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To westernize the nations? An analysis of the International Baccalaureate's philosophy of education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lodewijk van Oord 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2007,37(3):375-390
The International Baccalaureate was developed in the late 1960s with the purpose of providing international schools with a pre‐university curriculum recognized by universities around the world. The educational programmes offered by the International Baccalaureate Organization claim to foster international understanding and an appreciation of the variety of cultures. The question which content must be taught in order to enable students to become internationally‐minded has occasionally been addressed, while questions on the philosophy and epistemology of such an international education have largely been ignored. This article sets out to analyse the educational philosophy that underpins the programmes offered by the International Baccalaureate Organization, by taking the Diploma Programme as a case study. It is argued that the programme is overtly international at the content level but thoroughly western at the epistemological level. This leads to a partial incompatabilty of goals that the International Baccalaureate Organization will have to face and address. 相似文献
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李世安 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,30(5):81-85
儒家文化是一种人文主义文化,处处闪耀着重人重民的人文主义光芒,其中就含有一定的人权思想。这些人权思想对世界文明做出过重大贡献。但是由于种种原因,儒家的人权思想长期被忽视了。儒家文化所含的人权思想包含在儒家有关的伦理和道德之中。儒家并没有直接提出“人权”这个词汇,而是使用人性、仁爱、至诚、民本、仁政、中庸、和为贵以及天人合一等词汇来表达其人权理念。因此,儒家思想中包含的人权思想是一种伦理型人权思想。儒家人权思想诞生在封建社会,不可避免地打上了阶级和时代的烙印,其中有不少的封建糟粕,儒家把人权的实现,寄托在“道德”的力量上,依靠“仁君”,而不是寄托在制度改革的基础上,这就使儒家人权的实现没有法律和制度的保障。儒家希望靠“仁政”和“德治”来实现人的权利,是一种消极被动的人权思想。但从整体来说,儒家文化的人权思想是中华民族的优秀文化传统之一,是中华民族的优秀文化遗产,对中国和世界民主思想的发展做出过巨大贡献,并且仍将对新世纪世界人权事业的发展产生影响。 相似文献
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青少年移情水平与网络亲社会行为的研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
本研究通过问卷法对426名高中生的网络环境下的亲社会行为表现与其移情水平的关系进行调查,结果表明：1.高中生在网络上的亲社会行为表现比较乐观,其网络亲社会行为表现从高到低依次是：抚慰、合作、分享、帮助;高中生的网络亲社会行为在年级和周上网时间上存在着显著差异.2.高中生移情水平较高;女生的移情水平要高于男生.3.移情水平与网络亲社会行为有着极显著的正相关,高移情水平的高中生更易于在网络上表现出亲社会行为. 相似文献
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人工智能的发展给人类社会发展带来各种机遇与挑战,人类自身具有哪些优势以及如何发挥这些优势是值得思考的。比较而言,人类的同理心、道德感、自控力、智慧等是超越当前人工智能的重要方面,是人区别于机器的主要标志。这些人之基本素养的培育应成为人工智能时代教育的重要内容。这要求教育工作者尊重儿童天性,在实践中道法自然,顺应人的天性,培养有理想、有同理心、有美感、有创造精神的人才。 相似文献
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教学与评价一体化的课堂教学模式探析——以PYP的课堂教学为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教学与评价一体化的课堂教学就是将评价活动适切地贯穿于教学活动的全过程,形成一个动态的"教学——评价循环体",并发挥循环体持续性的反馈与导引功能,提高课堂教学的整体效益,促进学生全面均衡地发展。国际文凭组织小学项目课程(简称"PYP")的教学充分体现了教学与评价一体化的思想,它的每一个教学环节几乎都是教学与评价的两位一体,有力地促进了学生的发展。 相似文献
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美国国际文凭项目述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国际文凭组织是一个国际性的教育组织,它通过成员学校向高中生开设内容丰富的文理科选修课程和大学预科课程。在课程设置和学习评价上以学生为本,针对不同动机和能力学生的培养模式的多样化,体现了现代国际教育发展的趋势和要求。 相似文献
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As education systems the world over acknowledge the significance of supporting students with disabilities and related conditions to maintain school enrolment, building the capacity of educators to fulfil an inclusive ambition is frequently promoted through activities like awareness training. Here, the intention is to potentially change how people living with disability are understood and related to. Traditionally, awareness raising work relies on psychological interventions targeting human being’s cognitive-behavioural triumvirate – thoughts, feelings and behaviours, nudging public policy and individual attitudes to sustain such changes. Yet, an inevitable lament typically befalls researchers and practitioners when inclusive ideals are not reached through the promotion of human rights, individualised support and positive attitudes. Advancing a conceptual approach to orientating to difference resourced by theory from critical psychology, critical disability and affirmative ethics, our discussion seeks to question the validity of current orientations to awareness training in favour of engaging difference differently. The discussion is relevant to education policy makers and practitioners seeking to reduce inequities, particularly among students living diverse ways of being within mainstream populations, so they might engage difference differently to reduce school exclusion. 相似文献
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This paper is a comparative analysis of global citizenship education (GCE) in two primary schools, an international school in Singapore and an independent school in Australia, focusing on the implementation of GCE practices through the adoption of international education models - the International Primary Curriculum (IPC) and the International Baccalaureate Programme (IB) respectively, to create hybrid curricula. The research findings indicate that the curriculum and resources, school culture, school leaders’ and teachers’ values, as well as the utilisation of human and financial resources all influence how the schools engage with GCE in their quest towards internationalisation. A key overarching finding of the research relates to the tensions between critical democratic and educational domains and neo-liberal market rationales, which had significantly affected the schools’ decisions in curricula and GCE enactment within both schools. Despite their commitment to GCE ideals, both schools were equally mindful about being distinctive and remaining competitive within their educational markets. 相似文献
