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基于PISA2012中国上海和美国的数据,本研究比较了学校、个人等因素对两地学生参与课外补习机构的可能性和时间的影响.结果表明,我国上海学生课外补习机构的参与率和参与强度都明显高于美国.学业成绩对两地学生参与课外补习的时间产生了显著正影响,课外补习在美国发挥着"补差"功能,但成绩较好的中国学生参与课外补习的时间更多;两地私立学校的学生更可能参与课外补习,但课外补习在中国上海有传递家庭资源优势的作用,美国尚未发现家庭背景的显著影响.研究还发现,参与课外补习与家庭成员辅导呈现互补关系,重视家庭成员辅导的家庭也重视课外补习. 相似文献
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"双减"政策的有效落实需要精准识别学生选择参与课外补习的深层原因,研究我国中小学生首次参与课外补习时间能够为疏解家长和学生的课外补习需求提供实证依据。本文基于2017中国教育财政家庭调查(CIEFR-HS 2017)数据,采用生存分析的方法,对我国中小学生首次参与课外补习时间进行了刻画,探讨了家庭社会经济背景对学生首次参与课外补习时间的影响。研究发现:(1)我国中小学生大多数参加过课外补习,且许多学生在较低年级就参加了课外补习。(2)我国中小学生首次参与学科类课外补习时间明显早于兴趣类课外补习,随着年级的升高这一差异更为凸显。(3)城乡地区和不同阶层家庭的学生首次参与课外补习时间存在显著差异,但这种差异随着学段的上升而逐渐缩小。(4)家庭社会经济背景对学生首次参与课外补习时间有显著正影响,家庭社会经济背景越好的学生首次参与学科类和兴趣类课外补习时间均越早,但这种差异随着学生学段的上升而减小。"双减"政策背景下,建议政府进一步提高学校教育质量和校内课后服务品质,更好满足家长和学生对个性化教育的需求;重点照顾弱势阶层家庭,为学习成绩较差的弱势阶层学生提供校内学业辅导帮助;引导家长理性选择课... 相似文献
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使用北京大学中国家庭追踪调查2010、2012、2014、2016、2018年五次追踪调查数据,研究我国基础教育学生参加课外补习的现状与变化趋势.2018年,我国基础教育学生中有32.4％的学生参加了课外补习,人均补习支出4951.13元,课外补习支出总花费3303.94亿元,家庭社会经济地位较高、学校质量较好的学生参加课外补习的规模和支出均较高;2010-2018年,我国基础教育学生参加课外补习的规模和支出呈波动上升趋势,城市、普通校学生参加课外补习的规模和支出均呈波动上升趋势,家庭社会经济地位较高的学生课外补习支出上升更快.建议政府形成科学、多样的人才选拔体系,尽量满足家长和学生个性化的教育需求;对家庭经济背景较差且成绩落后的学生提供课外补习费用补贴,建立免费的课外补习平台,利用课外补习缩小不同阶层家庭学生的成绩差距,促进教育公平. 相似文献
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基于PISA2012上海的数据,研究了上海中学生的课外补习时间状况,探讨了补习时间对学生成绩的影响效应.研究发现:家庭经济条件好和私立学校的学生参与数学补习时间更多;数学补习时间对学生数学成绩具有显著的正向效应,家庭经济社会地位低的学生增加课外补习时间后的数学成绩提升幅度更大;如果不同家庭经济社会地位的学生获得相同的数学补习机会,则增加数学补习时间能减小因家庭经济社会地位差距而带来的数学成绩差距,促进教育结果的均等化.如同学校教育一样,课外补习的教育社会再生产新机制也日趋明显,这将对义务教育公平和社会正常流动带来严重挑战.本研究政策启示为,政府应该为家庭经济收入较低且在教育竞争中处于不利地位的学生提供课外补习费用补贴,保证其补习时间,缩小与其他学生的成绩差距,促进教育结果均等及教育跨代际效应功能的发挥. 相似文献
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使用北京大学中国家庭追踪调查2010、2012、2014、2016、2018年五次追踪调查数据,研究我国基础教育学生参加课外补习的现状与变化趋势.2018年,我国基础教育学生中有32.4％的学生参加了课外补习,人均补习支出4951.13元,课外补习支出总花费3303.94亿元,家庭社会经济地位较高、学校质量较好的学生参加课外补习的规模和支出均较高;2010-2018年,我国基础教育学生参加课外补习的规模和支出呈波动上升趋势,城市、普通校学生参加课外补习的规模和支出均呈波动上升趋势,家庭社会经济地位较高的学生课外补习支出上升更快.建议政府形成科学、多样的人才选拔体系,尽量满足家长和学生个性化的教育需求;对家庭经济背景较差且成绩落后的学生提供课外补习费用补贴,建立免费的课外补习平台,利用课外补习缩小不同阶层家庭学生的成绩差距,促进教育公平. 相似文献
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通过对本自然科学基金课题组调查数据的分析,文章结合学习态度的评价指标,对义务教育学生参加课外补习对学习态度的影响进行了分析,得出不同民族间学生参与课外补习的比例存在显著差异,汉族学生显著高于少数民族;参加课外补习对学生学习态度呈现出积极影响.为此,建议政府加强对少民族学生的教育投入、规范课外补习机构的管理和积极引导学生参与课外补习. 相似文献
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《中学教育》2016,(6):43-52
本文使用中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心执行的中国教育追踪调查2014年数据(CEPS2014),从家庭资本的角度系统分析了家庭的各个资本对于学生参加课外补习情况的影响。本文采用二元Logistic回归模型分析家庭资本对学生是否选择参加课外补习的影响,采用Tobit回归模型分析家庭资本对家庭的学生课外补习费用支出的影响。结果表明:样本中家庭资本越高,学生参加课外补习的概率就越高;家庭课外补习费用支出也越高;经过结论的分析,家庭资本对于学生参加课外补习有着重要作用,课外补习维持和加剧了教育的不公平现象,成为家庭资本在代际间传递的重要手段。据此本文提出:政府应提高主流教育的质量,抑制学生课外补习需求,对家庭资本较差的学生给予优惠政策等政策建议,以此来调节课外补习所带来的不良影响。 相似文献
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基于中国教育追踪调查2014年数据,利用倾向得分匹配法和中介模型探讨课外补习对学生非认知能力的影响以及家庭背景、课外补习和学生非认知能力三者的路径机制,研究发现:参加课外补习的学生非认知能力平均得分明显高于未参加课外补习的学生.采用倾向得分匹配法分析发现,学生参加课外补习有助于提高非认知能力,兴趣类课外补习对学生非认知能力的影响效应高于学术类课外补习.兴趣类课外补习在家庭社会经济地位对学生非认知能力影响过程中起到了部分中介效应,而学术类课外补习并没有显著的中介效应.因此,一方面家庭应更多的选择兴趣类课外补习进行投资,提高学生非认知能力.另一方面学校应加强美育教育,重视学生非认知能力的培养. 相似文献
