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1.
研究以学生学习性投入为切入点,从类型学的角度出发,使用NSSE-China 2011调查工具及9所"985工程"院校数据,从个体活动和人际互动的学习性投入行为两个维度,划分了中国研究型大学本科生学习性投入四种类型,即积极投入型、自我独立型、人际互动型和被动投入型。结果显示,各个类型之间具有显著异质性,在不同性别、年级、家庭及高中教育背景等个体因素变量区分的群体中,四种类型的本科生分布比例存在差异。经比较,研究所提出的学生类型划分与不同国家的学者在不同年代所提出的分类模型之间具有共性特征,表明学生群体的分类特征具有跨时间稳定性和跨文化的普遍性。中国研究型大学在教育实践工作中应当科学甄别研究型大学本科生的学习性投入类型,关注学生群体的多样性和异质性,有效支持不同学生的学习与发展。 相似文献
2.
采用追踪研究设计,对南京邮电大学2008级学生进行了四次追踪调查。根据相关理论并结合问卷已有的变量,提出影响学习投入的因素(预测变量)主要是:学生人口学变量(性别、来源城乡、社会经济地位、来源高中、学科),学生的认知变量(向学/厌学),学生的感知变量(归宿感、满意度)。利用多层线性模型分析技术构建了学习投入的非线性发展模型进行追踪数据分析。依次构建了无条件非线性发展模型、仅含有人口学预测变量的非线性发展模型和含有全部预测变量的非线性发展全模型,进行预测变量效应的模型检验。结果表明:第一,人口学变量中,性别、学科、城乡、高中类型以及社会经济地位五个预测变量对学习投入的影响各不相同。性别和城乡因素较学科、高中类型和社会经济地位对学习投入的影响大,只有性别、城乡和学科分别对教育经验丰富度、学业挑战度和主动合作学习的变化有影响。第二,学生认知变量(向学/厌学)和学生感知变量(归属感和满意度)对学习投入的水平和大学期间的变化均有正向促进作用。向学/厌学对学习投入的影响最大,归属感影响次之,满意度影响最小;满意度对学习投入的一次增长具有正向促进作用,归属感对学习投入的一次增长具有负向反作用,向学/厌学对学习投入不同维度的一次增长作用不同。第三,模型检验结果提示,还存在影响学习投入水平及变化的其他因素。第四,针对三类变量对学习投入水平及变化的影响机制,提出:人口学特征是认识学生学习投入的基础;学生的认知是学生学习投入的关键;学生的感知是学生学习投入的催化剂;充分利用学习投入作用机制的特点,是学校认识学习投入背后的原因,促进学生学习投入的教育策略与需要把握的原则。 相似文献
3.
为了研究大学新生的依恋状况与学习适应的关系,采用亲密关系量表(ECR)和大学生学习适应量表,随机选取宁波大学121名大一新生,结果如下:(1)大学新生安全型依恋的比例最少,冷漠型稍高于专注型,惧怕型所占比例最高;(2)大学新生的依恋回避维度与学习适应性存在显著负相关;(3)不同依恋类型在学习适应性得分上差异显著,安全型的学习适应性显著好于不安全型依恋;其中安全型依恋在学习适应上的得分显著高于惧怕型和冷漠型;除了环境因素外,不同的依恋类型在学习适应的其他四个因素的得分上都存在着显著差异;(4)冷漠型依恋的新生在学习适应性上存在显著的性别差异 相似文献
4.
本研究运用自编的大学新生生活学习情况调查问米，对武汉地区四所高校共550名新生的入学适应情况进行了调查，结果显示：大学新生入学适应的困难突出表现在学习适应、环境认同和人际关系方面；不同性别、不同专业、不同学校和来自不同地域的新生在不同维度上表现出不同程度的差异；大学新生在遇到困难和烦恼时，寻求的主要社会支持源是父母和过去的同学朋友。 相似文献
5.
区分和识别本科生的群体类型是改进高等学校学生评价,提升教与学质量和成效的重要手段和突破口.运用全国本科生能力测评数据,以批判性思维能力增值、学业成绩和学习满意度为内容建构学习成果概念框架,通过聚类分析得到六种本科生类型,依其学习成果特征分别命名为敏思弱学型、均衡发展型、乐学拙思型、发展不足型、苦学课业型和后进自足型.不同类型本科生的学习成果结构呈现多重异质特征,学习投入结构与学习成果结构存在对应互动关系,但不同群体存在差异;各类型本科生在男女、城乡、不同院校层次和不同学科之间的分布具有显著差异,呈现峰谷交叠态势;本科生学习差异与社会差异存在共振现象.可见,本科生学习成果群体分化客观存在,科学甄别本科生类型是改进学生评价、提升教育成效的前提.针对不同类型本科生的学习成果和学习投入差异,高等学校和教师应树立立体多维学生观,提供差异化的学习支持和教育干预;教师教学应遵循因材施教和有教无类,走向因类指导;学生要动态把握自身的学习类特征,学会自我赋权. 相似文献
6.
