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1.
《International Journal of Educational Development》2001,21(2):135-148
Research, underpinned by the concept of contextualisation of teaching and learning, was undertaken in Tanzania, Sri Lanka, India and Ethiopia. It examined the way in which teachers in rural primary schools link the formal school curriculum with the life experience of their pupils, particularly in relation to agriculture. Curriculum constraints, efforts by teachers, a supportive environment and linking the school and community were the main issues identified as critical for improving school effectiveness. Based on the findings, a series of action points relating to contextualisation of learning in rural primary schools are suggested for policy makers and researchers. 相似文献
2.
成人学校是乡村的基层教育文化枢纽。针对乡村非遗传承存在的脱域化、碎片化、衰败化现状,提出乡村成校做好非遗传承实践有三大路径:一是挖掘非遗存量,充实非遗乡土特色;二是整合非遗资源,打造全域学习生态;三是活化非遗的现代功能,升华非遗的社会效益。在此过程中,以宁波市鄞州区咸祥成校为例,介绍了学校作为区域非遗传承教育基地,通过建设非遗展厅、成立非遗大师工作室、培育非遗学习共同体、丰富非遗进社区等举措,将非遗技艺创作与教育普及无缝对接,实现了非遗传承与乡村产业兴旺、生态宜居、治理有效、乡风文明、生活富裕的多维统一。 相似文献
3.
We evaluate the impact of initiatives of a rural community in Bukedea District (Eastern Uganda) aimed at improving learning at their local primary school (School A) between 2016 and 2018. We focus on how these community-driven initiatives influenced enrollment, survival, infrastructure development and academic outcomes (test scores) at the local school. As a natural control, we use a primary school (School B) where such initiatives were non-existent. Using methodologies developed by UWEZO, we also collect and analyze household socio-economic data from both communities to develop possible explanations for the observed outcomes. The approaches, achievements and lessons described in this study may inform efforts to improve learning environments at rural primary schools through community involvement. 相似文献
4.
特色发展、跨越发展、市场发展、协同合作及社区共建五种模式构成了国外乡村学校发展的基本模式.特色发展模式强调从本国实际出发,从差异性中找特色;跨越发展及市场发展模式就乡村学校发展的资源需求而言,注重将信息技术带入乡村学校建设;协同合作、社区共建模式则从乡村学校之间、乡村学校与社区关系着眼,侧重于为乡村学校发展营造良好环境.乡村学校发展的五种模式在运行机制、执行主体、组织要素及思维方式方面既有差异,也有共性. 相似文献
5.
Sonja Kosunen 《教育政策杂志》2014,29(4):443-466
Differences in reputation between schools and in classes within schools shape parental choice in the Finnish urban context, even if the differences in school performance and the risks of making a ‘bad’ choice are relatively small. This study analyses the instrumental and expressive orders of schools in a specific educational context. Two overlapping local school choice spaces emerge: the local space of school catchment areas, and the selective space of the city in interaction with neighbouring cities. Entry into the selective space requires different forms of parental capital, and may reproduce educational and social distinctions. Institutions that provide less future exchange value according to the parental conceptions, with socially and ethnically mixed student populations and low expectations of pupils’ contentment are seen to be worth avoiding. The discussion on the choice between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ schools seems to be superficial and to conceal certain educational reproduction processes, which do not officially exist in the Finnish education system. Choosing between classes (general and classes with special emphasis) within a school also works as a distinction strategy. 相似文献
6.
农村中小学布局调整一直以来都是我国促进农村义务教育改革发展的一项重要工作,新时期为实现义务教育均衡发展的目标,各地政府还需进一步完善和推进学校布局调整。威尔士政府在农村小规模学校面临一系列发展困境的现实下,遵循科学民主的原则,积极进行学校布局调整规划,提出了创新性的学校布局调整方式:联盟学校和区域学校,有效提升了学校教育质量。威尔士这种创新性的学校布局调整方式可以给我国新一轮农村中小学布局调整以有益的启示。 相似文献
7.
雷成耀 《安顺师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(5):50-51
伴随农村中小学布局调整出现了＂留校儿童＂以及伴随离异家庭出现了＂单亲儿童＂,这部分农村孩子和父母或父母中一方相分离,父母的缺位导致孩子家庭教育非常薄弱甚至缺失。采取改革户籍制度、给农民工以公平待遇和增加对家庭教育知识的培训、因地制宜地布局农村中小学、完善学校教育补偿制度等措施建立农村社区儿童少年教育和监护体系,为广大农村孩子的健康成长营造一种良好的家庭环境和社会氛围。 相似文献
8.
This study examines the teaching gap between rural and urban schools in China from the perspective of teacher professional learning communities (PLCs). Drawing on in-depth interviews with 36 primary school teachers, the study finds striking disparities between rural and urban schools in the working of Teaching and Research Groups (TRGs). These disparities in TRGs result in divergent patterns of instructional capacity building in rural and urban schools. The evidence shows that teaching and teachers are strongly shaped by the school organizational context. It suggests that strengthening school-wide PLCs is an important way of narrowing the rural-urban teaching and learning gaps. 相似文献
9.