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利用中国教育追踪调查2014年数据(CEPS),比较分析了我国初中生课外补习支出现状,探讨了初中生课外补习支出的影响因素.研究结果显示:学习成绩、家庭因素、学校因素和地区因素均对学生课外补习支出有显著影响.学生学习成绩越好,学校质量越高,其课外补习支出越低,表明我国初中生的课外补习主要为"补差型";在我国初中阶段,有超过一半的学生在参加课外补习,而且学生课外补习支出占家庭教育总支出的比重也越来越大,加重了许多家庭特别是弱势阶层家庭的经济负担.政府应高度重视课外补习,规范和管理课外补习市场,努力提高主流教育质量,向社会弱势阶层家庭提供课外补习费用等补贴,从而促进义务教育的公平及均衡发展. 相似文献
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Vít Šťastný 《欧洲教育》2016,48(1):1-22
The study contributes to the literature on private supplementary tutoring by shedding light on this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons for seeking out private supplementary tutoring and to assess the factors underlying its demand. In the representative sample of 1,265 senior upper-secondary school students from two distinct regions of the Czech Republic, 37% acknowledged participation in private tutoring lessons (provided by individuals) and 10% reported enrollment in preparatory courses for university admission (organized by institutions) during their upper-secondary studies. It seems that both enrollment in different educational tracks and specific school subjects are associated with different reasons for taking private tutoring lessons. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that the mother’s educational attainment, family income, students’ academic performance, residence in the capital city, and female gender are significant predictors of students’ enrollment and participation in the explored private tutoring activities. These findings confirm the strong influence of family background on educational attainment identified in previous Czech social-stratification research. In a wider European context, the patterns of private supplementary tutoring resemble those in neighboring countries. 相似文献
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Guill Karin Ömeroğulları Melike Köller Olaf 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2022,37(4):1093-1114
Private supplementary tutoring is a widespread phenomenon. However, evidence that private tutoring has positive effects on academic achievement or about the specific conditions of successful private tutoring is rare. Adapting Carroll’s (1963) model for school learning to private tutoring, we expected to find positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, and students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. In a sample of eighth-grade students in German secondary schools (N = 8510, 18.6% currently being tutored), we conducted regression analyses with multiple covariates and did not find a positive main effect of private tutoring attendance in any of the school subjects examined. Moreover, within the subsamples of tutored students, we were not able to identify positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, tutoring content (such as a focus on homework completion, test preparation, or study behavior), or students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. Given these disillusioning findings, we primarily derive suggestions for future research.
相似文献13.