本研究利用2007年12月全国大学英语四级考试(简称"四级考试")有关数据开展评价,评价内容包括对考生英语能力现状的分类及分项实证分析.以及对学生英语成绩的校际差异及其影响因素的实证分析。结果表明,1)不同类型学校("211工程"和非"211工程"、"大学英语教学改革示范点项目学校"和非"大学英语教学改革示范点项目学校")的学生英语成绩存在显著差异;2)从分项能力上看,写作和听力能力相对薄弱;3)英语成绩校际差异显著,学校所在省份和学校类型对校际成绩差异都有一定的解释比例。 相似文献
7.
学习投入是学生学习成效的重要影响因子。采用准实验研究法,以X小学六年级两个班48位学生为研究对象,分为实验组和对照组,运用《学习投入四面向量表》进行每周一次每次40分钟的"几何游戏教学"实验研究。研究结果显示:在动力投入、行为投入、情绪投入和认知投入等四个维度上,实验组学生的得分均比控制组学生高。就差异性而言,前三个维度的差异显著而认知投入维度的差异不甚显著。由此可见,游戏教学对小学六年级学生的学习投入具有显著影响。建议:教师在进行教学设计时,应注重多种教学方法的灵活使用,缔造多元的具有生命意义的学习课堂;学校管理者应在教学的各个科目推动教学理念和策略的全面改革。 相似文献
8.
通过对上海W大学与地方本科院校和211院校学生学习性投入情况的调查发现:W大学学生在学业挑战程度和教育经历丰富程度指标上高于地方本科院校和211院校;在主动合作学习、教师互动及校园环境支持度指标上,和地方本科院校及211院校相比,没有本质差异;而且高年级学生的表现要好于低年级学生。可见,W大学在教学中对学生的引导支持、教师对学生的严格程度以及教学方法和模式比较理想。因此,W大学应在保持其传统优势的基础上,着重调动低年级学生学习的积极性,以提高他们的学习效率。 相似文献
9.
专业素养培养是园林专业教育的需求。本文以园林专业学生在学校中不同的学习阶段、接受不同类型课程的学习、班主任管理等三个方面阐述了学生在四年大学学习中专业素养培养方面所存在的问题,有针对性的提出较为合理的实施方案。 相似文献
10.
深度学习作为一种重要的学习方式,近年已成为实践探索和教学理论研究的热点问题。本文通过问卷调查的方式从学习投入、知识整合、迁移应用和评估反思等深度学习的四个维度对医学院校学生大学英语学习现状进行了调查研究,提出激发学习内驱动力、培养高阶思维能力和创设主动学习环境等促进大学英语深度学习的教学建议,为高校英语教学改革提供支持与参考。 相似文献
11.
当前大学生社团发展面临着一些问题，大部分学生社团因自身动力不足和外部环境剥约影响，很难得到较大程度的发展和壮大。认识到从学校到社会满足需求是大学生社团发展动力的源泉、从理论到实践提高素质是大学生社团发展动力的基础、从历史到未来与时俱进是大学生社团发展动力的棱心，就可以逐步加快大学生社团管理规范化、民主化进程，努力推动大学生社团向前发展。 相似文献
12.
Written comments on student evaluations often seem idiosyncratic, lacking the power of numerical statistical data. These statements, however, may sometimes reveal intellectual challenges common to novice learners in our disciplines. Instructors can use these insights as part of a scholarly approach to teaching, making meaningful adjustments to future classes and informing curricular choices in productive ways. In this article we examine common student complaints in three particular situations: quantitative classes, writing-intensive courses, and classes taught using student-active formats. We discuss implications of these comments for faculty as they seek to promote students’ intellectual development.
Linda C. Hodges is Director of the Harold W. McGraw, Jr. Center for Teaching and Learning at Princeton University. She received her B.S. in Chemistry from Centre College of Kentucky and her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Kentucky. Her special interests include the scholarship of teaching and learning and faculty beliefs about teaching.
Katherine Stanton, Assistant Director of the McGraw Center, received her B.A. from Swarthmore College and her M.A. and Ph.D. in English Literature from Rutgers University. Her pedagogical interests include course design and teaching the interpretative process. 相似文献
13.