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Chato Rasoal Henrik Danielsson Tomas Jungert 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2012,37(5):427-435
Engineers face challenges when they are to manage project groups and be leaders for organisations because such positions demand skills in social competence and empathy. Previous studies have shown that engineers have low degrees of social competence skills. In this study, the level of empathy as measured by the four subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, perspective taking, fantasy, empathic distress and empathic concern, among engineering students was compared to students in health care profession programmes. Participants were undergraduate students at Linköping University, 365 students from four different health care profession programmes and 115 students from two different engineering programmes. When the empathy measures were corrected for effects of sex, engineering students from one of the programmes had lower empathy than psychology and social worker students on the fantasy and perspective-taking subscales. These results raise questions regarding opportunities for engineering students to develop their empathic abilities. It is important that engineering students acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills regarding empathy. 相似文献
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Hajar IDRISSI 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2020,39(3):272-290
ABSTRACT This research paper aims to examine the effects of extracurricular activities in building knowledge, skills and attitudes that attempt to develop ecological citizenship as a subset of global citizenship among middle school students. I focus on one extracurricular programme entitled ‘The Friends of Nature’ that was provided in a Moroccan private middle school. Adopting a qualitative research method approach, data consisted of interviews with thirty students from 7th, 8th and 9th grades and two teachers (social studies and life and earth science teacher), and were collected over the course of three months through multiple data collection tools, namely observation, student focus group discussions and teacher interviews. A series of environmental activities offered students opportunities to: identify environmental problems, promote education for sustainable development and improve their environmentally conscious behaviour, develop creative solutions, and take actions for preserving nature in their community. The data were analysed using a content analysis method. The results reveal that students demonstrated cognitive development in terms of human rights, citizenship rights and responsibilities, environmental sustainability. While the program developed attitudes of empathy, respect, solidarity, it failed to instil a sense of responsibility to act for the betterment of the world, thus being a global citizen. 相似文献
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James A. Banks 《The Educational forum》2013,77(2):100-110
The 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a propitious time for educators to examine its implications for educating citizens in multicultural nation states. The author argues that students must experience democratic classrooms and schools that reflect their cultures and identities to internalize human rights values, ideals, and behaviors. Schools in nations around the world make it difficult for students to acquire human rights ideals and behaviors because they pursue assimilationist goals that do not provide students civic equality and recognition. Citizenship education needs to be reformed so that it will help students to internalize human rights ideals and behaviors. 相似文献
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Filomena Critelli Laura Lewis Adalberto Méndez-López 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2017,37(2):121-137
This article examines an innovative model of online international education regarding disability through a human rights perspective piloted through a collaboration between Universidad LaSalle, Mexico, and University at Buffalo, United States. The course is organized around a pressing global human rights and development issue. Its objective is to promote effective practice with persons with disabilities through cross-national, cross-disciplinary, human-rights based education; strengthen students’ sense of global engagement; and foster cross-cultural expertise and competence with diversity. The implications for effective professional education in law and social work are discussed. The article also examines pedagogical strategies and presents case study materials, identifies key disability rights themes common to both nations and cultures, and explores how distance learning technology is implemented in the course. A preliminary assessment of this newly piloted approach is also presented, based on data from students, as well as the implications for teaching and practice. 相似文献
