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《黑龙江教育学院学报》2020,(1):128-130
以某省独立学院内部的英语写作大赛决赛32篇议论文和课外完成的32篇议论文作为语料,以二语句法复杂度和人工标注为工具,考察不同的写作环境对中国EFL学习者写作句法复杂度的影响。研究发现,12项指标中有5项与作文分数相关,即C/T(T单位复杂性比率)、DC/C(从属子句比率)、adv clause(状语从句的数量)、obj clause(宾语从句的数量)及att clause(定语从句的数量)。从两种写作环境的作文高低分组统计来看,竞赛环境下的所有指标与课外环境下完成的并无显著性差异。总体来说,T单位复杂性比率C/T及每篇文章中定语从句的数量Att clause是最适合测量独立学院非英语专业学习者句法复杂度的指标。 相似文献
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为检验二语学习者写作中的句法复杂性是否随二语水平的提高而变化,系统分析120篇英语论说文中的句法特征。研究发现：写作单位的长度和频数与学期水平密切相关;非英语专业大学生同样经历着从并列句到子句的过渡;句子类型使用上,简单句使用过多。句法复杂性与作文质量显著正相关,对写作教学和作文评分具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
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写作回避是外语学习者常出现的现象。文章通过一次当堂作文练习,随机抽取30份非英语专业二年级学生的作文进行逐篇分析,对其中的各种词汇和句法回避现象分类和统计,发现学生较常用母语迁移和使用迂回说法、改述的方式来回避复杂词汇,而句法上最常用简单句替代复杂句,尤其是定语从句,并在此基础上提出教学应重视词汇复杂性和句法复杂性。 相似文献
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本研究以小学高年级中国学生和大学高年级越南学生的同题汉语作文为例,从流利性、准确性、复杂性和多样性四个维度,对上述两组被试的书面语言表现进行了测量。统计结果显示,中国学生组的流利性和准确性各项指标均高于越南学生组,尤其在流利性及词汇与句法准确性方面,两组之间存在统计意义上的显著差异;在复杂性方面,两组被试的汉字和词语复杂性测量数据差别不明显,但越南学生组在以T单位长度为指标的句法复杂性方面显著高于中国学生组;在多样性方面,越南学生组的各项指标均高于中国学生组,不过两组之间只在词语多样性方面存在显著差异。这些发现揭示了汉语母语和二语书面表现的不同发展特点． 相似文献
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本研究以语料库中的写作语料为材料,从词汇多样性、词汇复杂性、词汇密度和词汇独特性四个维度来探索英语专业1~4年级学生写作词汇丰富性的发展趋势,研究结果发现:写作中的词汇多样性、词汇复杂性呈非线性发展,且都分别出现了高原现象;词汇密度的发展随着学生年级的升高而提升,但相邻年级间无显著性差异;词汇独特性发展呈现出波动性但各年级间均无显著性差异。 相似文献
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为分析无向化学键网络拓扑结构随时间变化的动态演化规律,从4 274个二元化合物中提取97个化学元素和2 198个化学键,搭建无向化学键网络;利用元素发现时间,搭建对应演化网络。研究表明,演化网络规模随时间变化稳定增加,网络密度、平均度、平均路径长度等指标随时间变化在固定值上下波动。部分参数变化的转折点一定程度上反映了人类科技发展的变化情况。演化网络研究可反映该无向网络拓扑结构的动态稳定性,证明了化学元素—化学键系统的复杂性与特殊性。 相似文献
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"关系从句"(RC)这一术语来自西方语言学中的"relative clause",由于其句法的复杂性而成为心理语言学的重要研究领域。传统对于关系从句的研究多集中在主语关系从句和宾语关系从句加工难度差异及产生差异的成因,关于支撑各种研究的理论层出不穷。鉴于之前相关的研究文献比较分散,本文对研究英语关系从句的心理语言学模型进行整理评述,以期对人们进一步的运用研究有所裨益。 相似文献
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This study examined the relationship of different measures of syntactic complexity with rated quality for two genres of text
produced by middle school students. It was hypothesized that different measures would be associated with distinct aspects
of syntactic complexity; words per clause with greater use of structures more typical of expository texts, and clauses per
T-unit with structures more typical of conversational or narrative registers. A sample of 41 seventh and eighth grade students
from suburban middle schools composed a narrative and persuasive essays. Texts were rated for quality and coded for syntactic
features including words per clause and clauses per T-unit. Syntactic complexity as measured in words per clause was positively
correlated with quality for essays but not for narratives. Clauses per T-unit was positively correlated with quality for narratives,
but negatively correlated with quality for essays. The relationships between syntactic complexity and text quality were thus
found to be dependent both on the genre of the text, and the measure of syntactic complexity used. 相似文献
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K. M. Evans 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(2):121-128
For the purposes of scoring essays written in a second language, two of the most important considerations are the intelligibility and the structural complexity of the writing. Various disadvantages are inherent in the use of clauses and/or sentences as a basis for analysing structure in written work; a more satisfactory technique was developed by Kellogg W. Hunt in America, using what he termed a ‘minimal terminable unit’ or ‘T‐unit’. This technique was applied in the scoring of the NFER open‐ended writing and speaking tests, which formed part of the battery of ‘Tests of English Proficiency forImmigrant Children’. During the development of these tests, the battery was administered to Asian children, for whom it was found that the average T‐unit length in writing and speech increased with increasing length of stay in Britain. (Average T‐unit length has been found by Hunt and O'Don‐nell to increase with age for children writing and speaking in their native language.) The results of the NFER testing indicated that much of the development of proficiency in both the speech and writing of the Asian children tested took place after three‐and‐a‐half years in Britain. (These findings were essentially a by‐product of test development, and therefore must be viewed with caution.). 相似文献
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本文对二语学习者英语写作表现中的语法复杂度的测量及测量效度进行了实证性研究。为检验测量指标的效度,我们以“中国学习者英语语料库”中的大学英语六级考试作文为样本,检验了T单位、从属小句、非限定动词和衔接成分在测量英语学习者书面语语法复杂度方面的效度。研究表明,上述四个指标能较为有效地反映出测量样本的语法复杂度,其中,T单位、非限定动词和衔接成分对书面语语法复杂度的发展具备预测功能。研究还发现,非限定动词指标在统计检验中优于其他三个指标,而从属小句在测量学习者书面语语法复杂度的发展方面的结果不如其他几项显著。 相似文献
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Susan A. Vogel 《Annals of dyslexia》1985,35(1):137-157
