Academic promotion in Malaysian public universities: a critical look at issues and challenges     

Norzaini Azman  Ibrahim Che Omar  Aida Suraya Md Yunus  Ahmad Nurulazam Md Zain 《牛津教育评论》2016,42(1):71-88

The expansion and transformation of Malaysian universities have generated major changes in the nature of academic employment and the structure of academic promotion in higher education institutions. These changes have considerable implications, in particular for the policy and practice of academic promotion in the public universities. We argue that despite sharing one common grade and salary system, distinct and significant differences exist in the academic promotion systems of the public universities. Drawing on one recent study on the academic promotion process in Malaysian public universities to contextualise our discussion, this paper highlights the complexity in the promotion process in these institutions. It also discusses and articulates the attendant issues and challenging aspects of the academic promotion process. We argue that the interrelated issues and challenges, and certain academic practices and habits stemming from the pressure to gain a promotion are pervasive, and that they affect the academic value system and work culture. We conclude by asserting the importance of applying a consistent standard for promotion within a single salary system and that the academic promotion system in the public universities should ultimately affirm and communicate core academic values, and also aim at obtaining evidence of excellent accomplishments.  相似文献   

New insights on the utilization of ultrasonicated mustard seed cake: chemical composition and antagonistic potential for root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica     

Nadeem  Hera  Malan  Pieter  Khan  Amir  Asif  Mohd  Ahmad Siddiqui  Mansoor  Tuhafeni Angombe  Simon  Ahmad  Faheem 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(7):563-574

This study focused, for the first time, on the effect of ultrasonic features on the extraction efficiency of secondary metabolites in mustard seed cake(MSC). The nematostatic potential of sonicated seed cake was examined against the second-stage juveniles(J2 s) of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. The results show that a 35 ppm(parts per million) concentration of a sonicated extract(SE) sample of MSC caused 65% J2 s mortality at 18 h exposure period in vitro. It also significantly suppressed the root-knot index(RKI=0.94) in tomato roots. The lethal concentration values for SE were 51.76, 29.79, and 13.34 ppm,respectively, at 6, 12, and 18 h of the exposure period, and the lethal concentration values for the non-sonicated extract(NSE)sample were 116.95, 76.38, and 55.59 ppm, respectively, at similar exposure time. Sinapine and gluconapin were identified as the major compounds in ultrasonic-assisted MSC. Because of the high extraction efficiency of metabolites in the SE, all treatments of SE were shown to be antagonistic to J2 s. Thus, this study of ultrasonication activity-based profiling of MSC may help generate target-based compounds at a scale relevant to the control of disease caused by nematodes in economic crops.  相似文献   

Association of the 12669G>A Apolipoprotein B Gene Polymorphism with Apo-B Serum Level and Lipid Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Comparing with Individuals Without Coronary Artery Disease in Zanjan Population of Iran     

Fariborz Ahmadi  Yousef Mortazavi  Koorosh Fouladsaz  Saeede Mazloomzadeh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(3):315-320

Atherosclerosis is a pathologic disorder which has an important role in the occurrence of coronary heart disease. It is determined as a focal, inflammatory proliferative response to several types of endothelial damage. Apolipoprotein B which is a requirement in the sustenance of cholesterol homeostasis, and is the major protein component of low density lipoprotein, characterized by multitude polymorphic sites, one of which (12669G>A) is related to the levels of serum lipid profiles, coronary artery disease and/or myocardial infarction. One Common polymorphism which is more important in this process is 12669G>A that is appraised in this research. We recruited 80 patients from the Mousavi hospital, Zanjan, Iran, diagnosed with coronary artery disease by the clinician on the basis of clinical symptoms, echocardiogram result, and angiography. Seventy-seven healthy individuals without any evident symptoms of Coronary stenosis and any past history of the disease were taken as controls from the general population. We carried out PCR using specific primers. Then, we digested PCR product by RFLP. Lipid parameters by biochemical methods and Apolipoprotein B serum level by immunoturbidometry method were done. Genotype frequencies for 12669G>A polymorphism were determined: 55 % R+R+, 45 % R+R? in case group, and 55.8 R+R+, 44.2 % R+R? in controls. The R?R? genotype was not seen. There was no significant relationship between this polymorphism and the risk of Coronary stenosis (P = 0.6). In the present study, higher plasma levels of cholesterol and low density lipoproteins in the subjects with R+R? genotype were found while there was no association between this polymorphism and coronary stenosis with ≥50 % in the Zanjan population.  相似文献   

Malaysian university students' attitudes to academic dishonesty and business ethics     

Zauwiyah Ahmad  Maimun Simun  Junaini Mohammad 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2008,28(2):149-160

Academic dishonesty is believed to have predictive ability for subsequent behaviours in the workplace. This study adds to the literature by investigating Malaysian business students' attitudes to academic dishonesty and their attitudes to ethics issues in business. This study also explores the association between these two constructs. The form of academic dishonesty being investigated here is related to assignments, quizzes, and examinations. Employing data collected from 153 business students from different academic years, this exploratory study concludes that business students may have found that some level of dishonesty is acceptable in some academic settings as well as in business settings. The study's outcomes highlight the possibility of using students' attitudes to academic dishonesty to explain their attitudes to ethics in business contexts. The findings of this study, to a certain extent, indicate that years spent in business education might contribute to such unfavourable attitudes. This exploratory study also draws attention to several issues related to the teaching of ethics within business education.  相似文献   

Contemporary trends in traditional Chinese Islamic education     

Clyde Ahmad Winters 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1984,30(4):475-479

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Ramadan Fasting and the Propensity for Learning: Is There a Cause for Concern?     