According to Hargreaves and Fink (The seven principles of sustainable leadership, 2003; Sustainable leadership, 2006), sustainable
leadership matters, spreads and lasts, and is fundamental to enduring and widespread school improvement. This observation
is especially germane to the context of leading small primary schools in rural locations, where challenges encountered by
principals in engaging with the complexities of continuous improvement are often accentuated. This article looks at the applicability
of certain aspects of sustainable leadership to the circumstances surrounding small rural schools. First, reasons are given
for devoting attention to the specific context of leadership in small rural primary schools, especially in Australia. The
article then examines the distinctive challenges encountered by principals of small rural schools that appear to compound
the difficulties of pursuing sustainable leadership. The next section draws from a Queensland study (Clarke and Stevens, Small
schools leadership study. Leading and teaching in small schools: confronting contextual complexity in work practices, 2004)
that has generated vignettes depicting the complexity of novice teaching principals’ work in rural environments. Taking cognizance
of Hargreaves and Fink’s analysis of sustainable leadership, selections from these vignettes are used to sharpen understandings
of ways in which sustainable leadership plays out in this context and the factors that either promote or impede its development. 相似文献
10.
Community participation in school management—and in hiring and firing of teachers in particular—has been actively advocated as an effective reform to improve school and teacher accountability in the Global South. This paper examines whether such reform functions in practice as suggested in theory, drawing on the findings of a case study of community schools in rural Zambia. Using the concept of the ‘context of practice’, efforts have been made to understand the local meanings of community participation in school management rather than that of the central government or development partners. Such analysis illuminates the important roles that local economic and cultural capital, complex cultural norms and unexpected micro politics play in shaping the way parents and communities are actually willing and able to participate in school management, and how these issues influence school and teacher accountability. The findings also underscore the difficulty that teachers face when attempting to respond to the local demands, especially in the context of grossly inadequate resources being allocated to them by the state. The paper concludes by arguing, first, that community management of schools in Zambia was an unfunded and unclear policy that shifted financial responsibility to already marginalized rural communities and, second, that direct hiring relationships between parents and teachers will dilute the importance of the political accountability of the state to ensure quality education for all. 相似文献
11.
Irma-kaarina Ghosn 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(1):35-51
In recent years, several anti-bullying programs have been developed, for instance in the UK, USA and New Zealand, but how successful these programs might be outside their own cultural context has not been investigated. This paper describes an action research project, the aim of which was to determine whether a pro-active model against intolerance and school harassment, originally developed and empirically validated in Finland, could be adapted to Lebanese primary schools. The findings indicate that while the Finnish model's core values and its approach are both desirable and applicable in Lebanon, interpretation of some of the key principles is problematic. The study serves as an example of problems encountered when attempting to ‘import’ foreign educational solutions for local problems, particularly where both the culture and the teaching and learning context differ significantly from those in the original study. 相似文献
12.
School context—institutional, community, national socio-cultural, economic and political—plays an important role in developing the characteristics of a learning organisation. In the last decade, the discussion on the school as a learning organisation (SLO) has emerged in Greece which is characterised by a centralised and highly bureaucratised educational system. However, there is a gap in studying SLOs nationwide in Greece and more importantly in using a valid and tested instrument related specifically to schools. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the School as Learning Organisations Survey, based on Integrated Model of the School as Learning Organisation, used in a large scale nationwide SLO study in the Greek context and investigate whether two key antecedents, school size and school geographic location, are related to the level of schools' operating as learning organisations (LOs). A quantitative research was conducted in 418 primary schools throughout Greece. Findings showed that the Schools as Learning Organisations scale in the Greek context consisted of six dimensions and 65 items that loaded on these dimensions. Furthermore, “school size” is related to the transformation of schools into LOs. On the contrary, there seems to be no association between school geographic location and the operation of Greek schools as LOs. 相似文献
13.
吴龙 《江西教育学院学报》2011,32(1):58-60
县域教师进修学校是农村教师教育机构中的重要组成部分,长期以来,县域教师进修学校为农村中小学教师进修提高、促进县域基础教育事业发展做出了重大贡献。但从总体上看,它们还不能完全适应新时期农村中小学教师终身学习的需求和县域基础教育发展的要求,存在着培训机制不活、培训投入不足、培训规划缺失、培训功能受制、培训模式落后、培训者队伍不强等诸多问题。研究县域教师进修学校的发展策略,开展农村中小学教师培训工作创新,对促进县域教师进修学校健康发展意义重大。 相似文献
14.
