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1.
当代认知建构主义认为,学习是学习者通过原有认知结构与从环境中接受的感觉信息间的相互作用主动建构信息意义的过程.在科学教学中,学生认知结构中的错误概念不但会妨碍对新知识的理解和认识,而且会导致产生新的错误概念.根据建构主义的观点,学生的错误概念不可能通过传统的知识传授的方法由科学概念代替学生的错误概念,而必须依靠学生自己通过概念转变学习,实现由错误概念向科学概念的转变.因此,加强对学生的前概念尤其是错误概念向科学概念的转变的研究就成为科学教学一项新的、重要的任务,同时也是当前科学教学改革的一个新的视域. 相似文献
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学生在学习科学课程前,头脑中存在着前科学概念和错误概念,这些概念有很强的顽固性。根据建构主义的观点,学生的错误概念不可能通过传统的知识传授方式由科学概念所代替,而必须依靠学生自己通过概念转变学习,实现由错误概念向科学概念的转变。促进学生前科学概念和错误概念转变的概念转变学习有三步教学策略:揭示学生的前科学概念,这是实现概念转变学习的前提;引发学生的认知冲突,这是实现概念转变学习的契机和动力;鼓励认知顺应,这是实现概念转变学习的关键。 相似文献
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数学概念学习过程中的心理障碍分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数学概念的心理表征大多数情况是以概念意象来定义。概念意象的模糊性、分散性以及与数学定义的不一致性,常常导致学生在表征数学概念时,极易受学生的前科学概念(日常概念)、思维习惯及教师的教法和观念的影响而发生错误。本文从数学教育教学实际出发,就学生在数学概念学习过程中各种心理障碍的表现特征及其形成原因进行分析研究,并用认知理论的观点谈谈学生学习数学概念的过程。 相似文献
4.
所谓概念转变,是指学生原有概念改变、发展和重建,由前概念向科学概念的转变过程。有关概念转变学习理论大都来自建构主义思想。近年来,以促进学生概念转变为目标的科学教学探索,成为科学教育研究和实践中最重要的领域之一。然而,从当前情况看,概念转变 相似文献
5.
当代认知建构主义认为,学习是学习者通过原有认知结构与从环境中接受的感觉信息间的相互作用主动建构信息意义的过程。在科学教学中,学生认知结构中的错误概念不但会妨碍对新知识的理解和认识,而且会导致产生新的错误概念。根据建构主义的观点,学生的错误概念不可能通过传统的知识传授的方法由科学概念代替学生的错误概念,而必须依靠学生自己通过概念转变学习,实现由错误概念向科学概念的转变。因此,加强对学生的前概念尤其是错误概念向科学概念的转变的研究就成为科学教学一项新的、重要的任务,同时也是当前科学教学改革的一个新的视域。 相似文献
6.
概念转变学习理论认为,学习就是学生原有观念的改变、发展和重建,是学生由前科学概念向科学概念的转变过程。基于概念转变学习理论,科学教学的有效策略是要高度重视学生已有的知识经验;善于引发认知冲突;要关注学生构建的概念网络结构;注重情境创设,激发学习动机。 相似文献
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生物教学中错误概念的诊断与矫治 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
袁维新 《课程.教材.教法》2003,(5)
建构主义认为,科学概念的学习就是学生由前概念向科学概念的转变过程。西方学 者对此做了大量的研究。错误概念对生物学概念学习有极大影响,错误概念的诊断技术与 方法包括:概念转变学习;促进错误概念转变教学策略。 相似文献
9.
研究表明,学生学习科学的过程是一种由前概念向科学概念转变的过程。学生头脑中形成的与科学概念不一致的相异构想是造成学生学习困难的重要原因。本文分析了学生存在的生物学相异构想的成因及来源,在此基础上提出了生物学教学中相异构想的转变策略。 相似文献
10.
