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1.
Conceptual Analysis: A Method for Understanding Information as Evidence, and Evidence as Information
Jonathan Furner 《Archival Science》2004,4(3-4):233-265
The utility of conceptual analysis for archival science is assessed by means of an exploratory evaluation in which the concept
of evidence is analyzed. Usage of the term “evidence” in the philosophies of science, law, and history is briefly reviewed;
candidates for necessary conditions of evidentiariness are identified and examined; and taxonomies are built of evidentiariness
and of archival inference. Correspondences are shown to exist between the concepts of evidentiariness and relevance, and between
the domains of archival science and social epistemology, thereby pointing in promising directions for further research. The
tentative conclusion is reached that conceptual analysis may profitably be used to improve understanding of archival concepts. 相似文献
2.
From work to text to document 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
David Beard 《Archival Science》2008,8(3):217-226
The defining trope for the humanities in the last 30 years has been typified by the move from “work” to “text.” The signature text defining this move has been Roland Barthes seminal essay, “From Work to Text.” But the current move
in library, archival and information studies toward the “document” as the key term offers challenges for contemporary humanities research. In making our own movement from work to text to document, we can explicate fully the complexity of conducting archival humanistic research within disciplinary and institutional contexts
in the twenty-first century. This essay calls for a complex perspective, one that demands that we understand the raw materials
of scholarship are processed by disciplines, by institutions, and by the work of the scholar. When we understand our materials
as constrained by disciplines, we understand them as “works.” When we understand them as constrained by the institutions of
memory that preserve and grant access to them, we understand them as “documents.” And when we understand them as the ground
for our own interpretive activity, we understand them as “texts.” When we understand that humanistic scholarship requires
an awareness of all three perspectives simultaneously (an understanding demonstrated by case studies in historical studies
of the discipline of rhetoric), we will be ready for a richer historical scholarship as well as a richer collaboration between
humanists and archivists. 相似文献
3.
Kalpana Shankar 《Archival Science》2004,4(3-4):367-382
Recent scholarship in archival studies has employed “non-traditional” modes of analysis to theorize the nature of the record
and recordkeeping in organizational contexts. In that tradition, this paper discusses the author's use of ethnographic methodology
to study recordkeeping in one academic research laboratory. The paper explores how ethnography contributes to our understanding
of the laboratory as a recordkeeping organization and the intersections of scientific practice and the kinds of records scientists
create and use. The paper calls for more analysis of recordkeeping as an information infrastructure and inquiry into the nature
of the record in other kinds of knowledge production environments. 相似文献
4.
Richard J. Cox 《Archival Science》2002,2(3-4):287-309
In this essay, the author ruminates on the relationship between collecting and archival appraisal. He argues that collecting
does not necessarily equal appraisal, although society and even archivists value it as an important function. The author stresses
that the critical need is for archivists to have a clear perspective, whether highly theoretical or immensely practical, of
what it is they hope to accomplish in appraising and that they need to document this process so that future researchers and
archivists can understand what archival appraisal meant. As it is, archives might become more valued as important cultural
symbols than for the records they actually hold. The notion of an “end” of collecting is in the sense that collecting is appraising,
but appraising elevated to a professional function requiring more care, deliberate thought, and self-evaluation. 相似文献
5.
Brien Brothman 《Archival Science》2010,10(2):141-189
In 1924, Canadian Dominion Archivist Arthur Doughty (1860–1936) characterized archives as “the gift of one generation to another.”
This essay takes these words seriously. It sets aside the common habit of thinking of archival work in terms of “keeping”
and “preserving” and experiments with—re-imagines—archives as a form of gift giving. However, as a growing body of scholarship
across numerous disciplines is discovering, gift giving is a complex social act. Thus, construing archives as a form of gift
opens up new avenues of critical inquiry into archives’ unique temporal consciousness and its importance to accounts of the
establishment and unmaking of any social order. This article explores the nature of archival consciousness and its place in
social theory. 相似文献
6.
Wendy Duff 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1996,10(4):326-351
This article reports on a research study that tested the effect of statements of “ literary warrant ” on lawyers, auditors
and information specialists’ evaluations of a set of functional requirements for electronic evidence. It found that legal
statements can increase the rating of importance of some of the functional requirements. Its results also provided evidence
that differences in subjects professional backgrounds and their computer knowledge can affect the ratings of importance the
subjects gave to the functional requirements.
This study was completed as part of the requirements for the author’s doctoral program. It has benefited immensely from the
insightful comments received from members of her doctoral Committee: Richard Cox, Margaret Hedstrom, Edie Rasmussen, and Steven
Hirtle. David Bearman first purposed the concept of “ literary warrant ”, and this study has also profited greatly from his
wise advice. 相似文献
7.
