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1.
This article concerns student sense making in the context of algebraic activities. We present a case in which a pair of middle-school students attempts to make sense of a previously obtained by them position formula for a particular numerical sequence. The exploration of the sequence occurred in the context of two-month-long student research project. The data were collected from the students’ drafts, audiotaped meetings of the students with the teacher and a follow-up interview. The data analysis was aimed at identification and characterization of the algebraic activities in which the students were engaged and the processes involved in the students’ sense-making quest. We found that sense-making process consisted of a sequence of generational and transformational algebraic activities in the overarching context of a global, meta-level activity, long-term problem solving. In this sense-making process, the students: (1) formulated and justified claims; (2) made generalizations, (3) found the mechanisms behind the algebraic objects (i.e., answered why-questions); and (4) established coherence among the explored objects. The findings are summarized as a suggestion for a four component decomposition of algebraic sense making. 相似文献
2.
代数式的内容 ,在七年级数学课程中是极为重要的部分 ,同时又是以往使学生感到枯燥乏味的部分。新世纪版实验教材 ,一反传统上代数式的内容主要以运算为主的设计 ,突出了代数式的表示功能、突出了代数式与现实问题的联系、突出了学生对代数式意义的理解。对于代数式的运算 ,一方面降低了运算的难度 ,一方面突出了代数式运算的意义 相似文献
3.
This study examined situation-specific coping strategies of students with different achievement goals as they take part in
inquiry learning. A case study was conducted in a Finnish elementary school. 21 ten-year-old students participated in the
study. Two types of data were collected: (1) Students self-reported questionnaires on achievement goals, (2) Video data on
the students' learning processes and social interaction. The results revealed the importance of a situative perspective in
instructional design, since the students not only differed in their coping attempts regarding their initial goals but also
according to their individual situational interpretations that mediated their active coping attempts. Some of the non-learning-focused
students had difficulties engaging in the working procedures. A lack of teacher's concrete and precise guidance in both cognitive
and motivational sense appeared to explain this phenomenon. 相似文献
4.
范东生 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2007,26(2):106-110
外语学生解决了基本的语言困难以后,还可能在阅读理解上面临一些隐性困难,包括在搭建理解框架的过程中由于背景的模糊和价值观的冲突而造成的干扰。实证研究通过对比中国学生和英语本族语读者对一篇阅读材料及其相关问卷的反馈之研究,显示了在理解框架的构建过程中由于跨文化因素而产生的差别,以及中国学生阅读过程中的心理状态,发现了他们在搭建理解框架时的困难,分析产生模糊感和距离感的原因。 相似文献
5.
Luis Radford 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2000,42(3):237-268
The purpose of this article, which is part of a longitudinal classroom research about students' algebraic symbolizations,
is twofold: (1) to investigate the way students use signs and endow them with meaning in their very first encounter with the
algebraic generalization of patterns and(2) to provide accounts about the students' emergent algebraic thinking. The research
draws from Vygotsky's historical-cultural school of psychology, on the one hand, and from Bakhtin and Voloshinov's theory
of discourse on the other, and is grounded in a semiotic-cultural theoretical framework in which algebraic thinking is considered
as a sign-mediated cognitive praxis. Within this theoretical framework, the students' algebraic activity is investigated in the interaction of the individual's
subjectivity and the social means of semiotic objectification. An ethnographic qualitative methodology, supported by historic,
epistemological research, ensured the design and interpretation of a set of teaching activities. The paper focuses on the
discussion held by a small group of students of which an interpretative, situated discourse analysis is provided. The results
shed some light on the students' production of (oral and written) signs and their meanings as they engage in the construction
of expressions of mathematical generality and on the social nature of their emergent algebraic thinking.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Kwaku Adu-Gyamfi Michael J. Bossé 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(1):167-192
This study examined student actions, interpretations, and language in respect to questions raised regarding tabular, graphical, and algebraic representations in the context of functions. The purpose was to investigate students’ interpretations and specific ways of working within table, graph, and the algebraic on notions fundamental to a conceptualization of linear functions. Through a case study method which investigated individual representations and student articulations within them, the study revealed that students can make a transition from a given representation of linear function to another and yet demonstrate limited understanding of linear functions. 相似文献
7.
倪军健 《金华职业技术学院学报》2009,9(2):86-89
应用题解答是小学生学习数学的难点。分析解答应用题困难的成因,是为了探索提高学生解答应用题能力的教学策略。以四年级数优生和数困生为样本,对比研究发现,提高学生难度判断与自信心水平是增强数困生解答应用题能力的有效途径。 相似文献
8.