概念转变学习：一种基于建构主义的科学教学模式 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
建构主义认为，科学概念的学习就是学生由前概念向科学概念的转变过程。西方学者对此做了大量的研究。本文着重分析了概念转变学习的内涵、支持条件、途径和模式，以及促进前概念转变为科学概念的教学策略。 相似文献
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Erno Lehtinen Kaarina Merenluoto Eero Kasanen 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1997,12(2):131-145
From an educational point of view, mathematics is supposed to have a completely hierarchical structure in which all new concepts logically follow from prior ones. In this article we try to show that there are also concepts in mathematics which are difficult to learn because of problematic continuity from prior knowledge to new concepts. We focus on the problems of conceptual change connected with the learning of calculus and the shift from rational to real numbers. We demonstrate the difficulty of this conceptual change with the help of historical and psychological evidence. In the empirical study 65 students of higher secondary school were tested after a 40 hour calculus course. In addition, 11 students participated in individual interview. According to the results the conceptual change from a discrete to a continuous idea of numbers seems to be difficult for students. None of the subjects had developed an adequate understanding of real numbers although they had learned to carry out algorithmic procedures belonging to calculus. We discuss how appropriate recent theoretical ideas on conceptual change are for explaining learning problems in this domain. Also some educational implications are presented. 相似文献
12.
Explanations are used as indicators of understanding in mathematics, and conceptual explanations are often taken to signal deeper understanding of a domain than more superficial explanations. However, students who are able to produce a conceptual explanation in one problem or context may not be able to extend that understanding more generally. In this study we challenge the notion that conceptual explanations indicate general understanding by showing that – although conceptual explanations are strongly associated with correct answers – they are not employed equally across different contexts, and the highest performing students tend to use more general explanations, which may or may not be conceptual. Overall, our results suggest that explanations of fraction magnitudes follow a learning trajectory reflected in students’ accuracy and explanations: weak students focus on concrete, non-conceptual features, stronger students use concepts to explain their answers, and the highest performers tend to use general (but not necessarily conceptual) rules. 相似文献
13.
This article reports research from a 3 year digital learning project to unite conceptual change and scientific reasoning in
the learning unit of combustion. One group of students had completed the course combining conceptual change and scientific
reasoning. The other group of students received conventional instruction. In addition to the quantitative data, six students
from each group were interviewed to evaluate their conceptual change, correct concepts and scientific reasoning. Results indicate
that the experimental group’s students significantly outperformed the conventional group on the Combustion Achievement Test
(CAT), Scientific Reasoning Test (SRT) and Combustion Dependent Reasoning Test (CDRT). Moreover, the experimental group’s
students use higher levels of scientific reasoning more frequently and changed their alternative concepts more successfully
than did the conventional group. Furthermore, once the experimental group’s students’ successfully changed their conceptions,
their concepts tended to be more stable than the conventional group’s students, even after the 6th week of learning. These
results demonstrate that combining conceptual change and scientific reasoning indeed improves students’ conceptual change
and scientific reasoning ability more effectively than conventional instruction. 相似文献
14.
Gülüzar Eymur Ömer Geban 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(5):853-871
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cooperative learning based on conceptual change approach instruction on ninth-grade students’ understanding in chemical bonding concepts compared to traditional instruction. Seventy-two ninth-grade students from two intact chemistry classes taught by the same teacher in a public high school participated in the study. The classes were randomly assigned as the experimental and control group. The control group (N?=?35) was taught by traditional instruction while the experimental group (N?=?37) was taught cooperative learning based on conceptual change approach instruction. Chemical Bonding Concept Test (CBCT) was used as pre- and post-test to define students’ understanding of chemical bonding concepts. After treatment, students’ interviews were conducted to observe more information about their responses. Moreover, students from experimental groups were interviewed to obtain information about students’ perceptions on cooperative work experiences. The results from ANCOVA showed that cooperative learning based on conceptual change approach instruction led to better acquisition of scientific conceptions related to chemical bonding concepts than traditional instruction. Interview results demonstrated that the students in the experimental group had better understanding and fewer misconceptions in chemical bonding concepts than those in the control group. Moreover, interviews about treatment indicated that this treatment helped students’ learning and increased their learning motivation and their social skills. 相似文献
15.