Despite significant progress over the past fifteen years associated with School Mapping Restructure (SMR) in Chinese rural
schools, many small schools have been closed or have merged with larger primary schools. This has resulted, among other things,
in difficulties for many students in rural areas who now have to travel longer distances to a central (primary) school and
whose families generally have to bear greater expenses for schooling. This paper examines the role of small rural schools
in the Chinese education system, looks at the context and impacts of SMR on these schools in terms of quality, cost and access
indicators, and highlights some of the key difficulties faced by these schools in the restructured education system. We argue
that small rural schools have a significant role to play in delivering education services in rural China and should therefore
be retained, supported and equipped with the right levels of facilities and quality services for them to fulfill their role.
The policy implications of these findings for education officials are discussed in the context of continuing SMR. 相似文献
15.
The study used learning environment variables in investigating changes occurring as students transfer from primary to secondary
school, including the role of student sex and school size pathway as influencing factors in changes in learning environment
perceptions. The My Class Inventory (MCI) and Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) were used in two data-gathering stages,
one in the penultimate month of primary schooling and the other in the fourth month of secondary schooling. The sample comprised
1500 students from 47 feeder primary schools and 16 linked secondary schools. The primary schools ranged from very small isolated
country schools to larger city schools with hundreds of students. Five different school size transition pathways were defined
for analysis: small-to-medium, medium-to-medium, small-to-large, medium-to-large and ‘within-school’ (involving schools with
a K-10 structure, but with separate primary and secondary school sites within the same campus). Although the classroom climate
in secondary schools was perceived more favourably than in primary schools (especially in terms of less friction and competitiveness),
the quality of teacher-student interaction was perceived to deteriorate on most dimensions assessed by the QTI (e.g. a reduction
in teachers' leadership, helping/friendly, understanding and student responsibility/freedom behaviours). But changes in environment
perceptions across transition varied with student sex and school size pathway. For example, perceptions of class satisfaction
across transition deteriorated for girls, but improved for the boys. The findings have implications for administrators and
teachers, particularly those with a role within the ‘middle school’ years.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
《Support for Learning》2003,18(3):100-106
In this study Chris Scrivener explores the experiences of Year 4/5 pupils at Windale School in Oxford who wanted to improve the quality of their local environment and who learned simultaneously about how to make a difference. The article describes the efforts of a primary school to raise awareness in the wider community of the traffic problems outside the school, and to promote action to address these problems. It is an example of the process of action‐oriented learning in the context of a local environmental issue about sustainability. 相似文献
17.
The literature on the effects of primary school size on learning achievement in sub-Saharan Africa is rather limited. To address this gap, we examine the causal relationship between primary school size and learning achievement of two cohorts of students, followed with collection of three rounds of data in Senegal. These two cohorts attended grades 2 and 4 at the beginning of the 2009–2010 school year. We implement an empirical strategy that hinges on value-added models estimated with a doubly robust approach; we find that fourth/fifth graders (and not second/third graders) attending mid-sized schools perform significantly better than their counterparts attending smaller or larger schools. These results are robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. The potential mechanisms through which school size operates include student’s gender, family socioeconomic status, class size and the urban/rural location of the schools. Importantly, we suggest optimal sizes of primary schools for both policymakers and parents. These optimal sizes are contingent upon schools’ urban or rural location. 相似文献
18.
《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2019,(4):95-99
乡村中小学文化建设对乡村学校培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,贯彻落实立德树人根本任务,传承和发展优秀传统乡土文化具有重要价值,影响着乡村学校教育事业的发展方向。长期以来,由于种种因素的制约与影响,使得乡村中小学文化建设,面临着诸多的现实问题和困难。加强乡村中小学文化建设,一是要建立共同愿景,培育共同价值观;二是要建构教师文化,生成乡土情怀;三是强化制度约束,养成文化自觉;四是要根植乡土文化,形成学校个性。 相似文献
19.
This paper examines the role and significance of co‐operation (clustering) between small primary schools in rural areas across England and Wales. By increasing the range of resources available and enlarging staff and pupil peer groups, clustering can counter many of the challenges that confront curriculum delivery in small schools. However, effective inter‐school liaison can be impeded by fears surrounding the loss of individual school autonomy and logistical barriers caused by the nature of rural localities. Just as significantly, reductions in local authority support for cluster schemes combined with increased incentives to compete for pupils may be curtailing useful co‐operation. Findings from a sample of small‐school headteachers suggest, however, that despite recognition of these detrimental pressures, clustering is likely to remain central to a wider set of local coping strategies which are making a significant contribution to the viability of rural education provision. 相似文献
20.
学校教育代表主流社会和国家利益,而地方知识则存在于具体的社区脉络中。在中国少数民族地区的乡村社区里,学校教育与地方知识的关系更深地潜藏在国家与乡村互相建构的关系之中,学校对新时期乡民的真实文化需求,例如将少数民族语言教育纳入学校课程体系的忽视,很可能是导致学校与社区关系趋于紧张的主要原因。学校与社区的关系问题,是文化取向的教育人类学研究的经典命题,亟待相关专家学者在跨文化比较的视野中通过扎实的民族志研究提供有益的中国经验。 相似文献