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691.
Mikael Molet Holly C. Miller Jennifer R. Laude Chelsea Kirk Brandon Manning Thomas R. Zentall 《Learning & behavior》2012,40(4):439-447
Consistent with human gambling behavior but contrary to optimal foraging theory, pigeons show a strong preference for an alternative with low probability and high payoff (a gambling-like alternative) over an alternative with a greater net payoff (Zentall & Stagner, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 1203-1208, 2011). In the present research, we asked whether humans would show suboptimal choice on a task involving choices with probabilities similar to those for pigeons. In Experiment 1, when we selected participants on the basis of their self-reported gambling activities, we found a significantly greater choice of the alternative involving low probability and high payoff (gambling-like alternative) than for a group that reported an absence of gambling activity. In Experiment 2, we found that when the inhibiting abilities of typical humans were impaired by a self-regulatory depletion manipulation, they were more likely to choose the gambling-like alternative. Taken together, the results suggest that this task is suitable for the comparative study of suboptimal decision-making behavior and the mechanisms that underlie it. 相似文献
692.
Tennant MR Auten B Botero CE Butson LC Edwards ME Garcia-Milian R Lyon JA Norton HF 《Medical reference services quarterly》2012,31(3):280-301
This article describes how the reference department at a large academic health sciences library evolved to address the clinical and research information needs of the parent organization without losing its close connections to the classroom and curriculum. Closing the reference desk, moving to on-call and house call models, designing positions such as clinical research librarian and basic biomedical sciences librarian, finding alternative funding to grow the department, providing technology and training to facilitate librarians' work, and developing programming for and taking advice from library clients facilitated efforts to create a relevant presence and solidify the library's place in the university community. 相似文献
693.
694.
The objective of our article is to examine organizational dysfunction as a consequence of misfit between organizational controls and levels of workforce trust within nations. By examining three elements of trust, we suggest that trust varies among national workforces. This relationship provides a basis for a theoretical framework which posits that a negative relationship between trust and control can produce organizational dysfunctions when there is a misfit between organizational control and societal trust. We propose that financial accounting practices serve as an important indicator of inherent societal trust which should fit controls implemented at the managerial accounting level. The paper concludes with a discussion of contributions and implications for future research. 相似文献
695.
Lauren C. Shuffrey Santiago Morales Melanie H. Jacobson Michelle Bosquet Enlow Akhgar Ghassabian Amy E. Margolis Maristella Lucchini Kecia N. Carroll Rosa M. Crum Dana Dabelea Arielle Deutsch William P. Fifer Brandon Goldson Christine W. Hockett W. Alex Mason Lisette T. Jacobson Thomas G. O'Connor Nicolò Pini Yael Rayport Ayesha Sania Leonardo Trasande Rosalind J. Wright Seonjoo Lee Catherine Monk program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes 《Child development》2023,94(6):1595-1609
This study examined the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms with externalizing, internalizing, and autism spectrum problems on the Preschool Child Behavior Checklist in 2379 children aged 4.12 ± 0.60 (48% female; 47% White, 32% Black, 15% Mixed Race, 4% Asian, <2% American Indian/Alaskan Native, <2% Native Hawaiian; 23% Hispanic). Data were collected from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program from 2009-2021. GDM, prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were each associated with increased child externalizing and internalizing problems. GDM was associated with increased autism behaviors only among children exposed to perinatal maternal depressive symptoms above the median level. Stratified analyses revealed a relation between GDM and child outcomes in males only. 相似文献