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1.
Duncan Hill 《Higher Education Quarterly》2011,65(1):3-11
This article examines the tensions created by academic freedom and grading in universities between academic staff and academic administration. Additionally, the impact of grading and academic standards on students' academic freedom is addressed, as well as the impact of corporatisation in the academy. By reviewing the existing literature and case law related to academic freedom and grading, this article aims to clarify the importance and impact of grading in universities, particularly as it relates to policy development and the application of academic standards. 相似文献
2.
Martyn Hammersley 《Higher Education Quarterly》2016,70(2):108-126
It is widely recognised that academic freedom is currently under threat. But there is also considerable dispute about the meaning of the term. In this paper I examine two recent and important accounts of the nature of academic freedom that seek to distinguish it clearly from free speech. Such a distinction is, in my view, essential. The aim of the paper is to clarify and resolve differences between these two accounts, and thereby to develop further the conceptualisation of academic freedom. 相似文献
3.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN EUROPE: REVIEWING UNESCO'S RECOMMENDATION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the compliance of universities in the European Union with the UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher–Education Teaching Personnel, which deals primarily with protection for academic freedom. The paper briefly surveys the European genesis of the modern research university and academic freedom, before evaluating compliance with the UNESCO recommendation on institutional autonomy, academic freedom, university governance and tenure. Following from this, the paper examines the reasons for the generally low level of compliance with the UNESCO Recommendation within the EU states, and considers how such compliance could be improved . 相似文献
4.
大学精神的困惑 总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36
LENG Yu-sheng 《高等教育研究》2004,(1)
以北大精神为代表的中国大学精神,是以爱国主义为主导的学术自由的精神。近50多年来,中国大学精神的传统既有传承,也有失落,当前面临着独立性与依附性,学术性与功利性两大矛盾。为了发扬学术自由的精神,必须坚持大学的独立性,正确处理大学与政府的关系,正确处理学术性与功利性的关系。同时,为了改善大学精神的制度环境,很有必要制订我国专门的《保障学术自由法》。 相似文献
5.
学术自由之于发展高深学问的重要性,已是教育界的普遍共识。但学术自由重要性,学术自由的理论基础并非不证自明。为了避免学术自由被怀疑、误解,无疑要从理论上进行阐述。基于此,本文拟从学术自由的概念、理论基础及保障自由等方面作深入探讨。 相似文献
6.
The current debate about academic freedom has been marked by a lack of clarity and consistency as to what academic freedom actually means. Sometimes it is described solely in terms of individual freedoms; at others in terms of an interplay between individual, collegial and institutional freedoms. Sometimes it is presented as a set of rights; at others, as a pairing of rights and responsibilities. This paper presents an empirical investigation of the range of understandings of academic freedom experienced amongst social scientists in Australian universities. The investigation was undertaken from a phenomenographic perspective and five different ways of understanding academic freedom were constituted, based on two primary dimensions of variation in views: the types of constraints regarded as an appropriate part of academic freedom; and the role of self and other (i.e., peers, institution, society) in creating academic freedom. The structural relationships found between different ways of viewing academic freedom in this study provides a broader framework within which to interpret the range of views found in the literature and public debate. 相似文献
7.
Michael Kubara 《Interchange》1996,27(2):111-123
Having survived threats from a wide variety of ideologies (isms), religious and secular, going back to the first commandment, academic freedom is again under the gun of ideological fashion (orthodoxy, political correctness), plutocracy and feminism — at least the more extremist wings. The paper offers an analysis and justification of the traditional concept of academic freedom — the discretionary (but limited) rights of academics over a wide range of activities under the headings of teaching and research. The justification collects three lines of argument: (a) rights of the competent, (b) institutional benefits of separation of powers, and (c) the implications of fallibilism. Focus then shifts to an analysis and critique of a recent feminist revision of academic freedom. Implementing a common stratagem, freedom gets redefined as duties of affirmative action toward women (and minorities). A critique of this revision is sketched. 相似文献
8.
