An effective measure of childhood adversity that is valid with older adults     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Childhood adversity (CA) has life-long effects that we are just beginning to understand. The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) data is a rich resource that could contribute to the knowledge of the impact of CA in the later years but, while a number of CA items are included in MIDUS, a cumulative CA scale based on those items has not been created. Development of a CA scale would create numerous research opportunities within MIDUS and overcome some of the challenges of using a secondary dataset. The present study aimed to demonstrate that a cumulative measure of CA that is valid with older adults could be created using retrospective MIDUS Refresher study data (Ryff et al., 2016); analysis included data collected from 2011 to 2014 from 2542 adults ages 23–76 (1017 adults 55–76). The present study provided a rationale for which measures of CA to include in a cumulative scale. The distribution of eight types of CA and the cumulative CA scale were consistent with findings from past studies of CA. The factor structure of the cumulative CA scale was similar to the original ACE study and included two factors: household dynamics and child abuse/neglect. Consistent with past studies, the CA scale predicted a negative association with life satisfaction and a positive association with number of chronic conditions. This study demonstrated that an effective cumulative measure of CA could be created that would be of value to other studies using MIDUS data to explore outcomes with older adults.  相似文献   

A longitudinal investigation of protective factors for bereaved maltreated youth     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundMaltreated youth are at an elevated risk for the development of problem behaviors. Coping with the death of a family member or close friend during adolescence, referred to as bereavement, is a stressful event that could potentiate risk linked to maltreatment. However, developmental research suggests that youth adjustment is a product of multiple risk and protective factors. Although maltreated youth who experience loss may be particularly vulnerable to behavior problems, personal and contextual factors may attenuate or exacerbate youths’ risk for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.ObjectiveThe overarching goal of this study is to examine individual, family, and community-level protective factors for maltreated youth who experience bereavement. Specifically, we aim to examine the effect of age 12 bereavement on age 16 internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and to investigate the moderating role of multi-level protective factors at ages 14 and 16.MethodsThe study consisted of a sample of 800 youth (52.4% female, 45.1% African-American) drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), collected from 1998 to 2011.ResultsMaltreated youth who experienced significant loss were at increased risk for externalizing symptoms, compared to non-bereaved maltreated youth (β = 0.085, p < .05). Individual future orientation (β = 0.103, p < .05) family future orientation (β = −0.120, p < .05), parental monitoring (β = −0.123, p< .01), and neighborhood collective efficacy (β = −0.126, p < .01) each significantly moderated the association between bereavement and externalizing symptoms.ConclusionsThese results have implications for future interventions aimed towards reducing problem behaviors in adolescents with a history of child maltreatment and who experience bereavement.  相似文献   

企业人力资源无形损耗探讨     

付兵儿 《宁波职业技术学院学报》2005,9(1):12-14

人力资源无形损耗是企业不容回避的一个现实问题。企业由于诸多原因缺乏及时、有效的补给、维护、保养，使员工的智力素质逐渐退化，加剧了人力资源的无形损耗，影响了员工知识、技能及潜能的发挥。人力资源的维护是用人单位为预防人力资源的损耗，保障人力资源更好地发挥作用，实现用人单位和员工的双赢而事先采取的保障措施。人力资源的无形损耗需要给予补给、保养，才能得到正常的维护。  相似文献   

逆境中的生存智慧——解读元散曲的另一视角     

刘坎龙 《新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,28(1):109-112

文学是供人阅读、欣赏、感悟的，从文学阅读学的角度来说，当我们走进作品的情感世界，便会获得一种现实意义。元散曲作家仕途受阻，生存状态艰难，但其作品却体现着一种幽默旷达的情怀。他们在对历史的反思与对现实的观照中。感悟到人生价值并不在于功名富贵的占有，而是身心的自由与安宁，于是重新设计生存方式。他们更加关爱生命本身，在山水、田园、情爱中享受世俗生活的真趣，化解了不良情绪，体现出一种逆境中的生存智慧，给遭遇挫折的人们以启迪。  相似文献   

试论我国期货经纪人的法律地位     

张胜利 《天津电大学报》2001,5(2):35-38

我国期货经纪人法律地位问题不仅在理论上，而且在实践中存着争议。通过分析期货经纪人与期货经纪公司的法律关系、期货经纪人的权利和义务，明确期货经纪人的法律地位，它的明确有利于我国期货业的发展。  相似文献   

家族企业产权制度创新的路径     

庄培章 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2006,8(2):30-33

家族企业产权制度,尤其是所有权和经营权的关系,是企业理论研究的重要课题。在分析家族企业产权制变迁的一般规律的基础上,针对中国大陆家族企业产权结构的现状,提出家族企业产权制度创新的基本路径。  相似文献   

论现代企业制度建立的产权基础     

种若利 《安阳师范学院学报》2006,(4):51-52

现代企业理论认为企业是独立的产权人的契约集合,企业的效率主要取决于产权所有者与经营者之间对企业产权设置的契约安排。国有企业建立现代企业制度的关键在于进行符合现代企业理论的产权改革,围绕产权界定、产权配置、产权运营和产权保护的改革内容,建立有效的产权交易市场。  相似文献   

科技企业孵化器增值服务对知识创造过程影响的实证研究     

唐明凤  王艳  李翠文  董路 《软科学》2016,(6):6-10

选取四川天府新谷为研究对象,运用实证分析方法探讨科技企业孵化器内知识创造过程及其提供的增值服务对知识创造过程的影响。研究结果表明,与Nonaka的SECI模型相比,我国科技企业孵化器内部的知识创造过程多了一个知识创造的准备阶段,这与中国高语境文化背景有关;科技企业孵化器内提供的增值服务与知识创造呈显著正相关关系;管理支持类服务对知识创造过程影响最大。  相似文献   

变革型领导行为、战略柔性与企业绩效          下载免费PDF全文

李卫宁  占靖宇  吕源 《科研管理》2019,40(3):94-103

领导行为与企业绩效关系的研究一直倍受学术界关注。本研究将战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)作为中介变量,研究动态环境下变革型领导行为对企业绩效的影响并提出研究假设,通过对北京、上海、广东等地区208家上市企业高管的问卷调查及相对应的企业年报获取研究数据并进行数据检验,验证研究假设。研究结果发现,资源柔性和能力柔性在变革型领导行为与企业绩效的关系中具有完全中介作用;环境动态性显著调节变革型领导行为与资源柔性和能力柔性的关系,但对战略柔性与企业绩效的关系无调节作用。本研究的结果说明,动态环境下变革型领导在推动企业变革的过程,要重视战略柔性的作用,引导企业通过转型来适应动态环境,提升企业绩效。  相似文献   

基于网络的制药企业绩效研究     

杨维平 《科研管理》2007,28(Z1)

基于网络的资源已成企业构建竞争优势的重要组成部分。本文基于企业资源理论和网络理论,对中国沪、深两地上市的81家制药企业的研发网络与企业绩效关系进行了实证分析。研究表明,企业网络规模以及企业网络中的异质性资源均对企业绩效产生了正面影响。本研究结论还证实了习得能力是企业网络资源向企业绩效转化的中间机制。  相似文献