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1.
Some of the most ambitious experiments in early radio programming involved the coordination of sounds and visuals. This essay explores the phenomenon of “illustrated radio,” or radio broadcasts enhanced with accompanying visual media such as lantern slides, museum exhibits, and filmstrips. Newspapers, museums, and schools experimented with this format in the 1920s–40s in an effort to expand their audiences and adapt their informational missions to a changing media environment. While relatively short-lived, illustrated radio constituted a significant form of audiovisual broadcasting before television and highlights the range of uses that were envisioned for radio when it was new.  相似文献   

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3.
The evolving history of Roma Radio is not unlike other attempts to engender media support for underserved audiences. This essay employs Radio C as an example (a) to understand ethnic minority populations and the challenges they face in maintaining a strong cultural identity, (b) to explore the advantages and disadvantages of radio as a medium for unifying the Roma culture in Eastern Europe, and (c) to suggest a framework for radio and Gypsy cultures in other areas of the world as well as for other nomadic or diasporan cultures.  相似文献   

4.
This essay examines the attempts by many writers to steer the burgeoning U.S. radio industry towards educational uses and programming in the 1920s. At the same time that commercial radio began to take shape, several competing and seemingly incompatible visions of the airwaves emerged—one of which privileged the use of radio for educational purposes. Using discourse from trade journals, general interest magazines, and newspapers, this article explores the calls for educational programming amid the rapidly expanding and consolidating commercial radio industry.  相似文献   

5.
In the 1930s, the residents of upstate South Carolina constructed a homemade media system—wired radio—which lasted in some areas for almost 10 years. Wires were strung across miles of countryside to connect thousands of nonelectrified rural houses to a central receiver located at the end of the power line so that residents could partake in the radio revolution being experienced in other parts of the nation. This essay describes the development and construction of these wired radio systems and looks at local programming and resident reactions to the medium. Information for this essay comes from interviews with and the writings of system operators and subscribers. Initial research indicates that such homemade media system; were unique to that area of the country and that they served different purposes and needs than the wired radio systems that developed in the large cities during the 1930s. Also, previous scholarly work on this topic has maintained that such systems in the United States died out after experimentation in the 1920s, contrary to the findings covered in this paper.  相似文献   

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7.
This essay explores the phenomenon of community radio in Colombia in light of the ongoing internal conflict. Combining a review of the written materials about Colombia's social-political conflict and the history of its radio industry, both in English and Spanish, with first-hand research on the ground in Colombia, I try to demonstrate how community radio is part of a broader movement to democratize society in the face of extreme violence, political repression, and economic dislocation. By using one youth-led radio station in southern Colombia as a case study, I argue that notwithstanding the many problems and drawbacks they face, community radio is playing a role in creating a public sphere.  相似文献   

8.
This introductory essay serves to frame this special public radio symposium that commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, on November 7, 2017. Drawing from his earlier writings on public broadcasting history, the author tells the story of how educational radio got its start and continued to struggle for survival until the fledgling enterprise could be reborn as public radio, a result of what may be the most significant piece of communications legislation of the second half of the 20th century. The author argues that despite the enterprise’s marginalized roots and repeated political attacks that span a half century, public radio, in one form or another, will survive well into the future.  相似文献   

9.
This essay reflects on the challenges and opportunities of researching and documenting contemporaneous digital radio histories. It discusses the implications of preservation-minded research into newly forming production cultures and practices around digital radio and podcasting. Moreover, this piece reflects on the current efforts being conducted to construct, document, and analyze new and emerging industrial and cultural formations within and around podcasting.  相似文献   

10.
童兵 《新闻大学》2020,(3):46-60,118,119
本文将列宁新闻思想的形成发展分为建党、夺权和社会主义建设三个阶段。建党时期的重点是提出通过办报来建党,夺权时期的贡献是建构党报的党性原则,社会主义建设时期是本文的重点。在社会主义建设时期,列宁提出新时期报刊的性质与功能、社会主义出版自由政策、社会主义新闻宣传工作业务指导方针、无线电广播特点功能和共产国际报刊工作的原则与策略。本文对列宁发展马克思主义新闻学的理论贡献作了深入分析,并就加强对列宁新闻思想的学习和研究提出几点建议。  相似文献   

11.
This essay investigates the relationship between media and society by applying three evaluative criteria: media ownership and control; professional practices; and social function of the medium. An historical study of Nicaraguan radio from 1930–1990 provides empirical grounds for theoretical claims. In particular, the practice and function of the community radio network Corporación de Radio Difusión del Pueblo (CORADEP) from 1980–1990 suggests that democracy in the public sphere depends on broad public access to and popular participation in media production and distribution.  相似文献   