何淑通 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2011,15(5):21-25
学术权力是近年来我国高等教育理论界和实践界关注的焦点之一。中西方学者在进行学术权力的理论研究时,在概念内涵的界定、研究目的和学科视角三个方面存在明显的不同。在学术权力的实际运行中,中西方在学术权力所依存的组织性质、所处的制度环境和支撑学术权力运行的文化传统三个方面存在差别。这对我们的启示有三：要以大学自治与学术自由作为培育学术权力的基石;要注意运用多学科视角开展学术权力的理论研究;要从系统的观点出发进行大学的改革,从而彰显学术权力。 相似文献
9.
马克思主义宗教观研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘元春 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,30(3):75-80,136
20世纪八九十年代，学术界遵循“学术需理性，信仰要宽容”的原则开展宗教研究。如何理解“宗教是人民的鸦片”这句话，是学术界争论最为激烈的核心问题。长期以来，“鸦片论”一直作为我国宗教工作和宗教研究的出发点和最终归宿，甚至把它概括为马克思主义宗教观的理论根本。其实，“鸦片”是马克思承袭前人的提法，是对宗教在阶级社会中一定条件下所起消极作用的形象化比喻，不能把它归结为马克思主义宗教观。马克思主义宗教观是制定宗教政策的理论依据，而宗教信仰自由政策是马克思主义宗教观在实践中运用的结果。“积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应”的思想，充分体现了实事求是的精神，堪称对马克思主义宗教观理论的创造性发展。 相似文献
10.
Bernice Schrank 《Interchange》1997,28(4):351-362
W. Richard Bond's “Zero Tolerance: A New Enemy of Academic Freedom?,” Michael Kubara's “Academic Freedom,” and Fred Wilson's “In Defence of Speech Codes” included in the Symposium published in Interchange, Volume 27, #2, 1996, deal with the role and importance of academic freedom in Canadian universities and the pressures both within and without the academy for its attenuation. Although the Bond paper begins with the recent controversy in Ontario universities over the attempted introduction of a policy of zero tolerance of harassment and discrimination, it quickly moves to a summary of the traditional position regarding academic freedom in which that right is balanced by a corresponding responsibility. As insistent as Bond on the importance of academic freedom, Kubara and Wilson both approach the topic in a more argumentative fashion. Kubara and Wilson differ, however, in the kinds of arguments they propound. Kubara defends the traditional liberal conception of the university and attacks what he regards as the trendy feminist attack on academic freedom. Wilson recognizes that along with the rights bestowed by the acceptance of the principle of academic freedom is an obligation to engage in rational debate. The mechanism in Wilson's view for ensuring such debate is a well-crafted speech code in which professionally unacceptable speech acts are unambiguously defined. The fundamental difference between these two positions is that, whereas Kubara advocates an academic discourse that is as unfettered as is permissible within the law, Wilson proposes stricter limitations. I will discuss the Bond, Kubara, and Wilson papers in turn, commenting briefly on their positions. I will then present my own position on academic freedom and speech codes. 相似文献
11.
文礼朋 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2000,29(3):122-126
由于法国大革命的特殊经历,19世纪上半期的法国成为自由主义理论发展的中的心,贡期刊当与托克维尔代是其中最杰出的代表。他们探讨的关键问题是,在一个正在到来的民主社会里如保护个人自由。他们对自由概念、对无限人民主权悖论的探讨,对多数暴政的阐述,对自主社团与自由关系的分析,对民主功用的发挥,为自由、民主理论的发展作出了重要贡献。 相似文献
12.
Although research on academic self-regulation has proliferated in recent years, no studies have investigated the question of whether the perceived usefulness and the use of standard self-regulated learning strategies and compensation strategies provide a differential prediction of academic achievement for university students with and without learning disabilities (LD). We developed and tested a model explaining interrelationships among self-regulatory variables and grade point average (GPA) using structural equation modeling and multiple group analysis for students with LD (n = 53) and without LD (n = 421). Data were gathered using a new instrument, the Learning Strategies and Study Skills survey. The results of this study indicate that students with LD differed significantly from students without LD in the relationships between their motivation for and use of standard self-regulated learning strategies and compensation strategies, which in turn provided a differential explanation of academic achievement for students with and without LD. These paths of influence and idiosyncrasies of academic self-regulation among students with LD were interpreted in terms of social cognitive theory, metacognitive theory, and research conducted in the LD field. 相似文献
13.
