共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 96 毫秒
1.
《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(1-2):37-42
A controlled experiment was conducted to determine whether various forms of redundancy, namely headlines and recapitulations, significantly enhance listener understanding of a radio newscast The impact of these techniques on learning was tested with a two factor experimental design (N = 128) with a 13-story newscast. It was hypothesized that headlines and recaps would have a positive effect on understanding the stories, operationalized as free-response recall. Results showed that both headlines and recaps significantly enhanced understanding. However, headlining appeared to be the more influential technique. 相似文献
2.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):75-91
Contemporary attitudes toward communication can be viewed as two‐dimensional—expressive and instrumental. The argument of this article is that the instrumental, or as we would label it, the rhetorical approach, best promises to facilitate human understanding and to effect social cohesion. Five characteristics of rhetorical sensitivity are described. These are features which, if incorporated and operationalized in discourse, can help men make the most of social interactions. The rhetorically sensitive person (a) tries to accept role‐taking as part of the human condition, (b) attempts to avoid stylized verbal behavior, (c) is characteristically willing to undergo the strain of adaptation, (d) seeks to distinguish between all information and that information acceptable for communication, and (e) tries to understand that an idea can be rendered in multi‐form ways. 相似文献
3.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):208-214
This study focused on patterns of verbal behavior embedded in the interview process rather than on externalfactors as predictors of outcome. A Markov model was used to map the relationships between interviewer styles, time, and patterns of communication. Each interview was conceptualized as a system, and the categories of verbal behavior were treated as the finite number of states the system could ocupy. Thirteen‐state and three‐state models of the interview systems were constructed which displayed both state probabilities and transition probabilities of the system's states. The basic finding was that although each interview system had different probability structures, the structure of any one system was quite stable over time. 相似文献
4.
The intensity of the viewing experience people have while watching television was expected to enhance recall of commercials and also to render commercials less vulnerable to negative attitude change over multiple exposures. The effects of two variables, commercial induced emotion and product involvement, were tested in an experiment where people watched one hour of programming and embedded commercials on four consecutive days. Testing occurred after the fourth session; ads were repeated from two to 12 times during this time period. Broadly stated, findings indicate that emotional appeals and product involvement have favorable effects on brand name recall, attitudes, and purchase intention. Results are discussed with regard to their managerial and social implications. 相似文献
5.
This experiment suggests that recognition and recall are better for radio commercials with imagery‐eliciting copy than for commercials without imagery‐eliciting copy. 相似文献
6.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):408-420
The relative effectiveness of visualization and verbalization as mediators of thought was investigated in two experiments. It was found that when subjects were required to pass on verbal instructions, they performed better in the presence of a visual referent. Subjects who were required to overtly visualize (draw) during a discrimination learning task performed as well on a subsequent transposition task as subjects who were required to overtly verbalize (talk). Both groups performed better than a control group which was not required to overtly visualize or verbalize. 相似文献
7.
Ron Garay 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(4):469-490
This study examines children's understanding of temporal order as depicted on television through three distinctive techniques — canonical sequencing (normal time), reversed sequencing, and “time‐leaps”; (advanced time). Findings suggest that cognitive skills associated with the ability to comprehend liquid conservation contribute to children's understanding of the temporal ordering of televised events in real time, including both canonical and reversed sequencing. Understanding of the more complex, telegeneric time‐leap modification of temporal sequencing was found to be associated with the quantity of children's television consumption. 相似文献
8.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):182-188
Human communication research has identified and investigated numerous aspects of interpersonal transactions, but has largely ignored the process by which people terminate these encounters. Through controlled observation and laboratory testing, this study sought answers to the following questions: (1) What specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors are associated with the termination of communicative exchanges; and (2) Do these verbal and nonverbal termination behaviors vary according to the situational and relational constraints that bind two communicators. Twenty‐five behavior styles were scrutinized during eighty interviews. Results indicated that behavioral regularity attends leave‐taking—signalling inaccessibility and signalling supportiveness. 相似文献
9.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):262-271
This study examined the extent to which the destruction of trust of one group member by another, influenced the quality of communication in a small group discussion. A nonfluency category system was applied to verbal data. Under trust‐destroying conditions, results indicated substantial decreases in verbal fluency of a naive subject, as well as the remaining group members. 相似文献
10.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):265-273
AbstractThis paper reports on the results of experiments to test for visual changes to paint systems after biocidal treatments, using a statistical binary procedure. Four biocides were selected, two of which are fungicides—a quaternary ammoniumorganotin mixture (BioMet 66®)in distilled water and an orthophenylphenol (Lysol®) in a spray— and two of which are fumigants—sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F6), a gas (Vikane®), and nitrogen gas (N2) (as an anoxant). The procedure used to assess the effect of the biocidal treatments was a random field visual scoring regimen by two paintings conservators. The tests were conducted on 30 combinations of linen, rabbitskin glue size, lead white oil ground and oil-based paints. The visual assessment procedure provided information on color change, gloss change, blanching, topography change and precipitation. The results indicated that Vikane adversely affected 10 of 11 pigment systems; Lysol adversely affected six of 11 pigment systems; BioMet 66 had a minor effect on four of 11 pigment systems; and nitrogen had no visible effect on any sample. The visual technique provided a quick and broad method for assessment of non-subtile visual changes. 相似文献
11.
