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1.
周晓辉 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2010,25(4):57-62
文章从概念隐喻角度出发,研究了指称人的动物隐喻的性别歧视方面的问题,旨在突出研讨动物隐喻中性别歧视问题的重要性。基于汉英羊/Sheep、蛇／Snake、虎／Tiger的封闭语料库,研究发现,在汉英两种语言中,指称人的动物隐喻主要用于表达贬义,表现对人的歧视。基于此发现,可以做出下列结论：1．汉英指称人的动物隐喻的贬义喻指范围基本相同;2．汉英指称人的动物隐喻用于性别歧视,女性喻指范围要比男性喻指范围稍广,女性歧视数量比男性歧视数量多;3．汉英两种语言中,指称人的动物隐喻的同与异,可以用体验哲学和认知语言学的突显观做出合理的解释。该文研究结果可望对指称人的动物隐喻,特别是动物隐喻中性别歧视的相关研究产生积极影响。 相似文献
2.
The article forms an analysis of the religious discrimination discourse in Polish public schools, with special attention paid to the culturally specific, Polish understanding of the notion of religious discrimination. The introductory part presents the concept of religious discrimination as present in anti-discriminatory policies. The following part outlines the Polish system of religious education and its relation to the religious discrimination. Studies on religious discrimination in Poland are presented and discussed. Important context is supplied by a presentation of two recent cases of religious discrimination in Polish public schools, and the actions undertaken by the Freedom from Religion Foundation. Authors of the article point out the important influence of cultural context on the perception of religious discrimination. The attention is drawn to the seemingly homogenous environment of the Polish school and of the discriminative discourse used in political and social debates. The analysis shows that the presence of religion as a subject in Polish schools remains a cause of conflict between the religious and atheist citizens, a conflict in which concepts of religious discrimination and religious freedom are used as arguments by both sides. 相似文献
3.
女性创业中的性别歧视根源及其影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
与在就业领域中一样,女性在创业过程中也面临着类似的性别歧视与偏见。统计歧视论、双元劳动市场论、偏好歧视论、人力资本论是用来解释性别歧视成因的四种观点,而最终根源似乎仍脱离不了性别角色刻板印象。虽然性别歧视普遍存在于职场,但女性对此却有不同的知觉与反应,性别歧视知觉会对女性的创业态度、创业压力和职家冲突产生负面影响。 相似文献
4.
This study tested the longitudinal association between perceptions of racial discrimination and racial identity among a sample of 219 African American adolescents, aged 14 to 18. Structural equation modeling was used to test relations between perceptions of racial discrimination and racial identity dimensions, namely, racial centrality, private regard, and public regard at 3 time points. The results indicated that perceived racial discrimination at Time 1 was negatively linked to public regard at Time 2. Nested analyses using age were conducted, and perceptions of racial discrimination at Time 2 were negatively linked to private regard at Time 3 among older adolescents. The findings imply that perceived racial discrimination is linked to negative views that the broader society has of African Americans. 相似文献
5.
Studies on teachers’ grading suggest that school grades depend not only on students’ performance but also on teachers’ bias toward specific social categories. Numerous studies tested the existence of discrimination in grading using different strategies and focusing on multiple students’ characteristics. This study aims to summarise those studies by identifying (1) the methodologies used, (2) the characteristics on which discrimination is based and (3) the empirical results. We conducted a scoping review where studies were selected blindly by the two authors. The initial search was conducted on ERIC, Education Database and PsycInfo and 37 studies were finally identified. A comparison among the included studies suggests that the main strategies used are experiments and regression analysis on the difference between blind and non-blind scores, while gender, race/ethnicity and migration background are the most frequently tested characteristics. Finally, on average studies confirmed the presence of discrimination in grading still with some exceptions and, sometimes, under specific conditions. To conclude, it is challenging to test teachers’ discrimination through grading and to date the methodologies used have some limitations. However, on average, empirical evidence suggests that school grades are affected by teachers’ bias. 相似文献
6.
The authors examined whether the longitudinal inter-relations between ethnic-racial discrimination and ethnic-racial identity vary according to the perpetrator of discrimination. The authors used three waves of data from early adolescents (n = 387; ages 11–12 at Wave 1) to assess the strength and direction of relations between perceived discrimination from non-school adults and peers vis-à-vis ethnic-racial identity exploration, commitment, private regard, and public regard. Cross-lagged autoregressive path analyses showed that more frequent discrimination, regardless of source, had reciprocal and significant longitudinal inter-relations with exploration and public regard. Peer discrimination predicted lower commitment and private regard 1 year later, whereas non-school adult discrimination did not. Implications are discussed in relation to the role of peers and ethnic-racial identity processes. 相似文献
7.