In light of multiple, dispersed forms of online civic participation, we must reconceptualize how public intervention into policy production and enactment takes place. This study examines a case of academic and operational restructuring termed ‘TransformUS’ that took place at a Canadian university in Saskatchewan from 2013 to 2014. Our analysis centers on a sequence of high profile events in May 2014 at the University of Saskatchewan, sparked by the firing of a tenured dean who publicly criticized TransformUs. We examine the mobilization of this policy conflict, and specifically, how discourses and actors were implicated in its movement, alongside articulations of neoliberalism/anti-neoliberalism and academic freedom. We analyze data posted by Twitter users (tweets), in combination with hyperlinked articles, to examine content and methods of communication. We argue that broader mobilization of TransformUs was enabled through the decontexualization of a localized conflict situation and its recontextualization as an issue of academic freedom. 相似文献
14.
大学自治权的法源探析——基于学术自由制度性保障的视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大陆法系国家宪法学中的"学术自由的制度性保障"理论奠定了西方大学自治的法理基础,并使大学自治权获得了宪法上的保障。本文在分析"学术自由的制度性保障"理论的基础上对大学自治权的法律性质及其界限等问题进行了探讨,期望能对我国的相关方面的研究起到推动和借鉴作用。 相似文献
15.
学术自由与学术规范对我国切实性问题的思考 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
学术自由与学术规范,是学术活动的两大基础,缺一不可。我国目前学术界的问题,恰恰在于存在着相互矛盾着的两个方面:一方面是自由不够,规范泛滥;另一方面是规范不够,自由泛滥。两方面相加的结果,大大损害了我国的学术事业。为此,必须加强制度建设和道德建设,构建符合我国国情的学术自由与学术规范。 相似文献
16.
别尔嘉耶夫所谈论的“关”与自由问题息息相关。对他而言，美的问题实际是人的问题，它关涉到人与世界、人与精神的关系。关发生在精神的召唤与人对此召唤的回应之中，是人参与到上帝的创造中去。关就是在这种创造中精神对客体化世界奴役的斗争及胜利，由此人原初的自由向精神或上帝的王国抵达而成为真正的自由。在他的理论中，关由自由来解释，而关却解释着上帝的国度，它实质上表达的是别尔嘉耶夫对人的最高价值作出的判断和与其相关的使命意识。 相似文献
17.
学术自由的实现与现代大学制度的建构 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
学术自由的实现既包括“外在自由”的实现又包括“内心自由”的实现 ,故学术自由的实现有内外两种尺度 :外在的尺度主要体现为保障学术自由的政策法规在多大程度上得到完善 ,内在的尺度则表现为学术自由作为一种理念在多大程度上得到认同。学术自由的实现与现代大学制度的建构密切相关。我国建构现代大学制度 ,既要完善旨在保护学术自由的外在制度 ,又要培育以学术自由精神为核心的内在制度 相似文献
18.
学习自由是学术自由的一个重要组成部分,从强调单一的学术自治发展到重视学生的学习自由,学术自由经历了漫长的过程。作为一种自由,学习自由既有哲学层面的涵义,又有可操作层面的涵义。学习自由是高校学生应有的一种权利,其必要性是由高校和学生本身的特点,以及培养创新性人才的时代要求决定的。学习自由不是绝对的自由,需要有一定的限制。这种限制在认识和具体执行中分为两种,积极的限制实际上是一种必需的引导,消极的限制是认识上的误导,需要纠正。 相似文献
19.
针对当前理论研究者社会责任缺失的现状,论文通过文献研究与思辨研究阐明了教育理论研究者所应履行的政治、经济、文化、教育、道德等社会责任的内容,提出了其实现社会责任需要具备四方面的条件:理论创新与学术自律的个体条件、学术自由与学术民主的社会环境条件、学术共同体与学派形成的群体条件以及理论与实践相统一的实践条件。 相似文献
20.
Lewis Elton 《Higher Education Quarterly》2008,62(3):224-236