Purificación Rodríguez M. Oliva Lago M. Lourdes Hernández Laura Jiménez Silvia Guerrero Sonia Caballero 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(4):529-543
Division-With-Remainder (DWR) problems are particularly complex, as suggested in many studies. The purpose of this work was to establish whether students’ difficulties in DWR problems came from an inadequate initial representation or from an inadequate final interpretation of the numerical answers, and whether remainders could be grouped into two blocks depending on the kind of answer, either directly matching the terms of the division or not. Forty-five Spanish secondary students, aged 12–13, were requested to solve two Types of Division Situations (i.e., Equal Groups and Comparison), each one involving four Types of Remainder (i.e., Remainder-Not-Divisible, Remainder-Divisible, Remainder-as-the-Result, and Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments). Our data showed that: (a) the selection of the correct solution procedure depended on the Type of Division Situations, being easier in Equal Groups than in Comparison problems; (b) correct interpretations were higher than the percentages reported in other researches; and (c) success in problems whose answers were the quotient or the remainder was higher than in Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments problems. The results obtained suggest that students’ difficulties originate in the initial representation of the DWR problems and that it would be more adequate to refer to the difficulty of Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments problems in particular, rather than to the difficulty of DWR problems in general. 相似文献
9.
The article reports aspects of the evolution of a teaching approach over repeated trials for beginning symbolic algebra. The teaching approach emphasized the structural similarity between arithmetic and algebraic expressions and aimed at supporting students in making a transition from arithmetic to beginning algebra. The study was conducted with grade 6 students over 2 years. Thirty-one students were followed for a year, and data were analysed as they participated in the three trials conducted that year. Analysis of students’ written and interview responses as the approach evolved revealed the potential of the approach in creating meaning for symbolic transformations in the context of both arithmetic and algebra as well as making connections between arithmetic and symbolic algebra. Students by the end of the trials learnt to use their understanding of both procedures and a sense of structure of expressions to evaluate/simplify expressions and reason about equality/equivalence of expressions both in the arithmetic and the algebraic contexts. 相似文献
10.
Hui-Ju Huang 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2006,4(3):391-415
The study explores students' use of language in the process of making sense of genetics concepts. It aims to analyze primary
and secondary discourses, and examine the relationship between social practices and discourses. Sixth-grade students were
interviewed before and during four weeks instruction on genetics. General trends were detected regarding border crossing between
discourse communities and the difficulties and ease of moving among informal experience, social practices, primary discourse
of family, friends and community, and secondary discourse of science and school instruction. Two comprehensive case summaries
– Debbie and Sam – are presented in the paper. Debbie took what she experienced in her social life as criteria to discuss
how people resembled one another. However, the language practiced in the classroom was different from Debbie's familiar language.
Debbie thus experienced a conflict between primary and secondary discourses. Sam's school education and home environment provided
an aligned social context with rich scientific ties that nurtured his use of secondary discourse practices in thinking and
learning science. We recommend that science instruction needs to build a learning community where students' discourses will
be recognized and border crossings between discourses facilitated in the process of learning science.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
11.
翻转课堂、混合课堂等新型教学模式的出现,让学生可以通过在线视频提前预习知识。但是,在这种非面对面的课堂,教师无法观察到学生观看视频的状态,不易识别预期的教学难点与学生在视频学习过程中实际感知到的难点是否一致。为解决这一问题,文章通过采集学生预习视频时的交互行为数据还原学生的视频观看轨迹,采用聚类分析法来诊断学生预习视频时感知到的实际难点;同时,通过对在线测试答题正确率进行分析得到的结论、半结构化访谈中学生对视频学习难易度的反馈分别与对学生视频观看轨迹进行聚类得出的结论进行对比,发现结果趋于一致,由此验证了文章提出的难度感知诊断方法的可行性与有效性。难度感知诊断方法依靠客观行为数据更加精准地掌握学生的学习难点,为提高课堂教学效率提供了有力保障。 相似文献
12.
职业定向不明确,就业准备不充分,职业规划不及时,就业观存在偏差,是地方综合院校大学生在就业准备中存在的主要问题。产生这些问题的原因主要有两个：一是大学生缺少人生规划,社会角色转换的意识和能力较低;二是学校就业指导实施措施与学生的实际需要之间存在一些错位。要解决这些问题,大学生需要做好人生规划、职业规划和角色转换的准备;学校就业指导工作需更具针对性、连续性和系统性。 相似文献
13.
明树杰 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2006,26(6):129-132
从2003年开始,我校已经对大学英语分级教学进行了连续三年多的实践与探索.在这个过程中,我们取得了一些成绩,也面临着许多亟待解决的棘手问题.在问题面前,少数教师对分级教学产生怀疑.分析发现,通过分级教学,一方面做到了因材施教,有的放矢;另一方面,在分级教学中我们引入了强有力的竞争机制,使得学生对学习变压力为动力,更好地激发他们的学习热情;同时调动了教师教学的积极性和创造性,保证了教学质量的整体提高. 相似文献
14.
