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1.
Nancyanne O&#x;hanlon 《Government Information Quarterly》1984,1(4):365-378
This article examines Executive agency fee waiver guidelines for public interest requesters, including scholars, the media, and public interest groups, within the larger context of F.O.I.A.'s costs and benefits to the public. Information transmitted to the public by these requesters enhances citizen oversight of government activities and assists Congress in formulating public policy. However, arbitrary interpretation of the statute's fee waiver provision and the lack of standard and consistent fee waiver guidelines clearly inhibit use of the Act by public interest requesters. Continuing efforts by some Members of Congress and Executive agency personnel to further limit certain types of information available under the F.O.I. A. prompted renewed consideration of the economic aspects of Federal information policy in general and, in particular, the Freedom of Information Act. 相似文献
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This article examines management of the Freedom of Information Act and how Federal information policy changed during the eight years of the Reagan administration. The article analyzes the 1986 F.O.I.A. amendments and, particularly, the fee waiver provisions; examines the varying congressional and executive interpretations of these amendments; and considers the Reagan administration's skillful use of traditional managerial tools in new ways to shape its policy and implement its philosophy. 相似文献
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Flipped Interlibrary Loan (F.I.L.L.): Putting Interlibrary Loan in the Driver's Seat of Acquisitions
Daniel L. Huang 《Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve》2013,23(3-5):61-74
Interlibrary loan (ILL) is an important service point in the academic library, a channel through which patrons can ask for specific books and expect that those books will be made available to them. Examining the methods in which libraries handle those requests may reveal new workflows wherein ILL can influence the direction of the library's permanent acquisitions. ILL data is able to drive immediate purchases of user-requested titles but also more complex models of acquisition. By comparing circulation rates and expenditures against traditional book-approval plans, acquisitions departments may also measure the financial effectiveness of purchase-on-demand programs and use them to both supplement and supplant those approval plans. At the core of Lehigh University's efforts is an internal library philosophy called “Flipped Interlibrary Loan” (F.I.L.L.), by which ILL can and should inform permanent acquisitions for the library collection. 相似文献
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《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(2):194-208
This study examined the trends of M&As (mergers and acquisitions) in the radio industry from 1981 through 2002. In terms of method, the study investigated both MUS by radio firms and M&As targeting radio firms, and compared M&A frequency and M&A transaction values. The result showed that (1) although M&A activities have consistently increased, they have recently begun to decrease, (2) the loosening of ownership regulations prompted more M&A activities, and (3) the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 encouraged interindustry M&As by radio firms, while the flow of investments from other industries into the radio industry was not changed by the Act. 相似文献
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Kimberley Peters 《Media History》2013,19(3):337-353
Offshore broadcasting pirates, transmitting radio shows from international waters back into the borders of nation-states, have been largely examined from a media-communications perspective. Drawing on pirate stations broadcasting into Britain I argue that new insights into the regulation of this phenomenon can be formed if it is considered not only as a media-communications venture, but likewise a maritime one. Following the Marine &c. Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967, Section 42 of the Broadcasting Act 1990, and the surveillance missions which ensued, I contend that these were not only aerial strategies designed to deal with an aerial problem (that of broadcasting), but also sea-based strategies, designed to deal with a maritime problem (that of broadcasting from ships and forts at sea). I thus propose re-thinking the ways in which successive British administrations regulated the radio pirates, paving the way for an alternative understanding of this phenomenon in media history. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Access Services》2013,10(2):1-22
ABSTRACT Since the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act was signed into law in October, 2001, library administrators have become increasingly concerned that staff–especially student employees–continue to protect the confidentiality of patron records. Administrators have also become increasingly concerned that when law enforcement officials provide paperwork giving them legal access to patron records, staff take steps both to divulge no more information than is necessary and to protect the institution from liability. In response to these concerns, the University of Colorado, Boulder, created an easy-to-understand and easy-to-use document for its public services student employees. This article describes the process by which that document was created, how it was introduced to staff and student employees, and what additional steps are planned for the future. Finally, the document itself is included as a possible model for other institutions that may wish to create procedural guidelines for student employees. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2007,1(3):204-213