Thirty-three college students enrolled in a special LD program at a small liberal arts college were compared with thirty-three
non-LD peers in the syntactic complexity of their writing when asked to write an expository essay on an assigned topic within
a 30-minute time limit. The essays after being scored holistically were then prepared for computer scoring based on T-units
using the Syntactic Density Scoring procedure (SDS). This program was designed to assess syntactic complexity or degree of
embeddedness as one important aspect of good writing. The SDS was comprised of 10 variables which were assigned different
weights and then used in calculating the SDS. LD college writers did not differ significantly on the SDS or the corrected
SDS (CSDS) score. However, they did differ on two of the variables thought to be more sensitive measures of syntactic complexity,
the number of subordinate clauses per T-unit and the main clause word length. The results of the factor analysis confirmed
that the SDS provides supplementary information to other written expressive language tools presently used. Limitations of
this procedure are discussed and recommendations for refinement of the SDS and its potential in the future are described.
This research was supported in part by the June Lyday Orton Language Disability Trust and the U.S. Office of Special Education,
Department of Education (US HEW OE 300 700 493) 相似文献
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Wagner RK Puranik CS Foorman B Foster E Wilson LG Tschinkel E Kantor PT 《Reading and writing》2011,24(2):203-220
Alternative models of the structure of individual and developmental differences of written composition and handwriting fluency
were tested using confirmatory factor analysis of writing samples provided by first- and fourth-grade students. For both groups,
a five-factor model provided the best fit to the data. Four of the factors represented aspects of written composition: macro-organization
(use of top sentence and number and ordering of ideas), productivity (number and diversity of words used), complexity (mean
length of T-unit and syntactic density), and spelling and punctuation. The fifth factor represented handwriting fluency. Handwriting
fluency was correlated with written composition factors at both grades. The magnitude of developmental differences between
first grade and fourth grade expressed as effect sizes varied for variables representing the five constructs: large effect
sizes were found for productivity and handwriting fluency variables; moderate effect sizes were found for complexity and macro-organization
variables; and minimal effect sizes were found for spelling and punctuation variables. 相似文献
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Syntactic complexity has been recognized as an important construct in writing research, and for the past five decades, many syntactic complexity measures (SCMs) have been examined in numerous studies. This systematic review is the first study of its kind to synthesize 36 studies spanning from 1970 to 2019 by identifying and cataloging all SCMs examined during this period. An analysis was performed on how the use of SCMs varied by genre, grade level, students’ writing ability, and writing quality. Five online databases (Academic Search Premier, ERIC, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, and PsycARTICLES) were searched. A total of 48 SCMs were grouped into six categories: T-units and sentences, clauses, phrases, words, combined measures, and other measures. Most studies examined three common SCMs: mean T-unit length, mean number of words per clause, and mean number of clauses per T-unit. The argumentative genre had the highest values for T-unit length and mean number of clauses per T-unit, which could indicate greater sentence complexity. Higher-grade-level students generally construct sentences that are syntactically complex, but comparison between studies was difficult because different studies investigated different SCMs. Although students with higher writing abilities generally construct sentences that are syntactically more complex compared to students with lower writing abilities, the findings are not conclusive, as only a few studies examined this relationship. A similarly inconclusive relationship was found between syntactic complexity and writing quality because only a few studies examined this relationship. More research is needed to examine the relationship between SCMs, writing quality, and genre.
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张孝荣 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2016,(2):251-257
英汉语中的小句结构统一表现为嵌套时态短语的话题短语投射。英语小句中的时态成分在不同小句类型中具有实现事件论元的可选性特征,其句法结果为英语名词小句和形容词小句中的主语移位至话题短语指定语位置,而英语动词小句中话题短语指定语的位置由小代语 pro 占据。话题短语指定语位置上成分的不同造成了英语不同小句中主语被动化提取的差别。汉语中的时态成分同样在实现事件论元方面具有可选性特征。汉语补足语小句中的时态成分选择不实现事件论元,因此汉语名词小句和形容词小句中话题短语指定语位置上的成分为小代语 pro。汉语独立小句中的时态则选择实现事件论元,其主语实现为话题。 相似文献