Donato Tamblé 《Archival Science》1987,1(1):83-100
Archival theory in Italy has a long tradition, going back as far as the second half of the nineteenth century, and with roots
in the 17th and 18th centuries. Central theme in the theory is themetodo storico, the principle of provenance, for the first time expressed in the late 19th century by Bonaini and Bongi. In the following
decades archivists like Casanova and Cencetti were among the leading authors. Elio Lodolini assigned himself the task to synthesize
ideas and notions, within a clear distinctions between records (registratura) and archives. One of the overall characteristics
of the rich Italian literature is the stressing of the cultural value of archives.
I have twice treated before the theme of archival theory in Italy from the fifties up to the nineties. The first time on the
occasion of the 25th anniversary of theScuola speciale per Archivisti e Bibliotecari dell'Università degli Studi “La Sapienza” di Roma in 1989, when there was an international round table on archival science in the State Archives of Rome. My essay,Italian archival science today, has been published in the proceedings of the meeting (cfr. Donato Tamblé,L'archivistica in Italia oggi, inStudi sull'archivistica, by Roma: Elio Lodolini, 1992). Some years later, in 1993, I published a book on contemporary Italian archival theory (Donato
Tamblé,La teoria archivistica italiana contemporanea (1950–1990). Profilo storico-critico (Roma, 1993) which was the sequel to the volume of Elio Lodolini on Italian archival history — (Lineamenti di storia dell'archivistica italiana (Roma, 1991). The purpose of my book was that of locating and identifying the scientific object of archival science as it
developed and was clarified in the thinking and in the lucubration of the contemporary Italian Archivists. 相似文献
8.
Donato Tamblé 《Archival Science》2001,1(1):83-100
Archival theory in Italy has a long tradition, going back as far as the second half of the nineteenth century, and with roots
in the 17th and 18th centuries. Central theme in the theory is themetodo storico, the principle of provenance, for the first time expressed in the late 19th century by Bonaini and Bongi. In the following
decades archivists like Casanova and Cencetti were among the leading authors. Elio Lodolini assigned himself the task to synthesize
ideas and notions, within a clear distinctions between records (registratura) and archives. One of the overall characteristics
of the rich Italian literature is the stressing of the cultural value of archives.
I have twice treated before the theme of archival theory in Italy from the fifties up to the nineties. The first time on the
occasion of the 25th anniversary of theScuola speciale per Archivisti e Bibliotecari dell'Università degli Studi “La Sapienza” di Roma in 1989, when there was an international round table on archival science in the State Archives of Rome. My essay,Italian archival science today, has been published in the proceedings of the meeting (cfr. Donato Tamblé,L'archivistica in Italia oggi, inStudi sull'archivistica, by Roma: Elio Lodolini, 1992). Some years later, in 1993, I published a book on contemporary Italian archival theory (Donato
Tamblé,La teoria archivistica italiana contemporanea (1950–1990). Profilo storico-critico (Roma, 1993) which was the sequel to the volume of Elio Lodolini on Italian archival history — (Lineamenti di storia dell'archivistica italiana (Roma, 1991). The purpose of my book was that of locating and identifying the scientific object of archival science as it
developed and was clarified in the thinking and in the lucubration of the contemporary Italian Archivists. 相似文献
9.
This article chronicles the rapid expansion since 1990 of research within archival science and characterizes contemporary
archival research culture. It examines the role and state of key factors that have led to the development of the existing
research infrastructure, such as growth in doctoral education, forums for presenting and publishing research, the numbers
and size of graduate archival education programs, availability of diverse funding for research, transdisciplinary and international
research collaborations, and application of innovative research methods and tools appropriate for investigating increasingly
complex and wide-ranging research questions. An Appendix articulates and names archival research methods, including those
derived and adapted from other disciplines, with a view to adding to the “literary warrant” for archival research methods,
promoting the rigorous application of research design and methods, and providing sources for the teaching of research methods
for professional and research careers. The article concludes with recommendations about how to sustain and extend the emerging
research front. 相似文献
10.
