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1.
目的：构建2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸（2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS）以及恶唑酮（oxazolone,OXZ）诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）模型。方法：120只昆明小鼠（）随机分为4组（n=30）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组参照Morris及Walter的方法制备小鼠TNBS模型：Ⅰ组（TNBS溶剂对照组）,50%乙醇0.1 m L灌肠;Ⅱ组（TNBS模型组）,0.6%TNBS溶液0.1 m L灌肠;两组灌肠给药一次后在d 1、d 2、d 3、d 5、d 7每组处死6只。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组参照Heller方法制备小鼠OXZ模型：Ⅲ组（OXZ溶剂对照组）,皮肤涂抹100%乙醇0.1 m L,每天一次,连续2 d,d 7以50%乙醇0.1 m L灌肠;Ⅳ组（OXZ模型组）,皮肤涂抹1%OXZ溶液（100%乙醇溶解）0.1 m L每天一次,连续2 d（致敏）,d 7以0.5%OXZ（50%乙醇溶解）0.1 m L灌肠;两组灌肠给药一次后在d 1~d 5每天处死6只小鼠。观察Ⅰ~Ⅳ组小鼠疾病活动指数（disease activity index,DAI）、结肠组织大体损伤指数（colon macroscopic damage index,CMDI）和病理组织学评分（histopathological score,HPS）,并检测小鼠结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）、白细胞介素-4（interleukin-4,IL-4）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）的水平。结果：两种模型组小鼠DAI,CMDI和HPS均较对照组有明显改变;TNBS和OXZ诱导的结肠炎均可导致MPO明显上升,TNBS结肠炎TNF-α明显上升,OXZ结肠炎IL-4明显下降。结论：TNBS及OXZ均能诱导小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型。两种模型各有特点,其中TNBS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎以辅助性T1（helper1,Th1）型炎症反应为主,OXZ诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎以辅助性T2（helper2,Th2）型炎症反应为主。 相似文献
2.
研究目的：腐殖酸（HA）对富勒烯（C60）粉末的悬浮作用以及pH、离子强度对HA-C60悬浮性能的影响。创新要点：研究水质条件对C60悬浮性能的影响。研究方法：测定C60粉末在HA溶液中的zeta电位,水力学粒径和悬浮浓度;HA存在下,C60悬浮体系的zeta电位与水力学粒径随pH的变化及C60悬浮体系团聚动力学随离子强度的变化。重要结论：HA对C60粉末起到一定的分散作用,但不能使其长时间稳定悬浮于水中。当pH〈4时,C60水悬液开始沉淀;而当HA存在时,C60水悬液在pH 3-11范围内都保持稳定,这是由于HA吸附于C60表面,通过静电排斥和空间位阻作用,促进C60分散悬浮。C60水悬液的稳定性随盐离子价位和浓度升高而降低。HA会抑制Na＋对C60水悬液的脱稳作用;但高价离子Ca2＋和La3＋存在时,HA与C60之间会发生桥联从而促进C60水悬液脱稳沉淀。 相似文献
3.
Shao-xiang Weng Mei-hua Sui Shan Chen Jian-an Wang Geng Xu Ji Ma Jiang Shan Lu Fang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(7):528-535
Objective This study is to determine the effect of the natural product parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from extracts
of the herb Tanacetum parthenium, on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
Methods Rat aortic VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, and treated with different concentrations of parthenolide (10, 20 and
30 μmol/L). [3H]thymidine incorporation was used as an index of cell proliferation. Cell cycle progression and distribution were determined
by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the expression of several regulatory proteins relevant to VSMC proliferation including
IκBα, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), p21, and p27 was examined to investigate the potential molecular mechanism.
Results Treatment with parthenolide significantly decreased the [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by 30%∼56% relative to control values in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Addition of parthenolide also increased cell population at G0/G1 phase by 19.2%∼65.7% (P<0.05) and decreased cell population at S phase by 50.7%∼84.8% (P<0.05), which is consistent with its stimulatory effects on p21 and p27. In addition, parthenolide also increased IκBα expression
and reduced Cox-2 expression in a time-dependent manner.