12.
Various radio and pulp incarnations of The Shadow have played a pivotal role in shaping American superhero mythology and cultural unconscious. This essay explores The Shadow's origins within the 1930s, and then utilizes Fantasy Theme Analysis to uncover mythic tensions and conflicts within The Shadow's transition from noir-like dystopian antihero into the more romantic utopian superhero of Orson Welles' 1937 radio program. We conclude by contemplating rhetorical implications for The Shadow's “symbolic divergence,” a fantasy evolving into contradictory counter-fantasies and rhetorical visions in radio and pulps, as a provocative illustration of theoretical debates regarding the psychodynamic functions of rhetorical fantasy.  相似文献   

13.
A complex pattern of radio regulation emerged during the mid‐1920s, one in which a close‐knit relationship arose between regulator and regulated. Working together to get radio service to the public were the “regulators”—Herbert Hoover and the Department of Commerce—and the “regulated”— Westinghouse, General Electric (G. E.), the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), and American Telegraph and Telephone (AT&;T). Together, these two groups set radio's agenda and policy through 1927. This essay shows how that synthesis became the blueprint used even today for broadcast license allocation and station licensee assignments.  相似文献   

14.
Ewin Lamar Davis is frequently cited as an influential lawmaker known for promoting antimonopolistic practices during the development of radio broadcasting through the 1920s. He believed monopolistic practices threatened fair business practices, program diversity, localism, and noncommercial radio. His work helped shape early radio legislation, including the Davis Amendment, which attempted to equalize the distribution of radio stations throughout the US. However, little research has been done to clearly articulate his role in the development of radio legislation. This paper uses Congressional records to trace Davis' involvement in legislation leading to the Radio Act of 1927 and the subsequent Davis Amendment.  相似文献   

15.
Canadian historical literature of early radio broadcasting focuses largely on policy and formation of two successive public networks: the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). This literature rests fundamentally on the assumption that the CRBC and CBC were formed to counter the threat of American cultural domination. This study is based on a stratified random sample of radio schedules selected from Vancouver, Montreal, and Halifax newspapers. This content analysis of radio schedules demonstrates an overall trend of greater U.S. programming within Canadian radio station schedules coinciding with the introduction of programs produced in the United States by the CBC.  相似文献   

16.
Kate Newbold 《Media History》2013,19(2):208-223
This essay explores the diverse field of audio records manufactured as tie-ins to popular American radio programs of the postwar period. Little has been written on such products as meaningful artifacts of consumption during any phase in broadcasting history. Yet radio records proved especially meaningful to customers in the 1940s and 1950s, as they offered a highly convenient way to upend rigid transmission schedules and program ephemerality. Here, I focus on spoken word radio albums that promised listeners important broadcast knowledge stored for ‘posterity’ on disk. Phonograph companies like Columbia banked on consumer interest in replay of these programs to sell radio records as technologies of permanence and documents with unparalleled historical and cultural value. I analyze program-to-record case studies like You Are There (1949) and The Quick and the Dead (1951) to illustrate how producers lay claim to historical authenticity via capturing, recording, or releasing transient moments on records.  相似文献   

17.
This article explores the development of the early Canadian radio audience. Without a pattern to follow, the listeners found ways to listen that reflected the restrictions and possibilities of the new technology. Early listeners picked favorite programs, became club members, and were sports fans for the first time. The early listening experiences created the foundation for radio audiences and their listening patterns.  相似文献   

18.
In this short essay, I discuss various meanings of “interface,” borrowing from fields such as software design, human/computer interaction, and music technology, and I consider ways in which the metaphor of “interface” could benefit the study of radio. As radio shifts from the one-to-many, temporally dependent medium of terrestrial broadcasting to the many-to-many, play-on-demand media of podcasts, Internet radio, and other emerging forms, considering the variety of interfaces at play in radio will help scholars and archivists to study, preserve, and perhaps recreate the phenomenological experience of radio in its various forms and transmutations.  相似文献   

19.
Digital radio policy in Canada has moved from a position of seeking to migrate all radio broadcasting onto a single digital transmission system (Eureka-147) to a multi-platform, cross-media and multimedia approach. The most recent digital radio policy of 2006 suggests a range of new possibilities for radio broadcasting, including multimedia broadcasting, but as a result has compromised the early adoption of the Eureka-147 standard. This paper contrasts the different policy contexts of 1995 and 2006 and argues that the competing technological options for digital audio delivery now pose significant dilemmas for broadcasters and policy makers.  相似文献   

20.
Derek Allen 《Media History》2013,19(4):496-513
This essay presents the comparative analysis of two Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations in the West Midlands during the 1970s. ILR was a public, community-based, radio service funded by the sale of spot advertising, and the success or the failure of an ILR station depended on the outlook and experience of its management team. BRMB represented the appropriate balance of experience and expertise. It was headed by a managing director with a commercial background and a programme controller experienced in regulated public service broadcasting. Beacon was a station with a management from a commercial broadcasting background, and their approach brought the station into conflict with the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), ILR's regulator. The profit motive took precedence over the fulfilment of its public service obligations, and it was this which caused the IBA to remove the Beacon licence. This essay will, therefore, address two principal questions: why were the experiences of the two West Midlands ILR stations in the 1970s so different and why were they treated so differently by the regulator?  相似文献   

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