Maria Guercio 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1997,11(3-4):219-222
For the definition of electronic records, the use of new terms, like literary warrant, is not necessary, and for the European perspective even not understandable. If this expression simply means best practice and professional culture in recordkeeping, we only to know what creators did for centuries and still do today and probably will do also in the future, by referring to the archival science, diplomatics and archival practice for clarifying definitions in the recordkeeping environment. A multi-disciplinary approach is still required for the electronic recordkeeping system as it was in the past for traditional records, but the theory and the terminology should be consistent and based on the deep understanding of essential characteristics of records and essential requirements of good recordkeeping to produce in the first place and maintain reliable and authentic records. Of course, a record is more than recorded information created in the course of business activity: a record is the recorded representation of an act produced in a specific form – the form prescribed by the legal system – by a creator in the course of its activity. 相似文献
11.
Terry Eastwood 《Archival Science》2005,5(2-4):365-369
The author, a professor at the University of British Columbia, outlines the foundations of macroappraisal theory within the
Canadian federal government's records acquisition program, placing Terry Cook's 1992 essay “Mind Over Matte: Towards a New
Theory of Archival Appraisal” at the heart of his students' analysis of theoretical writings. In addition to reflecting on
the importance of case studies on the application of macroappraisal theory and methods, he concludes by touching on the applicability
of macroappraisal to elements outside the public sphere. 相似文献
12.
Candace Loewen 《Archival Science》2005,5(2-4):239-259
This article explains the re-engineering of the government records disposition program at Library and Archives Canada (LAC)
in 2002–2004. The main point is that the framework of accountability has grown since the launch of the macroappraisal program
(often referred to as the planned approach to disposition) at the (former) National Archives of Canada (NA) in 1990–1991.
The opportunity for building an expanded framework of accountability presented itself after 2000 when a number of “push” (internal
to the disposition program) and “pull” (external to the program) factors coalesced to challenge a reduced program. The reengineering
exercise involved LAC government records archivists working together to develop the following new program documentation: Government-Wide
Plan (GWP); Memorandum of Understanding (MOU); Appraisal Checklist; Terms and Conditions for the Transfer of Archival Records;
Briefing Note for the Librarian and Archivist of Canada; and the Multi-Institutional Disposition Authority (MIDA) for Operational
Case Files. Significant work also went into creating version three of the Records Disposition Authorities Control System (RDACS).
As a result of reengineering the appraisal and disposition program, there is an accountability framework now in place for
more than keep-destroy recommendations, one that has moved beyond disposition to include acquisition of and accessibility
to the archival record. 相似文献
13.
From explorers to evangelists: Archivists, recordkeeping, and remembering in the pacific islands 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Evelyn Wareham 《Archival Science》2002,2(3-4):187-207
With a central focus on thecultural contexts of Pacific island societies,this essay examines the entanglement ofcolonial power relations in local recordkeepingpractices. These cultural contexts include theon-going exchange between oral and literatecultures, the aftermath of colonialdisempowerment and reassertion of indigenousrights and identities, the difficulty ofmaintaining full archival systems in isolated,resource-poor micro-states, and the drivinginfluence of development theory. The essayopens with a discussion of concepts ofexploration and evangelism in cross-culturalanalysis as metaphors for archival endeavour. It then explores the cultural exchanges betweenoral memory and written records, orality, andliteracy, as means of keeping evidence andremembering. After discussing the relation ofrecords to processes of political and economicdisempowerment, and the reclaiming of rightsand identities, it returns to the patterns ofarchival development in the Pacific region toconsider how archives can better integrate intotheir cultural and political contexts, with theaim of becoming more valued parts of theircommunities. 相似文献
14.
Livia Iacovino 《Archival Science》2010,10(4):353-372
Archival systems have been based on the conventional understanding of the relationship between record subjects as third parties
and record creators as the principal parties to the record transaction, thus limiting the rights of those captured in and
by the record. An alternative approach is a participant relationship model which acknowledges all parties to a transaction
as immediate parties with negotiated rights and responsibilities. A number of legal and archival concepts support a participant
model of co-creatorship and associated responsibilities in relation to ownership, access and privacy. The application of the
participant model to Indigenous Australian record subjects, in particular to records about them held in archival institutions
or in creating organisations would enhance Indigenous rights in records. Indigenous claims to ownership over archival sources
of Indigenous knowledge can be characterised in the legal concept of a bundle of rights that recognises more than one interest
to control, disclose, access and use records. Human rights principles in international and national human rights instruments
also support the assertion of Indigenous rights in records. Archival and legal reform is required to fully implement the participant
model but a number of archival, ethical and legal strategies would accelerate its implementation. The re-conceptualisation
of the record subject as a record co-creator can also be applied to non-Indigenous contexts and therefore has significant
archival and legal implications. 相似文献
15.
