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1.
Under the Heath-Jarrow-Morton(HJM)framework,this paper studies the pricing models of three European foreign zero-coupon bond futures options(i.e.,European options written on foreign zero-coupon bond futures),and gives closed-form expression for the arbitrage price of the options by applying the forward martingale measure.These three options are:(1) foreign bond futures options struck in foreign currency;(2)foreign bond futures options struck in domestic currency;(3)fixed exchange rate foreign bond futures option. 相似文献
2.
刘继承 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):90-95
1 Introduction 1 A great deal of models have been studied on the subject of Diffserv, including static and dynamic pricing schemes. In the case of dynamic pricing, the network administrators adapt the link price to the bandwidth changes; In static pricing, the price is set based on the analysis from the historical data , and it is impossible to react to the changes in the demand or traffic load of the network. However, this scheme is easier to implement. Generally, there always exists an equi… 相似文献
3.
Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI(electricity system industry) restructureing,An easy and simple electricity value equivalent(es-EVE) method for day-ahead pool purchase pricing of China is therefore presented in this paper.The es-EVE method is different from two-part and one-part tariffs.It is more like the UK‘s method in form,but revised for China with some new concepts and procedure.The main contributions of it include:(1) Find two kinds of eigenvalue,namely EVEs,in an optimization model.(2) Define new concepts of virtual units units and feasible region,(3) Twice merit orderings are employed successively to find marginal price.They are simple maximum and minimum comparison procedures and so on.The special economic significance of the method for China is discussed.and some suggestion for ESI Restructuring based on es-EVE method are provided.A case study is offered at the end of the paper. 相似文献
4.
崔瑞雪 《读与写:教育教学刊》2011,8(1):1
Greek economy is influenced by the debt crisis deeply.In order to exchange for the assistance from European Union and the International Monetary Fund,the Greek government plans to take a series of tight fiscal policies,and such action leads to the dissatisfaction and unrest in domestic people.Improving the foreign investment and the competitiveness is the major challenge for Greek government.To deal with the financial crisis,the Greek government begins to seek investment in China.It is in this context that the China Ocean Shipping Group takes over the largest container wharf in Greece,and plans to expand the investment and build a new pier to expand the shipping connection between China and the Europe. 相似文献
5.
Ecological objective promotes local government who is in a reservoir area adopting new environmental policies which encourage firms to save energy and reduce emissions. Based on real option theory, we characterized the arrival of new environmental policy as a Poisson jump process. Under the situation that neither the policy arrival time nor contents can be determined, with the real option theory, we focused on problems for firms to decide best investment timing and scale, provided the cumulative probability distribution function of investment timing, and gave a numerical analysis. By analyzing the relationship between policy and investment decision, we found a perverse result that the high subsidy does not always encourage investment all the time, which can be a valuable reference for government to control industry pollution and make reasonable policies. 相似文献
6.
As China steps up its reform and opening up to the outside world,Chinese,especially the young,are becoming increasingly interested in western festivals.However,some traditional festivals in China are left out in the cold.This paper is mainly on the effect of west ern festivals on traditional festivals in China,trying to analyze the reason why it becomes this and it will lead us to face the communion and mixture between the two parties rationally.From the perspective of folk culture,it is necessary for us to find the motive of reform of Chinese traditional festivals. 相似文献
7.
The research value and market potentials of "big data"in real estate industry are well acknowledged with the development of technologies. But research in this area is far away from systematic and thorough context. Aiming at this issue, we systematically examined the research outcomes related to real estate big data. It gives a comment to current research status and proposes the future directions in this area from the four aspects, i.e. the hierarchical structuring of real estate "big Data" integrated implementation, exchange and pricing systems, and the market operation system, in order to assist the researchers for their future works. 相似文献
8.