Hirsch [Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46), 16569–16572] has proposed the h index as a single-number criterion to evaluate the scientific output of a researcher. We investigated the convergent validity of decisions for awarding long-term fellowships to post-doctoral researchers as practiced by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (B.I.F.) by using the h index. Our study examined 414 B.I.F. applicants (64 approved and 350 rejected) with a total of 1586 papers. The results of our study show that the applicants’ h indices correlate substantially with standard bibliometric indicators. Even though the h indices of approved B.I.F. applicants on average (arithmetic mean and median) are higher than those of rejected applicants (and with this, fundamentally confirm the validity of the funding decisions), the distributions of the h indices show in part overlaps that we categorized as type I error (falsely drawn approval) or type II error (falsely drawn rejection). Approximately, one-third of the decisions to award a fellowship to an applicant show a type I error, and about one-third of the decisions not to award a fellowship to an applicant show a type II error. Our analyses of possible reasons for these errors show that the applicant's field of study but not personal ties between the B.I.F. applicant and the B.I.F. can increase or decrease the risks for type I and type II errors. 相似文献
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The Wagner Act of 1935 (the National Labor Relations Act) transformed unionization and collective bargaining from legally‐acknowledged rights difficult to exercise into federally‐protected rights. The National Labor Relations Board was established as a legal body that could punish employers for violating workers’ rights to organize. A narrative analysis of the competing stories provided by the proponents and opponents of the Act reveals how consequence, context, and values interact in a narrative framework to legitimate social change in policies and to realign value structures. 相似文献
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《Medical reference services quarterly》2013,32(4):19-29
The Freedom of Information Act mandates that Federal agencies provide access to their files to any individual requesting information. Files available from the Food and Drug Administration are particularly valuable to medical librarians, offering information about the approval and regulation of medical devices and pharmaceuticals. This article briefly describes the approval process for drugs and devices and the corresponding records that generally are held on file at the Food and Drug Administration. Instructions for structuring a Freedom of Information Act request letter, resulting charges, and expected responses are outlined. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(36):153-171
Self-help resume writing books can enable resume writers to make informed decisions concerning appropriate resume content. Librarians who endeavor to meet the career information needs of job seekers have a responsibility to maintain the quality of the resume writing books in library collections. This study utilized the resume content preferences of personnel administrators to explore whether a sample of resume writing books made appropriate resume content recommendations for college graduates seeking entry-level positions. Analysis revealed that the resume books recommended including the resume content items that were preferred by the personnel administrators. However, rather than recommending definite exclusion or inclusion of item personnel administrators referred not to see on resumes, the books tended not to mention these items or made conditional recommendations. The implications of the major research findings are discussed and additional research is recommended. 相似文献
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中美网络信息资源的知识产权保护比较研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
从网络信息资源知识产权保护内涵方面比较 ,中美两国存在着立法思想及保护范围上的差异 ,以及保护内容上的不同。从网络信息资源知识产权技术保护与管理手段方面比较 ,中美两国在这两方面所处的法律地位有本质差异。对此 ,美国数字千年版权法 (DMCA)有详细规定 ,我国的著作权法应当吸纳其科学合理内容。参考文献 17。 相似文献
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Institutional repositories typically have a submission agreement that is meant to protect the institution hosting the repository and inform submitters of their rights and responsibilities. This article examines how various libraries have created submission agreements, enquires as to issues surrounding them, and identifies commonalities and unique statements. The authors deployed a survey to institutional repository administrators listed in OpenDOAR in the United States. Approximately 7% of the 304 potential institutional repository managers responded. Library administrators, institutional repositories managers/architects, and legal counsel were the most likely to have input into the creation of the submission agreement; scholarly communications librarians were involved only 20% of the time. Although submission agreements averaged 282 words arranged in 9 sentences, their reading complexity requires a university degree. Commonalities include characterizing the agreement as a non-exclusive license, indicating the submitter's responsibility for obtaining permissions for any content that they did not produce, and confirming the right of the submitter to enter into the agreement. Submission agreements are generally complex and do not accommodate the common practice of mediated submission. Sharing submission agreements publicly may lead to simplified and standardized language and reduce barriers to submitters. 相似文献