Emily P. Hoffman 《Economics of Education Review》1981,1(4):437-452
This study predicts faculty salaries using data collected at a large public university on publications, teaching and administrative hours, years of education and experience, department, sex, race, and interaction terms. Female faculty earn 24 percent less than male faculty; 17 or 41 percent of this differential is attributable to discrimination, depending on the particular set of salary determinants used. Unlike previous investigators, this study does not find discrimination in favor of minority faculty members. The choice of variables and form of model appropriate for a study of salary discrimination are discussed. 相似文献
8.
ARIEH LEWY 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1973,10(1):19-24
Achievement tests are used for discrimination both among individuals and among classes. Item selection procedures which are recommended for constructing tests for individual differentiation may not be adequate for tests for discrimination among classes. It is suggested that the item intraclass correlation should be used as an index for item selection in tests designed for the measurement of class performance. An example is presented which shows that using the intraclass correlation for item selection yields different results than using item-test correlation coefficients. 相似文献
9.
Emily P. Hoffman 《Economics of Education Review》1981,1(4):483-485
This study predicts faculty salaries using data collected at a large public university on publications, teaching and administrative hours, years of education and experience, department, sex, race, and interaction terms. Female faculty earn 24 percent less than male faculty; 17 or 41 percent of this differential is attributable to discrimination, depending on the particular set of salary determinants used. Unlike previous investigators, this study does not find discrimination in favor of minority faculty members. The choice of variables and form of model appropriate for a study of salary discrimination are discussed. 相似文献
10.
FRED PYRCZAK 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1973,10(3):227-231
Numerous writers have suggested that the discrimination index may be helpful in identifying faulty test items. The purpose of this study was to investigate systematically the validity of the index for this purpose. To attain this objective, two forms of an arithmetic-reasoning test were written. In each form, the items were designed to vary in quality with respect to nine item-writing principles, and on the basis of the responses of 364 examinees, a discrimination index was computed for each item. Next, the items were rated independently for quality by three judges who used a check list of the nine item-writing principles. The average of their ratings for each item was used as the criterion for determining the validity of the indices. The results indicate that the discrimination index is a moderately valid measure of item quality. The implications of this finding are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Patricia M. Blough 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(4):395-403
An experiment with pigeons related overall and local behavioral contrast to similarity between stimuli signaling multiple-schedule components. Similarity was defined both physically and by discrimination performance. Initial and final baseline conditions used two equal random-interval schedules. During two intervening test periods, the schedule accompanying one component was changed to extinction. In the first test, components alternated strictly; in the second test, random component sequences were used. Signaling wavelength stimuli were separated by 1.5, 2, or 14 nm. Overall positive contrast occurred reliably, but its amount depended neither on wavelength difference nor on discrimination performance. Local positive contrast was less frequently observed when signaling stimuli were physically dissimilar; however, the effect was most closely related to actual discrimination performance. The relationship between discrimination and local contrast was nonmonotonic, indicating maximum local contrast at intermediate discriminations. 相似文献
12.
We report the first successful demonstration of a simultaneous, two-itemsame-different (S/D) discrimination by 6 pigeons, in which nonpictorial color and shape stimuli were used. This study was conducted because
the majority of recently successful demonstrations of S/D discrimination in pigeons have employed displays with more than
two items. Two pairs of stimulus items were simultaneously presented on a touch screen equipped computer monitor. Pigeons
were reinforced for consistently pecking at either thesame (i.e., identical) or thedifferent (i.e., nonidentical) pair of items. These pairs were created from combinations of simple colored shapes drawn from a pool
of six colors and six shapes. After acquiring the discrimination with item pairs that differed redundantly in both the shape
and the color dimensions, the pigeons were tested for transfer to items that varied in only one of these dimensions. Although
both dimensions contributed to the discrimination, greater control was exhibited by the color dimension. Most important, the
discrimination transferred in tests with novel colored, shaped, and sized items, suggesting that the mechanisms involved were
not stimulus specific but were more generalized in nature. These results suggest that the capacity to judge S/D relations
is present in pigeons even when only two stimuli are used to implement this contrast. 相似文献
13.