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The International Baccalaureate (IB) is an internationally accepted pre-university qualification which, since its origins in the 1960s, has increased in popularity to the point where it is now offered in more than 70 countries worldwide. As a university entrance qualification accepted internationally, it aims not only to provide an appropriate academic curriculum, but also to support geographic and cultural mobility and to promote international understanding. It claims to do so by both inculcating international attitudes in its students and by encouraging the maintenance and development of their cultural identities. This study examines the extent to which the IB actually appears to achieve these aims, by exploring the views of an opportunity sample of ex-IB students, IB teachers and staff at the University of Bath who have direct experience of the IB programme. The findings indicate that the IB can clearly facilitate mobility and can contribute to the development of international understanding, whilst at the same time supporting the preservation of individual cultures and national identities, provided contextual factors are appropriately arranged. 相似文献
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Marina Goroshit 《Teachers and Teaching》2016,22(7):805-818
Teachers’ social-emotional competencies seem to play a significant role in promoting social-emotional learning in schools. Empathic teachers were found to possess a higher level of morality; to communicate more successfully with their students; to encourage them to forge empathic relationships; and to successfully motivate their students. Yet, there is a dearth of literature on how to develop such empathy in teachers. The present study, which is based on a large body of research, investigated the contribution of teachers’ self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy to teacher empathy. The sample comprised 543 teachers from the central region of Israel who completed self-report questionnaires. Findings indicated that both types of self-efficacy contribute to empathy in teachers, but the contribution of teacher self-efficacy is greater. These findings can benefit teacher educators, principals and others involved in teacher performance and well-being throughout the world. Findings may suggest that both efficacies are compelling variables that need to be addressed and enhanced in relation to teacher empathy. In addition, the findings strengthen the notion that social-emotional competence in teachers is strongly associated with teachers’ self-beliefs regarding their teaching efficacy. 相似文献
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In recent decades, Norwegian schools have experienced increased cultural diversification among students. Growing heterogeneity in origin and culture may enhance the risk of student marginalisation, segregation and exclusion. In response to these challenges, this paper examines students’ intercultural empathy and, particularly, how schools can develop their intergroup empathy to support social inclusion. Theoretically, we applied an inclusive citizenship perspective. The study draws primarily on quantitative data gathered from paper questionnaires collected from 1006 students in two upper secondary schools and three lower secondary schools. We explored the antecedents of intercultural empathy among the students using regression analyses. First, we found that there are substantial differences between the scores of boys and girls on intercultural empathy. Second, we found that information on culture and diversity was a predictor of certain aspects of intercultural empathy. Third, a variety of school variables were applied to explore possible ways to support student intercultural empathy, which showed moderate associations with intercultural empathy. Fourth, variables measuring students’ perceptions of human rights implementation in school were also moderately associated with aspects of intercultural empathy. The results and their implications for teaching are discussed. 相似文献
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环境问题的产生有其自然的原因，人为的因素更是不可忽视。其中法律制度特别是民事法律制度应引起我们的重视。传统民法在理念、原则和权利制度方面对保护环境有其不可推卸的责任。反思传统民法，扬弃其理念、原则和某些制度并予以创新，以适应现代社会的环境保护。 相似文献
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The article describes a research project undertaken with advanced adult learners of German at a distance at The Open University, United Kingdom. Their gains in intercultural competence were investigated by looking at how far the students met the prescribed learning outcomes, their knowledge items, language skills, attitudes towards Germans and their assessment results. The findings show that this particular group of learners felt that they had achieved the different requirements of the stated learning outcomes to a surprisingly high level and demonstrated a high level of intercultural competence. In addition, these learners were able to articulate their opinions of commonly held attitudes and stereotypical views about Germans and offered reflective insights into why their personal attitudes differed in many respects from more commonly held views. 相似文献
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Ally Dunhill 《Education 3-13》2018,46(1):16-26
The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Rights Respecting Schools Award makes positive contributions to children’s lives and experiences at school. Within the overall context of education as a right, the Award supports children to learn about their rights and the rights of others. By learning through a rights-based framework, children experience a rights-based approach to education and start to become active rights thinkers and rights holders. This article presents findings regarding the lived experiences of children participating in a rights education programme from a primary school in England. The results are consistent with previous rights education research and confirm that teaching and supporting the human rights of children to children, through a rights education programme, encourages children to practice, protect and promote the rights of others within their school. 相似文献