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This research presents findings from a case study of how three municipal access channels were transformed into channelAustin, a digital community access center in Austin, TX. More generally, it addresses the question of how states and municipal governments can employ video franchise resources to promote sustainable adoption and use of broadband services. Drawing on participatory approaches to community development, this paper offers a model of community participation in local information ecosystems to guide planning and evaluation of these interventions. Findings indicate that digital community media projects like channelAustin can help municipalities serve information needs of ethnically diverse local publics, while also promoting advanced digital skills, economic opportunities, civic engagement, and social cohesion. However, the article recommends that more attention be placed on community outreach, partnerships with nonprofits and other local public media, local curation of citizen-produced, digital content, and the consolidation of accessible online distribution channels through which residents can connect and deliberate about local issues. I discuss the implication of these findings for efforts to connect broadband and media localism policies in the U.S. 相似文献
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Harold Barrett 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):259-266
On a significant occasion in the 1960 presidential campaign, John F. Kennedy chose to handle the religious issue by arguing that Catholicism and Americanism were compatible. 相似文献
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基于民国期刊的时代特征以及套录数据源中部分民国期刊数据存在的问题,总结了民国期刊的著录要点:其一,要注意对期刊版本的识别及版本信息的客观著录;其二,要注意对出版发行信息的完整著录;其三,要注意对社会影响力大的期刊进行详细著录;其四,注意对个人责任款项及名人题写刊名情况的著录。 相似文献
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《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(4):351-372
The 5-year period between 1933 and 1938 represents a critical juncture in the history of advertising. It was during this period, and only during this period, that Congress formally considered exactly what should be the role of advertising in our society and how it should be regulated. In this article, I chronicle some of the main issues and developments behind the struggle over the crafting and passing of legislation for the regulation of advertising that took place in the 1930s. I discuss how the Tugwell bill (S. 1944, 1934), a radical measure drafted with consumer protection in mind, evolved into the Wheeler-Lea Act of 1938, a law that rendered such protection virtually painless from advertisers' perspective. Noting that the Wheeler-Lea Act, after more than 6 decades, is still the major law on advertising regulation, the article points to some of its modern implications and evaluates its current value. 相似文献
19.
The study reviews the important role of information systems and their impact on educational planning and development. It also attempts to identify gaps in the provision of information needed by educational administrators who are key planners of education enterprise in Pakistan. It intended to determine their views about the development, objectives and needed services of a user centered information system for educational administrators. To achieve these objectives, a literature review, questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted. Thus, the educational administrators (i.e., registrars/deans/chairpersons in universities and principals of schools and colleges) were identified as the target population for the survey and were selected through cluster sampling. The respondents were from the Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory. In total, 297 (99%) responses were received and analyzed quantitatively. Interviews of purposively selected educational administrators were also conducted for a more in-depth understanding of respondents’ points of view. This triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods helped in understanding the phenomena under study. Recommendations and conclusions are also drawn in the light of findings of the study. The study is the first one of its type that tried to probe the gaps in the process of accurate/valid information supply to educational administrators and planners. This gap is causing serious challenges for education in Pakistan. 相似文献
20.
The study reviews the important role of information systems and their impact on educational planning and development. It also attempts to identify gaps in the provision of information needed by educational administrators who are key planners of education enterprise in Pakistan. It intended to determine their views about the development, objectives and needed services of a user centered information system for educational administrators. To achieve these objectives, a literature review, questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted. Thus, the educational administrators (i.e., registrars/deans/chairpersons in universities and principals of schools and colleges) were identified as the target population for the survey and were selected through cluster sampling. The respondents were from the Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory. In total, 297 (99%) responses were received and analyzed quantitatively. Interviews of purposively selected educational administrators were also conducted for a more in-depth understanding of respondents’ points of view. This triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods helped in understanding the phenomena under study. Recommendations and conclusions are also drawn in the light of findings of the study. The study is the first one of its type that tried to probe the gaps in the process of accurate/valid information supply to educational administrators and planners. This gap is causing serious challenges for education in Pakistan. 相似文献