Rune J. Krumsvik 《美中教育评论》2008,5(9):1-16
This position paper highlights existing and emerging, prospective digital divides in Norwegian schools and asks whether we are now moving from traditional digital divides to digital inequality in our digitized society and schools. Despite very good technology density in Norwegian society and schools in general, there is the reason to pay attention to whether this situation creates new kinds of digital inequalities among already vulnerable pupil groups. Therefore, this position paper focuses on whether under the new Norwegian educational reform. The Knowledge Promotion, it is necessary to consider this issue from another angle because of e.g. the increased status of digital literacy and implementation of ICT-based （Information and Communication Technology） exams in the national curriculum. The position paper focuses on what kind of digital inequalities we see the profiles of and what issues the government has to consider to prevent these tendencies escalating. 相似文献
9.
INTRODUCTION This paper combines the economic theory ofreal investment and the standard financial model ofasset pricing to produce a method for the valuationof real assets; and intentionally uses relativelysimple versions of these two theories to link eco-nomics, finance, and appraisal. Numerical exam-ples using data on real estate assets illustrate thevaluation method. The Q theory of investment, introduced byJames Tobin (1969), is popularly accepted theory ofreal investment hypothesize… 相似文献
10.
Balakrishnan Mumandy Rossafri Mohammad Soon Fook Fong 《美中教育评论》2007,4(9):46-52,63
Instructional reform movements in the 1990s called for an effective and concurrent integration of various educational components. For effective classroom instructional reform, it was suggested that teaching method （pedagogy）, learning theory, and technology be promoted concurrently to form synergistic relationship. Thus, the primary purpose of this paper is to report a research that investigated the use of constructivism （learning theory） and technology in project-based learning （pedagogy） in elementary school classrooms. This paper consists of three main parts. The first part introduces the idea of integrating elements of pedagogy, learning theory and technology in a synergistic manner. The second part outlines the research findings of the extent of such integration in an elementary school. The final part of this paper provides suggestion on how these elements can be integrated in an effective and synergistic manner in order to bring about an instructional reform in education. 相似文献
11.
Nowdays, some people think the promotion of exports as the only way for development in developing counties. However, I disagree with this idea. Admittedly, export can increase the foreign exchange reserves and enlarge the overall revenues of a county. According to the formula GDP=C+I+G+X-M, besides the net export, domestic consumption and investment are also other two indispensable paths to improve the GDP of a developing county. 相似文献
12.
Rune Krumsvik 《美中教育评论》2008,5(7):13-28
This article highlights how the digital revolution, high technology density, digital confident students and the new educational reform necessitates other theoretical gateways in our contemporary school system. Today we find a consensus among policy-makers, researchers, teacher educators and teachers that competence aims and digital literacy must be given high priority and needs to be explored more deeply in our elementary school as a consequence of the implementation of a new national curriculum. Despite this consensus, ICT （information and Communication Technology） in previous curricula have been marked by weak theoretical foundations, and therefore implementation of ICT has been more strongly anchored rhetorically than in teacher＇s theoretical ballast. Consequently, this article focuses on whether we now in the new educational reform, the knowledge promotion, are entering a time of upheaval within this area where the increased status of digital literacy and competence aims in the subjects necessitates new, or complementary theories which can capture some of these digital challenges. The article focuses on the ＂paradigm debate＂ within education and specially one theory, situated learning, is presented and analysed in light of other theories, educational policy documents and contemporary societal streams, 相似文献
13.
汤雁 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2004,10(3):225-228
The subject of the work is to propose a series of papers about adaptive finite element methods based on optimal error control estimate. This paper is the third part in a series of papers on adaptive finite element methods based on optimal error estimates for linear elliptic problems on the concave comer domains. In the preceding two papers (part 1 : Adaptive finite element method based on optimal error estimate for linear elliptic problems on concave comer domain; part 2:Adaptive finite element method based on optimal error estimate for linear elliptic problems on nonconvex polygonal domains), we presented adaptive finite element methods based on the energy norm and the maximum norm. In this paper, an important result is presented and analyzed. The algorithm for error control in the energy norm and maximum norm in part 1 and part 2 in this series of papers is based on this result. 相似文献
14.