Private tutoring has become a worldwide phenomenon, yet there is little empirical evidence for the main factors leading the demand for private tutoring across nations. Using data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study of 2003, this study classified the countries into four different groups according to the proportion of student participation in private tutoring and student achievement. Then, the study explored student- and school-level factors influencing the demand for private tutoring. From the HGLM analysis, the results revealed that the demand for private tutoring in Korea and Taiwan, which have higher participation rates in private tutoring and high-school-quality levels, is mostly explained by student-level variables (educational aspirations, instrumental motivation, self-confidence, and father’s education) and school context variables (the community size and school SES). Meanwhile, the demand for private tutoring in the Philippines and Romania, both of which have high incidences of private tutoring and low-school-quality levels, varies widely among schools, and many of the school process variables (e.g., the use of remedial classes, amount of school homework, frequency of tests, and the use of grouping by ability) account for the relationships with private tutoring. 相似文献
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Shengli Zhan Mark Bray Dan Wang Chad Lykins Ora Kwo 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2013,14(4):495-509
This paper examines Hong Kong students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of private supplementary tutoring relative to mainstream schooling. Drawing on survey and interview data, it shows that large proportions of secondary school students receive private tutoring. Students generally perceive private tutoring and private tutors to be more effective in the provision of examination support compared with mainstream schooling and teachers. However, perceptions vary according to students’ self-reported academic levels and motives for taking private tutoring. The operations of the parallel sector of private tutoring have significant implications for the nature of schooling and therefore need to be considered by teachers and school administrators. The Hong Kong data contribute to the international analysis of private tutoring and add a significant component to the wider conceptual literature. 相似文献
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《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):261-264
AbstractThe study examines the effects of cross age tutoring in school on the tutors’ empathy, altruism, and self-esteem. The sample consists of 73 high school freshmen, who participated in a year-long program of tutor-training, and a comparison group of 98 other freshmen. Controlling the effects of initial attribute scores, students’ sex, and socioeconomic status, it was found that program participation significantly increased the tutors’ empathy, altruism, and self-esteem. The findings, interpreted according to role-taking theory, suggest that school programs of cross-age tutoring may have some psychological benefits in addition to their already established influence on students’ academic achievements. Since no interactions were found between the effects of program participation and students’ social background on the increases in attribute scores, such programs may perhaps be used for the integration of students from different social-cultural backgrounds. 相似文献
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Samir Ranjan Nath 《Educational studies》2008,34(1):55-72
Using the databases created under Education Watch, a civil society initiative to monitor primary and basic education in Bangladesh, this paper explores trends, socioeconomic differentials and cost in private supplementary tutoring among primary students and its impact on learning achievement. The rate of primary school students getting access to private supplementary tutoring is increasing at two percentage points per year and reached 31% in 2005. Incidence of private tutoring was greater among boys and urban students than respective counterparts. Educated parents and well‐off families were more likely to arrange supplementary tutoring for their children. A wide variation in the cost for private tutoring prevailed. The tutees spent 46% of their total private expenditure for education on supplementary tutoring. Supplementary tutoring helped students learn more than those who had no such support. Private tutors for primary school students have become a well‐accepted norm. Finally, a number of social implications are discussed. 相似文献
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We investigate the educational and psychological benefits from participating in private supplementary tutoring in Mainland China. We use the 2013–2015 China Education Panel Survey data on junior high school students and a difference-in-difference and propensity score matching research design. Our results show that private tutoring is positively associated with higher English scores for rural students only. For all students and across most sub-groups, we find that private tutoring is associated with lower frequency of students' self-reported negative emotions. The data, however, do not permit deeper inquiry into the role of the quality and quantity of private tutoring. 相似文献
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A growing number of students around the world receive private tutoring in academic subjects. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education because it mimics regular schooling as the school sector grows, so does the shadow; and as the curriculum in the school changes, so does the curriculum in the shadow. Private tutoring has long been a significant phenomenon in East Asia, but has not received adequate research attention.This paper focuses on private tutoring in Hong Kong. It draws on data collected through questionnaires from students in Grades 9 and 12, and analyzes the factors which shape the demand for private tutoring. The paper highlights the influence of school, family and individual factors on students’ demand, and reports on students’ declared reasons for taking private tutoring. It commences with a broad comparative picture, and concludes by showing what the Hong Kong data add to wider conceptual understanding. 相似文献
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基于PISA2015中国四省市数据,采用多层线性模型,研究中学生各科课外补习时间投入对学业成绩的影响效应.研究发现:课外补习时间与学业成绩之间存在先降后升的非线性关系,表明学科补习具有门槛效应,当补习时间超出某个阈值,学业成绩才会出现质的提升;数学补习时间投入差异扩大了不同家庭背景学生间数学成绩的差距,会造成教育结果的不均等;校内课程时间对学生成绩的影响呈先升后降的非线性关系,相较于补习时间,校内课程时间能更有效地提升学生成绩.因此,中学生及家长应基于实际的补习需求,合理投入补习时间;学校应保证学生校内课程学习时间,发挥学校教育的主导作用;政府应重视课外补习对教育公平的冲击,加强对校外培训机构的监管,还要为经济困难家庭学生提供必要的课外补习机会,缩小因课外补习带来的教育结果不均等,努力促进校内外教育公平. 相似文献