Nur Adilah Masismadi  Marcus J.C. Lee  Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed  Michael Y.H. Chia 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2017,90(3):77-85

The literature indicates that glucose deprivation, dehydration, decreased sleep quality and quantity, and mood changes, independently and adversely can influence cognitive functions and therefore learning. The Ramadan fast is an annual religious act undertaken by Muslims where individuals refrain from consuming food and fluid during daylight hours, daily over 30 days. Alteration in eating times and sleep–wake cycles lead to a disruption in the body's daily circadian rhythm resulting in sleep perturbations and mood swings. Consequently, Ramadan fasting is linked to daytime lower glucose concentration, dehydration, decreased sleep quality and quantity, mood swings and elevated subjective feelings of fatigue and malaise. This review highlights how Ramadan fasting potentially poses learning difficulties as a result of the independent and/or combined effects of these factors.  相似文献   

Dialogue conferences and empowerment: transforming primary education in Tanzania through cooperation     

Athman Kyaruzi Ahmad  Sigrid Gjøtterud  Erling Krogh 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(2):300-316

In this article we present and discuss experiences developed through a dialogue conference which we organised as part of a three-year participatory action research project related to primary education and agricultural education in Tanzania. We explore how dialogue conference as a research method can fill a gap between traditional ways of mutual problem-solving in Tanzania and research. Talking and sharing ideas is important for problem-solving, but the research demonstrated the need for a concrete base for the dialogue. After direct exposition to the local school practice, participants became more responsible and responsive to their environment. The participants agreed upon an action plan and distributed the responsibilities to implement the plan between themselves. The results show that the method opened up for uniting cooperative learning and research among participants and enabled the democratisation of knowledge creation and sharing. We argue that taking cultural conditions and concretisation of local challenges into consideration is important for harnessing the potential of the method in community development-oriented research.  相似文献   

Extraction of DNA suitable for PCR applications from mature leaves of Mangifera indica L.     

Muhammad Abubakkar Azmat  Iqrar Ahmad Khan  Hafiza Masooma Naseer Cheema  Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana  Ahmad Sattar Khan  Asif Ali Khan 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(4):239-243

Good quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the pre-requisite for its downstream applications. The presence of high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and other secondary me- tabolites in mango leaves poses problem in getting good quality DNA fit for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications. The problem is exacerbated when DNA is extracted from mature mango leaves. A reliable and modified protocol based on the cetyl- trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method for DNA extraction from mature mango leaves is described here. High concentrations of inert salt were used to remove polysaccharides; Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and β-mercaptoethanol were employed to manage phenolic compounds. Extended chloroform-isoamyl alcohol treatment followed by RNase treatment yielded 950?1050 μg of good quality DNA, free of protein and RNA. The problems of DNA degradation,contamination, and low yield due to irreversible binding of phenolic compounds and coprecipitation of polysaccharides with DNA were avoided by this method. The DNA isolated by the modified method showed good PCR amplification using simple se- quence repeat (SSR) primers. This modified protocol can also be used to extract DNA from other woody plants having similar problems.  相似文献   

Investigating importance and key factors for information governance implementation in Nigerian Universities     

Muhammad  Jika Saidu  Miah  Shah J.  Isa  Azman Mat  Samsudin  Ahmad Zam Hariro 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(4):5551-5571

Education and Information Technologies - Information governance (IG) embraces underlying necessities to organize information using consistent method for meeting organizational needs. This demand...  相似文献   

The doctorate unbound: relationality in doctoral literacy research     

Karen Gravett  Marion Heron  Adeeba Ahmad 《Literacy》2023,57(3):305-314

What do literacy events look and feel like for doctoral students, and how do these events overlap intertextually, materially and relationally? The last three decades have seen a rapid diversification in doctoral education where new opportunities for study, combined with an increasingly competitive landscape, have disrupted what it means to undertake a doctorate, as well as reshaping the literacy practices that comprise doctoral experiences in new ways that have not been fully explored. To understand literacies in new ways, we put to work the construct of literacy-as-event, and engage ideas from assemblage theory, to theorise the relationality of literacy practices. Crucially, our study seeks to examine how literacies are emergent and entangled within a wider network of relations. This article draws on data from interviews involving critical incidents with 12 doctoral students, in order to unpack the literacy moments, beyond the thesis, that comprise students' experiences. Our data suggest that we can understand doctoral literacies, not as bounded occurrences, but as assemblages of practices. We contend that thinking with concepts of assemblage and of event offers new insights into the evolving experiences of doctoral students, as well as offering an enriched understanding of literacies and literacy research.  相似文献