Telling Their Side of the Story: African-American Students' Perceptions of Culturally Relevant Teaching 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An increasing amount of scholarship has documented the salience of culturally relevant teaching practices for ethnically and linguistically diverse students. However, research examining these students' perceptions and interpretations of these learning environments has been minimal at best. In this article, the author details the findings from a study that sought to assess African-American elementary students' interpretations of culturally relevant teachers within urban contexts. Student responses indicated that culturally relevant teaching strategies had a positive affect on student effort and engagement in class content and were consistent with the theoretical principles of culturally relevant pedagogy. The qualitative data revealed three key findings that students preferred in their learning environments (1) teachers who displayed caring bonds and attitudes toward them, (2) teachers who established community- and family-type classroom environments, and (3) teachers who made learning an entertaining and fun process. 相似文献
15.
Leigh A. van den Kieboom Marta T. Magiera John C. Moyer 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2014,17(5):429-461
In this study, we explored the relationship between prospective teachers’ algebraic thinking and the questions they posed during one-on-one diagnostic interviews that focused on investigating the algebraic thinking of middle school students. To do so, we evaluated prospective teachers’ algebraic thinking proficiency across 125 algebra-based tasks and we analyzed the characteristics of questions they posed during the interviews. We found that prospective teachers with lower algebraic thinking proficiency did not ask any probing questions. Instead, they either posed questions that simply accepted and affirmed student responses or posed questions that guided the students toward an answer without probing student thinking. In contrast, prospective teachers with higher algebraic thinking proficiency were able to pose probing questions to investigate student thinking or help students clarify their thinking. However, less than half of their questions were of this probing type. These results suggest that prospective teachers’ algebraic thinking proficiency is related to the types of questions they ask to explore the algebraic thinking of students. Implications for mathematics teacher education are discussed. 相似文献
16.
A simple modification to the method of answering and scoring multiple choice tests allows students to indicate their estimates
of the probability of the correctness of the multiple choice options for each question, without affecting the validity of
the assessment. A study was conducted using a test that investigated common misconceptions in mechanics. The study showed
that for assessment purposes this method gives results that are very similar to results obtained by students who answer in
the traditional manner. Year 12 Physics students (N=85) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: one received a standard
format multiple choice test, the other a test format allowing students to select more than one response in a multiple choice
test, and to distribute their marks among their chosen optionsl An analysis of the students' uncertainties is used to argue
that not only can students appeal to different conceptions in different contexts, but that they can also hold conflicting
conceptions with respect to a single context. 相似文献
17.
褚远辉 《洛阳师范学院学报》2000,19(4):80-81
学生对教师的“认同感” ,作为师生在相互交流过程中产生的一种情感传输效应 ,它在教育教学和良好师生关系的建立等方面都具有重要的作用。学生对教师认同与否主要取决于教师自身的素质 ,同时学生的崇师心理、受教感、向师性是这种认同感产生的心理基础 ,而其客观因素 ,则是学生身心发展的未成熟性所决定的。在教育教学中 ,教师应该充分珍惜学生认同教师的自然和心理倾向 ,努力提高自身的素质 ,争取最佳的教育效果。 相似文献
18.
19.
吉标 《青岛大学师范学院学报》2011,28(2):47-50
在教学生活中,教师被赋予一定权力来管理学生、维持课堂秩序和组织教学活动。这种权力是一种公共权力。如果教师滥用赋予自身的合法权力,就很容易导致暴力的产生。教学生活中的暴力建立在不平等的师生关系之上,它给学生造成的危害是相当严重的,它会压制学生的主动精神和参与意识,造成学生的双重人格并泯灭学生的个体尊严。在当今时代背景下,要消除教学生活中的暴力,就必须＂多管齐下＂：既需要教师对自身的权力欲望保持警惕和克制,也需要靠教师养成民主的素养,更需要通过加强学校制度建设,用制度规范来约束教师权力的滥用。 相似文献
20.
Science learning and a Sense of Place in a Urban Middle School 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper offers an analysis into low-income, urban middle school children's sense of place and what and how their sense
of place matters in science learning by focusing on the following questions: In what ways is students' sense of place leveraged
in a science classroom? How does the content and context of science class shape how students leverage their sense of place?
What learning opportunities emerge when sense of place is leveraged in class? Drawing from an ethnographic investigation into
an environmental statistics class in a mid-sized public middle school, we examined sense of place events from their source,
process, and outcome perspectives. Our findings are presented from two aspects of sense of place events, (1) characterizing
students' sense of place by exploring sources of the sense of place events, and (2) examining processes of how students' sense
of place is being leveraged in the episodes. We also examine two kinds of tensions that emerge in the class when sense of
place is leveraged by students and acknowledged by the teacher: epistemological tensions (related to what the students are learning) and procedural tensions (related to how they are learning). 相似文献