This study reports an adaptive digital learning project, Scientific Concept Construction and Reconstruction (SCCR), and examines its effects on 108 8th grade students' scientific reasoning and conceptual change through mixed methods. A one‐group pre‐, post‐, and retention quasi‐experimental design was used in the study. All students received tests for Atomic Achievement, Scientific Reasoning, and Atomic Dependent Reasoning before, 1 week after, and 8 weeks after learning. A total of 18 students, six from each class, were each interviewed for 1 hour before, immediately after, and 2 months after learning. A flow map was used to provide a sequential representation of the flow of students' scientific narrative elicited from the interviews, and to further analyze the level of scientific reasoning and conceptual change. Results show students' concepts of atoms, scientific reasoning, and conceptual change made progress, which is consistent with the interviewing results regarding the level of scientific reasoning and quantity of conceptual change. This study demonstrated that students' conceptual change and scientific reasoning could be improved through the SCCR learning project. Moreover, regression results indicated students' scientific reasoning contributed more to their conceptual change than to the concepts students held immediately after learning. It implies that scientific reasoning was pivotal for conceptual change and prompted students to make associations among new mental sets and existing hierarchical structure‐based memory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 91–119, 2010 相似文献
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The theoretical background and different methods ofconcept mapping for use in teaching and in research on learning processes are discussed. Two mathematical projects, one on fractions and one on geometry, are presented in more detail. In the first one special characteristics of concept maps were elaborated. In the second one concept mapping allowed students' individual understanding to be monitored over time and provided information about students' conceptual understanding that would not have been obtained using other methods. Regarding the students' individual concept maps in more detail there were some additional findings: (i) The characteristics of the maps change remarkably from fourth grade to sixth grade; (ii) There is some evidence that prior knowledge related to some mathematical topics plays a very important role in students' learning behaviour and in their achievement; (iii) Concept maps provide information about how individual students relate concepts to form organised conceptual frameworks; (iv) Long-term difficulties with specific concepts are able to be traced. These findings are discussed with regard to results of other studies as well as to their implications for the teaching of mathematics in the classroom. 相似文献
18.
Kun Huang Xun Ge Deniz Eseryel 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2017,65(1):75-100
This study investigated the effects of metaconceptually-enhanced, simulation-based inquiry learning on eighth grade students’ conceptual change in science and their development of science epistemic beliefs. Two experimental groups studied the topics of motion and force using the same computer simulations but with different simulation guides: one enhanced with metaconceptual scaffolding, while the other was not. The findings led to the following conclusions: (a) metaconceptual scaffolding enhanced simulation-based learning by significantly reducing science misconceptions, but it was not as effective in changing students’ mental models which consisted of multiple interrelated key concepts; (b) students’ beliefs about the speed of learning and the construction of knowledge were strong predictors of conceptual change learning outcomes; (c) epistemologically more mature students did not benefit more from metaconceptual interventions than those with less mature beliefs; (d) further interventions are needed to promote the development of students’ science epistemic beliefs in inquiry learning. 相似文献
19.
Hsiao‐Ching She 《科学教学研究杂志》2004,41(2):142-164
This article examines how the Dual‐Situated Learning Model (DSLM) facilitates a radical change of concepts that involve the understanding of matter, process, and hierarchical attributes. The DSLM requires knowledge of students' prior beliefs of science concepts and the nature of these concepts. In addition, DSLM also serves two functions: it creates dissonance with students' prior knowledge by challenging their epistemological and ontological beliefs about science concepts, and it provides essential mental sets for students to reconstruct a more scientific view of the concepts. In this study, the concept “heat transfer: heat conduction and convection,” which requires an understanding of matter, process, and hierarchical attributes, was chosen to examine how DSLM can facilitate radical conceptual change among students. Results show that DSLM has great potential to foster a radical conceptual change process in learning heat transfer. Radical conceptual change can definitely be achieved and does not necessarily involve a slow or gradual process. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 142–164, 2004 相似文献
20.
Research has shown that students’ alternative conceptions in science are quite resistent to change, which indicates that the teaching strategies used are not appropriate and that new strategies should be implemented in order to promote conceptual change. This pilot study was carried out with 100 Portuguese 5th grade students and aims: (a) to investigate a teaching strategy geared to the students’ conceptual change, taking into account their misconceptions about scientific ideas; (b) to promote a better attitude towards science. The results of this study indicate that the teaching approach based on the pupils’ alternative ideas and that makes them reflect on their own work and ideas, seemed to increase learning of scientific concepts related to the topic ‘properties and corpuscular model of the air’ and consequently favoured conceptual change better than a ‘traditional’ approach. 相似文献