Conclusion Our results show that parthenolide significantly inhibits the VSMC proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. IκBα and Cox-2 are likely involved in such inhibitory effect of parthenolide on VSMC proliferation. These
findings warrant further investigation on potential therapeutic implications of parthenolide on VSMC proliferation in vivo.
Project (No. 491020-W50315) supported by the Foundation of the Health Bureau of Zhejiang, China 相似文献
4.
Qi-huan Wang Shuang Zhang Li-meng Qin Wen-jun Zhang Feng-hua Liu Jian-qin Xu Yun-fei Ma Ke-dao Teng 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(11):986-993
Prolonged farrowing remains one of the critical challenges in intensive pig farming. This study aims to explore the effects and mechanism of Yimu San (YMS), a Chinese veterinary medicine micro mist, on delivery ability with mouse models. Thirty-two pregnant mice were randomly divided into a control group and low-YMS, med-YMS, and high-YMS groups. The labor process time and stillbirth rate were recorded, the levels of serum oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Contractility measurements of the isolated uterus and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in uterine smooth muscle were evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, the birth process time and stillbirth rate in the med-YMS and high-YMS groups were remarkably lower. The in vitro uterine contractions, levels of oxytocin, PGE2, and Cx43 in the med-YMS and high-YMS groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The differences of the above measurements between the low-YMS group and the control group were not obvious. It can be speculated that YMS could significantly promote labor in pregnant mice by enhancing the levels of oxytocin, Cx43, and PGE2. 相似文献
5.
Li-bao Ma Bao-yang Xu Min Huang Lv-hui Sun Qing Yang Yi-jie Chen Ya-lin Yin Qi-gai He Hui Sun 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(8):653-661
Objective
To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin (AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H9N2 strain in vivo and in vitro.Methods
In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice (8 weeks old) were divided into five groups (n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H9N2 (control), inactivated H9N2+0.2% (w/w) alum, inactivated H9N2+0.5 mg recombinant AAL/kg body weight (BW), inactivated H9N2+1.0 mg AAL/kg BW, and inactivated H9N2+2.5 mg AAL/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. In trial 2, 30 BALB/c male mice (8 weeks old) were divided into three groups (n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H9N2 (control), inactivated H9N2+2.5 mg recombinant wild-type AAL (AAL-wt)/kg BW, and inactivated H9N2+2.5 mg carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) mutant AAL (AAL-mutR63H)/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. Seven days after the final immunization, serum samples were collected from each group for analysis. Hemagglutination assay, immunogold electron microscope, lectin blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to study the interaction between AAL and H9N2 in vitro.Results
IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody levels were significantly increased in the sera of mice co-immunized with inactivated H9N2 and AAL when compared to mice immunized with inactivated H9N2 alone. No significant increase of the IgG antibody level was detected in the sera of the mice co-immunized with inactivated H9N2 and AAL-mutR63H. Moreover, AAL-wt, but not mutant AAL-mutR63H, adhered to the surface of H9N2 virus. The interaction between AAL and the H9N2 virus was further demonstrated to be associated with the CRD of AAL binding to the surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.Conclusions
Our findings indicated that AAL could be a safe and effective adjuvant capable of boosting humoral immunity against H9N2 viruses in mice through its interaction with the viral surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.6.
Fan-baoHU Yong-feng LIN Ru CHEN Lei DING Wei JIANG 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2014,15(8):643-652
研究目的：比较牛血清蛋白和腐殖酸对Al2O3、SiO2和TiO2三种纳米颗粒团聚与沉降行为的影响,并讨论其影响机制。创新要点：纳米颗粒团聚物直径的增大能引起其沉降速度的加快,但小的水动力学直径并不一定导致低的沉降速度,说明团聚直径不是决定纳米颗粒沉降的唯一因素。研究方法：通过透射电镜观察纳米颗粒团聚物的形态;采用动态光散射技术研究纳米颗粒的团聚动力学;最后通过测量悬浊液的光学吸收来研究纳米颗粒的沉降动力学。重要结论：牛血清蛋白处理降低了三种纳米颗粒在NaCl和CaCl2中的水动力学直径,原因是牛血清蛋白的球状结构能够引起颗粒间的空间位阻斥力。腐殖酸处理导致纳米颗粒的水动力学直径在NaCl中最小,而在CaCl2中最大（图4）,原因是腐殖酸能通过钙的配位作用彼此连接,从而促进了纳米颗粒的团聚。牛血清蛋白减缓了纳米颗粒的沉降;然而腐殖酸在CaCl2中明显加大了纳米颗粒的沉降速度（图5）,与其水动力学直径的增大一致。腐殖酸处理的纳米颗粒在NaCl中水动力学直径最小,但沉降速度却不是最低。 相似文献
7.
