3, it was determined that the transfer effects observed in these experiments did not depend on either the similarity of behavior directed toward the samples in the training and test phases, or the similarity of food and no-foodexpectancies generated by the samples in Phase 1 to food and no-foodevents presented as samples in Phase 2. 相似文献
14.
Thomas R. Zentall Lou M. Sherburne Janice N. Steirn Christopher K. Randall Karen L. Roper Peter J. Urcuioli 《Learning & behavior》1992,20(4):373-381
Common coding in pigeons was examined using a delayed conditional discrimination in which each sample stimulus was associated with two different comparison stimuli (one-to-many mapping). In Experiment 1, pigeons matched circle and dot samples to red and green hues and vertical and horizontal line orientations. In Experiment 2, the samples were red and green and the comparisons were vertical and horizontal spatial positions (up vs. down and left vs. right). Following acquisition to high levels of accuracy in each experiment, the associations between the samples and either both sets or only one set of comparisons were reversed. Pigeons learned the total reversals faster than the partial reversals. These results suggest that when different comparisons are associated with a common sample, they may become functionally equivalent. 相似文献
15.
INTRODUCTION S.coelicolor as a model system has been ex-tensively studied with the aid of genetic and mo-lecular techniques. Its ability to produce four anti-biotics (Hopwood et al., 1995), namely actinorhodin (Act), undecylprodigiosin (Red), Calcium-Depend- ent Antibiotic (CDA) and methylenomycin (Mmy), enables studies of pathyway-specific and pleiotropic regulation of antibiotic production. In which, Red is a red-pigmented antibiotic and Act is coelicolor- pigmented antibiotic tha… 相似文献
16.
Two-component genes are kinds of genetic elements involved in regulation of antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor. DNA microarray analysis revealed that ecrA1/A2, which mapped at distant sites from red locus and encode respectively the kinase and regulator, expressed coordinately with genes of Red specific biosynthetic pathway, ecrA1 and ecrA2 gene-disruptive mutants were constructed using homogenotisation by reciprocal double crossover. Fermentation data showed that the undecylprodigiosin (Red) level of production was lower than that of wild-type strain. However, the change of the actinorhodin (Act) production level was not significant compared with wild type. Thus, these experiment results confirmed that the two-component system ecrA 1/A2 was positive regulatory element for red gene cluster. 相似文献
17.
Promoter trapping in Magnaporthe grisea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
INTRODUCTION Magnaporthe grisea is a filamentous ascomy- cete that parasitizes economically important crops, such as barley, wheat, and rice (Talbot, 2003). It is also a good experimental model for studying fungal pathogenesis by both classical and molecular genetics (Dean, 1997). In recent years, many techniques have been developed to identify functional genes in M. grisea (Kamakura et al., 1999; Rauyaree et al., 2001; Takano et al., 2003; Irie et al., 2003; Lu et al., 2005). Of these… 相似文献
18.
Proteins are major functional units that are tightly connected to form complex and dynamic networks.These networks enable cells and organisms to operate properly and respond efficiently to environmental cues.Over the past decades,many biochemical methods have been developed to search for protein-binding partners in order to understand how protein networks are constructed and connected.At the same time,rapid development in proteomics and mass spectrometry(MS)techniques makes it possible to identify interacting proteins and build comprehensive protein-protein interaction networks.The resulting interactomes and networks have proven informative in the investigation of biological functions,such as in the field of DNA damage repair.In recent years,a number of proteins involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways have been uncovered with MS-based protein-protein interaction studies.As the technologies for enriching associated proteins and MS become more sophisticated,the studies of protein-protein interactions are entering a new era.In this review,we summarize the strategies and recent developments for exploring protein-protein interaction.In addition,we discuss the application of these tools in the investigation of protein-protein interaction networks involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair. 相似文献
19.
In Experiment 1, three food-deprived pigeons received trials that began with red or green illumination of the center pecking key. Two or four pecks on this sample key turned it off and initiated a 0- to 10-sec delay. Following the delay, the two outer comparison keys were illuminated, one with red and one with green light. In one condition, a single peck on either of these keys turned the other key off and produced either grain reinforcement (if the comparison that was pecked matched the preceding sample) or the intertrial interval (if it did not match). In other conditions, 3 or 15 additional pecks were required to produce reinforcement or the intertrial interval. The frequency of pecking the matching comparison stimulus (matching accuracy) decreased as the delay increased, increased as the sample ratio was increased, and decreased as the comparison ratio was increased. The results of Experiment 2 suggested that higher comparison ratios adversely affect matching accuracy primarily by delaying reinforcement for choosing the correct comparison. The results of Experiment 3, in which delay of reinforcement for choosing the matching comparison was manipulated, confirmed that delayed reinforcement decreases matching accuracy. 相似文献
20.
中国古代陶瓷工业的铜呈色发展史经历了唐以前的低温氧化气氛下的铜绿釉到宋以后高温还原气氛下的铜红釉两大阶段。宋代河南禹州钧窑铜红釉的烧成是瓷釉铜呈色工艺达到成熟的表现,并且改变了以往只有青釉、白釉、黑釉等单色釉的单调局面,将中国的制瓷业带入到色彩斑斓的新时代,在中国陶瓷工艺史上具有里程碑式的意义,并对后世瓷器生产产生了广泛而深远的影响。 相似文献