Tove Faber Frandsen Christina Louise Lindhardt Mette Brandt Eriksen 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(3):388
Objective:A growing volume of studies address methods for performing systematic reviews of qualitative studies. One such methodological aspect is the conceptual framework used to structure the review question and plan the search strategy for locating relevant studies. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the retrieval potential of each element of conceptual frameworks in qualitative systematic reviews in the health sciences.Methods:The presence of elements from conceptual frameworks in publication titles, abstracts, and controlled vocabulary in CINAHL and PubMed was analyzed using a set of qualitative reviews and their included studies as a gold standard. Using a sample of 101 publications, we determined whether particular publications could be retrieved if a specific element from the conceptual framework was used in the search strategy.Results:We found that the relative recall of conceptual framework elements varied considerably, with higher recall for patient/population (99%) and research type (97%) and lower recall for intervention/phenomenon of interest (74%), outcome (79%), and context (61%).Conclusion:The use of patient/population and research type elements had high relative recall for qualitative studies. However, other elements should be used with great care due to lower relative recall. 相似文献
12.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):140-143
This study explored the manner in which young children utilize meaning clues implicit in nonlinguistic aspects of context to aid comprehension of difficult sentences. Comprehension of reversible passive sentences was measured for the degree to which visual context could be helpful to sentence understanding. Results indicated a strong reliance on visual cues by children from three to seven years of age. The use of visual aids as a means of helping children develop comprehension strategies is suggested. 相似文献
13.
This study electronically‐monitored in‐home RCD activity. The frequency of channel changing and other RCD behaviors were recorded and discrepancies between self‐reported and actual RCD use are examined. This is one of a few academic studies of RCDs that does not rely on a survey (respondent recall) or on observation, but rather records actual behaviors in the participants’ home. This study also examines viewers’ uses of RCDs within the framework of selective exposure. Slightly over 374 hours of television viewing by 44 participants yielded 13,680 channel switches. It was found that viewers made an average of 36.6 channel changes per hour. In other words, they watched channels for an average of one minute and 38 seconds between switches. Further analyses revealed an audience of “rapid‐fire”; channel grazers as 80% of the switches took place after a channel was on for less than five seconds. 相似文献
14.
Film and video techniques are examined through the insights of cognitive psychology and an experimental paradigm adapted from studies of verbal behavior. 相似文献
15.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):147-155
In an experimental study, closed‐circuit television was used to test whether visual and/or audio responses from a listener increased communication accuracy. Thirty‐two dyads were drawn randomly from the male and female populations of the basic speech course at Florida State University, Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for the influence of interaction time. The findings suggested that the audio channel carried the information necessary to improve communication, and the visual channel provided auxiliary feedback which was inefficacious without the audio. A secondary finding indicated that within feedback conditions accuracy is independent of times. 相似文献
16.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):161-183
Perhaps the most well‐known finding in the study of interpersonal relations is that attitude similarity leads to attraction. Recent research has found that the similarity‐attraction effect is diminished after informal social interaction. The mediating effects of verbal and nonverbal behaviors in attenuating or strengthening the effects of similarity on attraction have not themselves been studied. The present experiment tests the similarity‐attraction relationship in a conversational setting while investigating the effects of kinesic and vocal behaviors as mediators. Forty dyads, with similar and different attitudes who were newly acquainted or well known to one another, participated in 30 minute, non‐directed conversations. Their conversations were videotaped and coded for several vocal and kinesic indicators of involvement. After taping, subjects filled out attraction and satisfaction measures. Analyses revealed that attitude similarity affected attraction and satisfaction, even after an intervening interaction. Attitude similarity affected posture and orientation as well as similarity in gaze and adaptors; relationship stage affected vocalizations and discrepancies between partners’ speech rate and posture behaviors. Finally, it was found that senders’ smiling, speech rate, and postural orientation explained variance in partner attraction and satisfaction beyond that due to initial attitude similarity‐dissimilarity; certain measures of behavioral similarity accounted for attraction and satisfaction outcomes, reducing the effects of attitude similarity. 相似文献
17.
Barbara Laughlin Adler 《Communication Teacher》2013,27(2):33-35
Objective: Students will identify several unique characteristics of verbal vs. visual messages, including the superior ability of language to communicate objective, factual, philosophical content in past, present, and future terms; and the superior ability of visual images to communicate social-emotional meaning and concrete information limited in time to the present Courses: This activity could be useful in any class that includes units on the nature of verbal and nonverbal messages, such as a basic survey course, communication theory, media literacy, language and communication, and verbal and nonverbal communication A version of this assignment was presented at the 2004 Central States Communication Association Convention, Cleveland, Ohio 相似文献
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19.
Sarah Stein 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(3):249-269
–The television news magazine genre carries with it an implicit bias that began in an earlier stage of television's dissemination when TV journalism sought to be legitimized by using standards of objectivity handed down from newspapers and magazines. This article contends that this legitimation was attempted by valorizing the rhetorical power of the spoken word and effectively ignoring that visual images carry independent persuasive power–persuasive power, moreover, that often contradicts the verbal and escapes the containment of the objective word. In support of this contention, the essay examines several episodes of 60 Minutes programming. Particular attention is paid to verbal and visual juxtapositions in which the visual imagery and editing choices subvert the stated intentions of the verbal elements. The aim is two-fold: to contribute to critical rhetorical analyses that seek to comprehend the impact of the visual in verbal or print-oriented contexts; and to uncover some of 60 Minutes' ideological underpinnings by casting light on the particular version of reality it constructs, and the beliefs, attitudes, and values it shapes. 相似文献
20.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):9-27
Data from this experiment indicate that verbal approval of a prior speaker led to disruptive effects on certain speech patterns of a second speaker, both in a condition where the second speaker received no verbal approval and in a condition where the second speaker received verbal approval. Subjects in these two conditions presented a significantly greater number of nonfluencies than did subjects in a condition where the prior speaker had not received verbal approval. Also, the estimates of speaking time indicate that greater anxiety may have existed in these two conditions. Unlike some previous research, this experiment yielded no significant differences in speaking rate among the three conditions. 相似文献