This study assessed the effects of explicit teaching of metastrategic knowledge (MSK) on gains of low-achieving (LA) and high-achieving (HA) 5th grade students (N = 41). Gains in reasoning scores of students from the Experimental group (compared to students from the control group) were obtained on the strategic and on the metastrategic level. Gains were preserved in near and far transfer tasks immediately after the end of instruction and 3 months later. Explicit teaching of MSK affected both LA and HA students, but it was extremely valuable for LA students who required a longer period than HA students to reach their top score. 相似文献
8.
9.
INTRODUCTION Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is one of the main air pol- lutants found in the flue gases from chemical and power plants belching acid rain and photochemical smog. Over 90 percent of all man-made nitrogen ox- ides that enter our atmosphere are produced by the combustion of various fuels. Compared with the ad- vanced stage of SO2 gas removal technologies devel- opment, the removal of NOx gases is still in the initial stages of development as roughly 90 to 95 percent of NOx emitted i… 相似文献
10.
11.
Ethene/norbornene copolymerization by the catalyst system [Me2Si(3-tertBuCp)(NtertBu)]TiCl2/MAO was investigated in detail at 30 °C, 60 °C, and 90 °C. A mass flow controller was used in this work to obtain kinetic
data and investigate temperature's effects on activity, norbornene incorporation, copolymerization parameter, microstructure,
glass transition temperature, and molar masses were described. High copolymerization valuesr
ξ and high alternation are determined. The number of isotactic alternating sequences is much higher than that of the syndiotactic
alternating sequences. 相似文献
12.
This research on the solvent effects of 2-methyl-4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-2H-pyridizine (MDOP) in binary solvent systems on the
infrared spectra for MDOP in n-hexane/CHCl3 mixture solvents showed that there were three forms of carbonyl stretching vibration band [ν(C=O)] of MPOP as the mole fraction
of CHCl3 in the binary solvents changes. In pure n-hexane solvent, the ν(C=O) of MDOP appeared at a relatively high wavenumber. With
CHCl3 added, the ν(C=O) shifted to lower wavenumbers. Two new bands were observed over a certain range of mixture solvent compositions.
The origin of the bands was discussed in the terms of two kinds of hydrogen bond together with their individual dependence
on mixture composition. Comparisons were drawn for the solvent sensitivities of ν(C=O) for propanone.
Project supported by the Analysis and Measurement Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China. 相似文献
13.
SO4^2- / TiO2-La2O3, a novel solid superacid, was prepared and its catalytic activities at different synthetic conditions are discussed with esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol as probing reaction. The optimum conditions have also been found, mole ratio of n（La^3＋）：n（Ti^4＋） is 1：34, the soaked consistency of H2SO4 is 0.8 tool/L, the soaked time of HESO4 is 24 h, the calcining temperature is 480 ℃, the calcining time is 3 h. Then it was applied in the catalytic synthesis often important ketals and acetals as catalyst and revealed high catalytic activity. Under these conditions on which the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol is l： 1.5, the mass ratio of the catalyst used in the reactants is 0.5%, and the reaction time is 1.0 h, the yields of ketals and acetals can reach 41.4%-95.8%. 相似文献
14.
