Sissy Boy Mothering: Male Child Mother Figures in Middle-Grade Fantasy Literature     

Danielle Bienvenue Bray 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2015,46(2):160-174

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Ho Peng Yoke: An Autobiography     

Bray  Francesca 《Minerva》2007,45(3):337-340

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Pre-competition imagery,self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers     

Beauchamp MR  Bray SR  Albinson JG 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(9):697-705

In this study, we examined the relationships between self-efficacy, pre-competition imagery use and performance. A modified version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire was used to assess both the motivational and cognitive functions of imagery used by 51 varsity golfers during the hour before a Provincial University Golf Championship. In line with Martin and co-workers' model of imagery use in sport, we hypothesized that self-efficacy would be positively related to motivational general-mastery imagery use and motivational general-mastery imagery use would be predictive of golf performance. Also, consistent with theorizing by Bandura, we hypothesized that self-efficacy would predict golf performance, but that the relationship between self-efficacy and performance would be mediated by imagery use. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that pre-competition motivational general-mastery imagery accounted for significant variance in both self-efficacy (adjusted R2 = 0.26, P < 0.01) and performance (adjusted R2 = 0.31, P < 0.01). The results also indicated that self-efficacy was predictive of golf performance and that motivational general-mastery imagery use mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. The results are discussed in relation to athletes' pre-competition preparation and intervention.  相似文献   

From the Chair     

Jae Bray 《Pastoral Care in Education》2006,24(4):51-51

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On measuring distances by the telescope     

W.B. Bray  M. Institution 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1862,73(4):224-231

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The relationship between evaluative concerns and sport competition state anxiety among youth skiers     

Bray SR  Martin KA  Widmeyer WN 《Journal of sports sciences》2000,18(5):353-361

Thirty-four youth competitive skiers (mean age = 13.74 years) completed measures of social evaluative concern and competitive anxiety. Consistent with past research, regression analyses showed that cognitive anxiety was related to performance-specific evaluative concerns. However, contrary to current conceptualizations of sport competition anxiety, somatic anxiety was correlated with concerns about evaluation of other non-performance aspects of ski racing. Competitive skiers were most concerned about parents' and friends' evaluations of their performance, and other competitors' and friends' evaluations of their skiing in general. These findings are discussed in relation to the theory and management of sport competition state anxiety.  相似文献   

Self-control training leads to enhanced cardiovascular exercise performance     

Steven R. Bray  Jeffrey D. Graham  Paul D. Saville 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(5):534-543

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of two weeks of self-control strength training on maximum cardiovascular exercise performance. Forty-one participants completed a cognitive self-control depletion task (Stroop task) followed by a maximal graded cycling test and were randomized to training (maximal endurance contractions of spring handgrip trainers, twice daily) or no-treatment control groups. At follow-up (2 weeks), half of each group completed either a time-matched or trial-matched Stroop task followed by another maximal graded cycling test. Results showed a significant 2-way (training X time) interaction (P < 0.001), and a trend for the 3-way (training X time X cognitive task) interaction (P = 0.07). Decomposition of the interactions revealed that across sessions cycling performance increased in both training groups, did not change in the trial-matched cognitive task control group, and declined in the time-matched control group. We conclude that isometric handgrip training leads to self-control strength adaptations that enhance maximal cardiovascular exercise performance or tolerance of exercise at maximal levels of effort.  相似文献   

Secure chaotic communication based on extreme multistability     

AN Pisarchik  R Jaimes-Reátegui  C Rodríguez-Flores  JH García-López  G Huerta-Cuellar  FJ Martín-Pasquín 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2021,358(4):2561-2575

Extreme multistability is the coexistence of a large number of attractors which can be reached by varying initial conditions. In this paper we show how this fascinating phenomenon can be used for secure communication. The main advantage of the communication system based on extreme multistability over a conventional chaos-based communication system is its exceptionally high security. The proposed system consists of two identical six-order oscillators; one in the transmitter and another one in the receiver, each exhibiting the coexistence of a large number of chaotic attractors. The oscillators are synchronized using a private channel through one of the system variables, while the information is transmitted via a public channel through another variable. The information is encrypted by varying the initial condition of one of the state variables in the transmitter using a chaotic map, adhering message packages in a staggered form to the coexisting attractors within the same time series of another state variable, which leads to switching among the coexisting chaotic attractors. To ensure communication security, the duration of the packages is shorter than synchronization time, so that synchronization attacks are ineffective.  相似文献   

The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it     

Mark Bray 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2014,15(3):381-389

Recent decades have brought global expansion of private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education. Such tutoring consumes considerable resources and is usually viewed by participating households as an investment that will increase the recipients’ academic achievements. However, research on the effectiveness of tutoring has delivered inconclusive and even contradictory findings. Part of the reason lies in definitions and foci of research, since private supplementary tutoring may have many different formats, delivery mechanisms and intensities. As with other types of education, it is important also to investigate the qualities of the instructors and the motivations of the students. This creates a complex research arena, in which practical challenges arise from shortcomings in the instruments for securing data and limitations in methods for analyzing the data. This paper assesses the current state of the literature and makes recommendations for the future research agenda.  相似文献   

Decolonisation and Education: new paradigms for the remnants of empire     

Mark Bray 《Compare》1994,24(1):37-51

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