Background: Incorporating student voice into the science classroom has the potential to positively impact science teaching and learning. However, students are rarely consulted on school and classroom matters. This literature review examines the effects of including student voice in the science classroom. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to explore the research on student voice in the science classroom. This review includes research from a variety of science education sources and was gathered and analyzed using a systematic literature review process. Design and methods: I examined articles from a variety of educational journals. I used three key terms as my primary search terms: student voice, student perceptions, and student perspectives. The primary search terms were used in conjunction with qualifiers that included science education, science curriculum, student emergent curriculum, student centered curriculum, and science. In order to be included in the literature review, articles needed to be published in peer-reviewed, academic journals, contain clearly defined methods (including quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods), include research conducted in K through 12 classrooms, include the term ‘student voice’, and focus specifically on science. I included articles from a variety of science classrooms including general middle school science, science-specific after-school programs, secondary science classrooms in a variety of countries, and physics, biology, and aerospace classrooms. No restrictions were placed on the country in which the research was conducted or on the date of the research. Conclusions: The results of the literature review process uncovered several themes within the literature on student voice. Student voice research is situated within two main theoretical perspectives, critical theory and social constructivism, which I used as the main themes to structure my findings. I also identified subcategories under each main theme to further structure the results. Under critical theory, I identified three subcategories: determining classroom topics, developing science agency, and forming identities. Under social constructivism, I discovered four subcategories: forming identities, incorporating prior knowledge and experience, communicating interest in topics and classroom activities, and improving student–teacher relationship. The research supports that allowing students a voice in the classroom can lead them to feel empowered, able to construct their own meaning and value in science, demonstrate increased engagement and achievement, and become more motivated. I conclude students should be allowed a voice in the science classroom and to continue to ignore these voices would be a disservice to students and educators alike. 相似文献
14.
高校招生工作实施目标管理可使招生工作规范化、协调化、优质化；高校招生工作实施目标管理要以党的路线、方针、政策为指导，以学校发展的总目标为依据，严格遵循科学理论和管理规律，要立足现实，从实际出发。 相似文献
15.
Abstract This article makes observations on the emotional and KEYW ORDS behavioural dif?culties of university students. The rapid expansion of student the higher education sector since the 1980s has brought an increased counselling; need for liaison between academics and university counsellors and student EBD; other health professionals. Key tasks confronting students are separ-student support ation from the family, the articulation of a sense of ‘self’, and the internalization of knowledge. Depression and anxiety are the likely side-effects of undertaking these, but peer-group and tutorial support can assist the authentic growth that is the real goal of tertiary education. 相似文献
16.
本研究采用分层随机取样法,自山东省特教中专选取盲生、肢残生和聋生共200人,自济南民政学校抽取健全生200人,以SCL-90量表为研究工具,按照严格的施测程序来完成的.研究表明残疾学生总的心理健康水平极其显著地低于健全学生;由于残疾原因不同,三类残疾学生心理障碍的表现也略有不同肢残生在躯体化得分上显著高于聋生,在人际关系敏感上显著高于盲生. 相似文献
17.
There is a plethora of research on student evaluations of teaching (SETs) regarding their validity, susceptibility to bias, practical use and effective implementation. Given that there is not one study summarising all these domains of research, a comprehensive overview of SETs was conducted by combining all prior meta-analyses related to SETs. Eleven meta-analyses were identified, and nine meta-analyses covering 193 studies were included in the analysis, which yielded a small-to-medium overall weighted mean effect size ( r = .26) between SETs and the variables studied. Findings suggest that SETs appear to be valid, have practical use that is largely free from gender bias and are most effective when implemented with consultation strategies. Research, teaching and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
18.
This qualitative study investigated the role of competition in the success and distress of law students. Participants from an Australian law faculty attended one of four focus groups (undergraduate, postgraduate, academic staff and administrative staff). They discussed their perceptions of competition, the competitive behaviours in law students, the purpose of competitive behaviour and its psychological and learning consequences and the contributing and discouraging factors of competition in law students. Competition was perceived by staff and students to be widespread and included antisocial and manipulative behaviours. The goal of competition was seen to be the best and obtain the best job upon graduation. Competition had a significant impact on the well-being of students, and implications for the structure of law programmes are discussed. 相似文献
19.
文章通过对上海市实验学校高中部学生个性记录卡的统计分析后得出“同伴交往”、“师生交往”、“集体活动”是教师最关心的三类行为。学习状态记录显示男生表现不如女生,表现出教师对两者的不同期望。个性记录卡显示在及早发现学生良好品质和不良行为方面有作用。学校应该对教师记录个性卡做出明确要求;教师应及时准确记录个性卡;对个性卡现实的学生不良行为应及时矫正;应利用个性卡在学生品质形成中的作用。 相似文献
20.
采用ＳＣＬ－９０临床症状自评量表,对随机抽取的江苏、浙江、山东的１８４名聋生、盲生进行测试,结果表明,聋生心理健康总体水平低于国内常模;聋生、盲生相比,焦虑、敌意、偏执、精神病性等因子及阳性项目数方面无差异,部分因子比较,呈现较显著性差异,盲生除躯体化、精神病性两项均分低于聋生,其余因子均分都高于聋生;城乡聋生在抑郁、敌意两因子比较上无差异,后者的均分显著高于前者;聋男女生相比,抑郁、焦虑、恐怖三因子方面无差异,前者均分显著高于后者 相似文献
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