You-qun HUANG Rong GOU Yong-shu DIAO Qing-hua YIN Wen-xing FAN Ya-ping LIANG Yi CHEN Min WU Li ZANG Ling LI Jing ZANG Lu CHENG Ping FU Fang LIU 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(1):58-66
Our intent is to examine the predictive role of Charlson comorbidity index （CCI） on mortality of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy （DN）. Based on the CCI score, the severity of comorbidity was categorized into three grades： mild, with CCI scores of 1-2; moderate, with CCI scores of 3-4; and severe, with CCI scores 〉5. Factors influencing mortality and differences between groups stratified by CCI were determined by logistical regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）. The impact of CCI on mortality was assessed by the Kaplan- Meier analysis. A total of 533 patients with type 2 DN were enrolled in this study, all of them had comorbidity （CCI score 〉1）, and 44.7% （238/533） died. The mortality increased with CCI scores： 21.0% （50/238） patients with CCI scores of 1-2, 56.7% （135/238） patients with CCI scores of 3-4, and 22.3% （53/238） patients with CCI scores 〉5. Logistical regression analysis showed that CCI scores, hemoglobin, and serum albumin were the potential predictors of mortality （P〈0.05）. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that DN patients with higher CCI scores had lower levels of hemoglobulin, higher levels of serum creatinine, and higher mortality rates than those with lower CCI scores. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that survival time decreased when the CCI scores and mortality rates went up. In con- clusion, CCI provides a simple, readily applicable, and valid method for classifying comorbidities and predicting the mortality of type 2 DN. An increased awareness of the potential comorbidities in type 2 DN patients may provide insights into this complicated disease and improve the outcomes by identifying and treating patients earlier and more effectively. 相似文献
15.
腐殖酸对钴、镉作用的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文采用碱溶酸沉法提取土壤中的腐殖酸,研究对Co2+、Cd2+的吸附作用机理.结果表明:最佳pH范围为6～7,吸附过程属于放热过程.用该种腐殖酸样品吸附Co2+服从Langmuir和Freudlich吸附等温模型,19℃、35℃、45℃的饱和吸附量为12.51、9.52、8.30mg/g;吸附Cd2+在19℃、35℃时服从Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,饱和吸附量为33.90、33.43mg/g,但在45℃时主要服从Freundlich吸附等温模型.腐殖酸对Co2+、Cd2+的吸附是通过两级络合反应形成配合物的方式结合. 相似文献
16.
Takashi Sagawa 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2018,19(1):80-85
Composite materials of Fe/Al2O3, which consist of small particles of iron supported by thermally stable alumina even at 500–700 °C, have been widely used in the water-gas shift reaction for natural gas reforming. Therefore, Fe/Al2O3 is one of the promising candidates for re-transformation of exhausted CO2 into fuels such as alcohols and hydrocarbons. The development of a CO2 reforming system using the composite materials of Fe/Al2O3 through CO2 reduction to CO, dissociation of water into hydrogen, and methanol synthesis has been investigated. It was found that dry and steam (i.e. wet) reforming of CO2 produced almost the same amount of CO. At a temperature above 500 °C, maximal and saturated yields of CO and H2 from CO2 and water were obtained. However, this CO2 reforming system requires higher-pressure conditions from several tens to hundreds standard atmospheric pressure in order to achieve high yield and selectivity for methanol production. In this study we developed the modified CO2 reforming system by the utilization of Ni and/or Cu instead of Fe in order to obtain other types of useful products such as CO, CH4, and carbon, more efficiently and selectively under atmospheric pressure. When Ni or Cu was used, conversion of CO2 was reduced to 76%, while 9% of methane was detected in the case of Ni. On the other hand, though the CO2 conversion reduced half of the Fe, the selectivity of CO from CO2 increased to 95% in the case of Cu. 相似文献
17.
The synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) from CO hydrogenation has been investigated on Cu-based catalysts. A series
of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared using a solvent-free routine which involved a direct blend of copper/zinc/aluminum salts and citric
acid, followed by calcination at 450 °C. The calcination processes were monitored using thermogravimetry differential scanning
calorimetry (TG-DSC). Catalysts were further characterized using N2 adsorption, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2O oxidation followed by H2 titration, and temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR). The reduction processes were also monitored with in-situ XRD. The physicochemical properties of catalysts depended
strongly on the types of precursor salts, and catalysts prepared using Al acetate and Cu nitrate as starting materials had
a larger surface area, larger exposed metallic copper surface area, and lower reduction temperature. The CO hydrogenation
performances of these catalysts were compared and discussed in terms of their structures. Catalysts prepared with copper nitrate,
zinc and aluminum acetates exhibited the highest catalytic activity. 相似文献
18.
With InCl3·4H2O being used as raw materials, the precursor of nano-sized In2O3 powder was prepared by hydrolysis, peptization and gelation of InCl3·4H2O. After calcination, nano-sized In2O3 powder was obtained. The powder was characterized by thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray
diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Calculation revealed that the mean crystalline
size increased with increasing the calcination temperature, but crystal lattice distortion rate decreased with the increasing
in the average crystalline size. This indicated that the smaller the particle size, the bigger the crystal lattice distortion,
the worse the crystal growing. The activation energies for growth of nano-sized In2O3 were calculated to be 4.75 kJ·mol−1 at the calcination temperature up to 500°C; and 66.40 kJ·mol−1 at the calcination temperature over 600°C. TEM photos revealed that the addition of the chemical additive (OP-10) greatly
influenced the morphology and size of In2O3 particles. 相似文献
19.
It has been proposed that activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays crucial roles in the polarization of adaptive immune responses. A synthetic Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand, Pam3CSK4, has been reported to modulate the balance of Thl/Tn2 responses. We evaluated the modulation effect of Pam3CSK4 on allergic immune response in a mouse rhinitis model sensitized to house dust mite allergen (HDM). Mice were sensitized and challenged with Dermatophagoides farinae allergen (Der f), and then the allergic mice were treated by Pam3CSK4. Nasal allergic symptoms and eosinophils were scored. Der f-specific cytokine responses were examined in the splenocytes and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum level of total IgE was also detected. After establishing a mouse allergic rhinitis model with HDM, we have showed that Pam3CSK4 treatment not only ameliorated the nasal allergic symptoms remarkably but also decreased the eosinophils and total inflammation cells in BALF significantly. Analysis of cytokine profile found that' IFN-γ released from either BALF or stimulated splenocytes increased markedly in Pam3CSK4-treated mice, while IL-13 decreased significantly. Moreover, serum level of total IgE was significantly lower in Pam3CSK4-treated mice than in the untreated. Thus, in an allergic rhinitis mouse model developed with HDM, Pam3CSK4 was shown to exhibit an antiallergic effect, indicating its potential application in allergic diseases. 相似文献
20.
In this study,Pd-Mg(Al)-LDH/γ-Al_2O_3 and Pd-Mg(Al)Zr-LDH/γ-Al_2O_3 precursors were synthesized by impregnating Na_2PdCl_4 on Mg(Al)-LDH/γ-Al_2O_3 and Mg(Al)Zr-LDH/γ-Al_2O_3,and then the precursors were calcinated and reduced to obtain Pd-Mg(Al)-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3 and Pd-Mg(Al)Zr-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts.Compared with Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst,the hydrogenation efficiency of Pd-Mg(Al)-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3 and Pd-Mg(Al)Zr-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3 increased by 15.7%and 24.0%,respectively.Moreover,the stability of Pd-Mg(Al)Zr-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst was also higher than that of Pd/γ-Al_2O_3.After four runs,the hydrogenation efficiency of Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 decreased from 12.1 to 10.0 g/L,while that of Pd-Mg(Al)Zr-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3 decreased from 15.0 to 14.3 g/L.The active aquinones selectivities of all catalysts were almost 99%.The structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),N_2 adsorption-desorption,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES),CO chemisorption analysis,transmission electron microscopy (TEM),temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H_2-TPR),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results indicate that the improved catalytic performance is attributed to the stronger interaction between Pd and Mg(Al)Zr-MMO/γ-Al_2O_3,smaller Pd particle size and higher Pd dispersion.This work develops an effective method to synthesize highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles based on the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursor. 相似文献