《海外英语》2014,(10):24-24
This month we are looking at some typical words, expressions collocations and forms related to the word ＂price＂ Listen and repeat the following expressions.Price 1. They are going to raise prices. 2. There has been a 15% price rise over the past two months. 3. How did you price this product？ 4. The price tag had 16 euros written on it. 5. There has been a sharp increase in the price of petrol. 相似文献
15.
Review of the first principles calculations and the design of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Cathode materials are the most critical chal- lenge for the large scale application of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles and for the storages of electricity. The first principles calculations play an important role in develop- ment and optimization of novel cathode materials. In this paper, we overview the first principles calculations of energy, volume change, band-gap, phase diagram, and Li- ion transport mechanism of cathode materials with an emphasis on the design of such materials. We also over- view the recent progress of data mining techniques and the high-throughput first principles calculations for the design and development of cathode materials. Finally, we preview the challenges and opportunities of this rapidly developing field. 相似文献
16.
Okeke Chinedu Ifedi Onochie 《美中教育评论》2010,7(6):16-30,44
The females＇ relatively low participation in higher education is discussed within the Nigerian society in a way that such issues are discursively placed in often contradictory, as well as extremely complicated contexts. Dominant discussions draw on the interplay between gender and students＇ performance across subjects, as well as on the influences of the often patriarchal school environment on students＇ overall performance, which with little or no attention given to parental and domestic agencies. This paper is an account of the stories of the experiences of schooling about some Nigerian school girls from the perspective of their families. The larger study from which this paper derives, examined the gendered perception of schooling amongst some senior secondary school students in a Nigerian suburb. A number of discussions among the 25 girls （and 25 boys） who participated in the study were analyzed to understand how gender played in their perceptions of schooling influences upon their lives. As this project was grounded in the interpretivist qualitative research paradigm, discursive interpretivist approach was employed to interrogate how parental and domestic agencies, can play upon the aspirations of young girls for higher education in both complex and subtle ways. Recommendations for changes in policy and practice are made. 相似文献
17.
1. Introduction Among the many aspects of China's reform and opening-door policy, this paper focuses on foreign direct investment. China's role as the world's second largest recipient of FDI, ranking behind only the United States, and is the biggest host country of FDI as a developing country. On the other hand, Korean overseas investment increased at a rapid speed with the recovery and devel- opment of its economy. Due to the two countries are geographically very close and have a long his… 相似文献
18.
ZHANG Qian YU Ji-hui 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(4):189-194
1 Introduction a In the electricity market, because the calculation of the traditional spot electricity price according to node transmission charging is based upon short-run marginal cost, it is impossible to recover the great one-off investment of the transmission network, and this results in the payment imbalance of the electric network. Therefore, such spot electricity price goes against and its modification is indispensable to the development of the power system, and it is necessary to mod… 相似文献
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20.
Competing with successful products has become perplexing with several uncertainties and transmutes from time to time as customers＇ expectations are dynamic.That is why manufacturing firms exhaustively strive to look for a better competitive frontier using wellestablished and innovative product development（PD）processes.In this paper,we would like to answer three research questions：（i）What would be the effects of frontloading in PD？（ii）Can we improve our PD process endlessly？（iii）When is the critical time that the firm should take remedial action for improvements？As a contribution to the vast numbers of improvement methods in new product development（NPD）,this paper investigates the effects of front-loading using set-based concurrent engineering（SBCE）on cost and lead time.Models are developed and treated using a system dynamics（SD）approach.We assign a hypothetical upfront investment for SBCE and compare its effects on total cost and lead time of the development process.From the research,it is found that the total cost of PD is reduced almost by half-although the front loading is higher in order to encompass multiple design alternatives.The total product lead time is reduced by almost 20%.The model reveals the critical time for improvement of the PD process.We use SD tool（e.g.,STELLA）for simulation and visualization of the complex PD model,using SBCE as one of several strategies to frontload activities in the NPD process. 相似文献