The Archival Bond 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Luciana Duranti 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1997,11(3-4):213-218
This paper presents the concept of archival bond as formulated by archival science and used in a research project carried out at the University of British Columbia, entitled The Preservation of Electronic Records. Being one of the essential components of the record, the concept of archival bond is discussed in the context of the traditional diplomatic and archival definitions of records, and its function in demonstrating the reliability and authenticity of records is shown. The most serious challenge with which we are confronted is to make explicit and preserve intact over the long term the archival bond between electronic and non electronic records belonging in the same aggregations. 相似文献
16.
Ian E. Wilson 《Archival Science》2012,12(2):235-244
The phrase “peace, order and good government,” common to the definition of federal powers in both the Australian and the Canadian
constitutions, has defined the relationship of the Crown and the citizen for more than five centuries. The archival record
is fundamental to that relationship, providing its authoritative legal basis, documenting its evolution and continuing as
a reminder of both our proudest achievements and our most dismal failures as a society. This paper reflects on the role of
archives in recent Canadian human rights issues, highlighting both the strengths and the weaknesses of the record, the perception
of archives as an agency of the state and the role of archives in helping society address highly contentious issues. 相似文献
17.
《Journal Of Archival Organization》2013,11(1):5-18
Abstract Many archivists regard the archival imagination evidenced in the writings of David Bearman as avant-garde. Archivist Linda Henry has sharply criticized Bearman for being irreverent toward the archival theory and practice outlined by classical American archivist T. R. Schellenberg. Although Bearman is sometimes credited-and sometimes berated-for establishing “a new paradigm” centered on the archival management of electronic records, his methods and strategies are intended to encompass all forms of record keeping. The essay provides general observations on Bearman's archival imagination, lists some of its components, and addresses elements of Henry's critique. Although the longlasting impact of Bearman's imagination upon the archival profession might be questioned, it nonetheless deserves continued consideration by archivists and inclusion as a component of graduate archival education. 相似文献
18.
Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Eric Ketelaar 《Archival Science》2001,1(2):131-141
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian.
Sociologists and anthropologists see “the archive” also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories.
Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents,
archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the
meanings of archives.
Revision of a paper presented, on the invitation of the Master's Programme in Archival Studies, Department of History, University
of Manitoba, in the History Department Colloquium series of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 20 February, 2001. Some
of the arguments were used earlier in two papers I presented in the seminar “Archives, Documentation and the Institutions
of Social Memory”, organized by the Bentley Historical Library and the International Institute of the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, 14 February, 2001. 相似文献
19.
Eric Ketelaar 《Archival Science》1987,1(2):131-141
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian.
Sociologists and anthropologists see “the archive” also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories.
Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents,
archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the
meanings of archives.
Revision of a paper presented, on the invitation of the Master's Programme in Archival Studies, Department of History, University
of Manitoba, in the History Department Colloquium series of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 20 February, 2001. Some
of the arguments were used earlier in two papers I presented in the seminar “Archives, Documentation and the Institutions
of Social Memory”, organized by the Bentley Historical Library and the International Institute of the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, 14 February, 2001. 相似文献
20.
The archival sliver: Power, memory, and archives in South Africa 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Verne Harris 《Archival Science》2002,2(1-2):63-86
Far from being a simple reflection of reality, archives are constructed windows into personal and collective processes. They
at once express and are instruments of prevailing relations of power. Verne Harris makes these arguments through an account
of archives and archivists in the context of South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. The account is deliberately
shaped around three themes — race, power, and public records. While he concedes that the constructedness of memory and the
dimension of power are most obvious in the extreme circumstances of oppression and rapid transition to democracy, he argues
that these are realities informing archives in all circumstances. He makes an appeal to archivists to enchant their work by
engaging these realities and by turning always towards the call of and for justice.
This essay draws heavily on four articles published previously by me: “Towards a Culture of Transparency: Public Rights of
Access to Official Records in South Africa”,American Archivist 57.4 (1994); “Redefining Archives in South Africa: Public Archives and Society in Transition, 1990–1996”,Archivaria 42 (1996); “Transforming Discourse and Legislation: A Perspective on South Africa's New National Archives Act”,ACARM Newsletter 18 (1996); and “Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa”,Archivaria 44 (1997). I am grateful to Ethel Kriger (National Archives of South Africa) and Tim Nuttall (University of Natal) for offering
sometimes tough comment on an early draft of the essay. I remain, of course, fully responsible for the final text. I presented
a version of it in the “Refiguring the Archive” seminar series, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, October 1998.
That version was published in revised form in Carolyn Hamilton et al.,Refiguring the Archive (Cape Town: David Philip, 2002). 相似文献