Kelling AS Snyder RJ Marr MJ Bloomsmith MA Gardner W Maple TL 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(2):154-161
Hue discrimination abilities of giant pandas were tested, controlling for brightness. Subjects were 2 adult giant pandas (1
male and 1 female). A simultaneous discrimination procedure without correction was used. In five tasks, white, black, and
five saturations each of green, blue, and red served as positive stimuli that were paired with one or two comparison stimuli
consisting of 16 saturations of gray. To demonstrate discrimination, the subjects were required to choose the positive stimulus
in 16 of 20 trials (80% correct) for three consecutive sessions. Both subjects reached criterion for green and red. The female
subject also reached criterion for blue. The male was not tested for blue. This study is a systematic replication of Bacon
and Burghardt’s (1976) color discrimination experiment on black bears. The results suggest that color vision in the giant
panda is comparable to that of black bears and other carnivores that are not strictly nocturnal. 相似文献
14.
In two experiments, we examined the discrimination of photographs of individual pigeons by pigeons, using go/no-go discrimination procedures. In Experiments 1A and 1B, the pigeons were trained to discriminate 4 photographs of one pigeon from those of a number of pigeons. The subjects learned the discrimination, but their discriminative behavior did not transfer to new photographs taken from novel perspectives. When the pigeons were trained to discriminate between 20 photographs of five pigeons taken from four perspectives as the S+ and 20 photographs of five different pigeons as the S-, the subjects learned the discrimination, and this discriminative behavior partially transferred to new photographs taken from novel perspectives (Experiments 2A-2C). The results suggest that pigeons are able to discriminate among conspecific individuals, using stationary visual cues. This strengthens the assumption in evolutionary theory that animals can discriminate among individuals and encourages further investigation as to how this ability is used in various behaviors of animals. 相似文献
15.
唐东华 《读与写:教育教学刊》2010,7(3):20-22
This paper explores language discrimination and discusses the possible critical pedagogy in language education against discrimination. The paper talks about language discrimination consisting of three stages. The first one is institutional discrimination. The second stage is group discrimination. And the last one is individual discrimination. Then it moves to the analysis of critical pedagogy in ESL education. In the end the paper tries to discuss the possibility of anti-language discrimination education. 相似文献
16.
Riia Milovanov Päivi Pietilä Mari Tervaniemi Paulo A.A. Esquef 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(1):56-60
The main aim of this study was to examine second language production and discrimination skills in the light of musical aptitude. Our study was conducted in university settings in south-western Finland. English was used as a model for the second language due to its popularity among young adults. There were three types of tests used in this study: a pronunciation test, a phonemic listening discrimination task, and the Seashore test as an index of the musical aptitude. All the participants performed equally well in the phonemic listening discrimination task. However, the participants with higher musical aptitude were able to pronounce English better than the participants with less musical aptitude. The results, therefore, imply that musical and linguistic skills are interconnected. 相似文献
17.
This study examined the influence of racial identity in the longitudinal relation between perceptions of racial discrimination and psychological well-being for approximately 560 African American youth. Latent curve modeling (LCM) and parallel process multiple-indicator LCMs with latent moderators were used to assess whether perceptions of racial discrimination predicted the intercept (initial levels) and the slope (rate of change) of psychological well-being over time, and whether racial identity moderates these relations. The results indicated that African American adolescents who reported higher psychological responses to discrimination frequency levels at the first time point had lower initial levels of well-being. Regressing the slope factor for psychological well-being on the frequency of discrimination also revealed a nonsignificant result for subsequent well-being levels. 相似文献
18.
章志图 《内江师范学院学报》2012,27(9):68-71
就业歧视是指用人单位基于劳动者与职业能力和职业内在客观需要不相关的因素,在就业机会或职业待遇上做出任何区别、排斥或优惠从而取消或损害劳动者平等就业权利的行为。我国目前没有专门的反就业歧视法律,现行的有关就业歧视的立法存在重大不足,导致就业歧视难以遏制与禁绝。国家要从对现行法律法规展开违宪审查与清理、制定反就业歧视专门法、建立反就业歧视保障机构三个方面来构建反就业歧视的法律制度。 相似文献
19.
唐励 《湖南城市学院学报》2011,32(2):66-69
当前传媒歧视主要有三种表现:信息歧视、资源歧视和人格歧视。传媒歧视危害文化民生,一方面剥夺了公民知情权,有悖社会的公平正义;另一方面,影响社会和谐和文化软实力的提升。削降传媒歧视,推进文化民生,传媒要树立民生理念,不断加强改革和建设,同时要积极推进行业监管和自律。 相似文献