Response strategies after overtraining in the jumping stand     

Geoffrey Hall 《Learning & behavior》1973,1(2):157-160

Rats were trained to criterion (CT) and overtrained (OT) on a horizontal against vertical stripes discrimination in the jumping stand. A change in response strategy, from inspecting both stimuli to inspecting just the S?, was observed during overtraining. Replacing the S? with a novel stimulus disrupted performance in the OT Ss, but replacing the S+ did not. Performance in the CT Ss was disrupted, but not very severely, both when the S+ was replaced and when the S? was replaced. These results suggest that OT Ss in the jumping stand come to rely especially upon the S?. The overtraining effects found here are compared with those found in other types of apparatus.  相似文献   

NOTE: TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE SCHOOL AND COLLEGE ABILITY TEST     

G. Emerson Tully  Bruce W. Hall 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1965,2(1):129-129

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The role of habituation of the response to LiCl in the US-preexposure effect     

de Brugada I  González F  Gil M  Hall G 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(3):363-370

In two experiments, rats received preexposure consisting of six intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (LiCl). This treatment reduced the magnitude of the unconditioned response (UR; suppressed consumption of a novel flavor) evoked by an additional injection (Experiment 1) or by oral consumption (Experiment 2) of LiCl. In both experiments, preexposure also attenuated the acquisition of a conditioned aversion with an LiCl injection as the unconditioned stimulus (US) but had no effect on the aversion produced when the US was oral consumption of LiCl (Experiment 2). These results are consistent with the view that the reduced ability of the preexposed US to serve as a reinforcer depends on blocking by injection-related cues and is independent of habituation of the UR recorded in the present study. Possible interpretations of this dissociation are discussed.  相似文献   

Pupil guidance: An integral part of teacher education and development in Scotland?     

Valerie Wilson  Stuart Hall  John Hall 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2007

Many schools throughout the UK are experiencing challenging behaviour from pupils and high levels of absence and exclusion as they seek to implement initiatives aimed at raising pupil attainment [National Audit Office (2005). Improving school attendance, London: The Stationery Office]. These initiatives often presuppose that pupils will receive adequate levels of guidance and support to help them make curricular, personal, social, and health decisions. However, little is heard from teachers and students undertaking initial teacher education courses on how they have been prepared for this extended role of supporting increasing diverse student populations; nor do we know how they define guidance/pupil support and integrate this with their concept of the professional role of a teacher. This article presents evidence from a one-year study of pupil support in Scotland commissioned by the Scottish Executive Education Department. The study provided evidence for The National Review of Guidance Provision in Scotland [Scottish Executive (2003). The national review of guidance. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive; Scottish Executive (2005). Happy, safe and achieving their potential. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive]. The study explored the views of all 32 local authorities in Scotland, a sample of students in training in two universities and teachers, headteachers and pupils in eight case study schools, and also a sample of their parents. This article focuses specifically on the findings relating to teachers and students in training. It identifies the ways in which they support pupils and how well they think they have been prepared for that task. Two dominant models of pupil support emerge from these data: an embedded and a specialist approach, and these vary according to school and education sector. Primary school teachers were more likely to embed pupil support into their concept of being teachers, whereas secondary teachers perceived it to be a separate, specialist function, which many were reluctant to undertake. Some implications for teacher education are highlighted.  相似文献   

The Bleaching Syndrome: The Role of Educational Intervention     

Ronald E. Hall 《理论付诸实践》2016,55(1):62-68

Per the Bleaching Syndrome, people of color, including African, Asian, and Latino Americans, are both victims and perpetrators of color discrimination. The Bleaching Syndrome encompasses perceptual, psychological, and behavioral sectors that affect students' schooling experiences. Education professionals, including teachers, administrators, and counselors, must address these factors to promote mental and emotional health among learners. In this article, I discuss how the Bleaching Syndrome and color bias affects dark-complexioned African American children in contemporary US schools.  相似文献   

Students’ use of electronic support tools in mathematics     

Lindy Crawford  Kristina N. Higgins  Jacqueline N. Huscroft-D’Angelo  Lindsay Hall 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2016,64(6):1163-1182

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Challenging traditional representations of texts and learning     

Kathy Hall 《Literacy》2008,42(3):121-122

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Stephen Colbert's Civics Lesson: How Colbert Super PAC Taught Viewers About Campaign Finance     

Bruce W. Hardy  Jeffrey A. Gottfried  Kenneth M. Winneg  Kathleen Hall Jamieson 《Mass Communication and Society》2014,17(3):329-353

This study tests whether exposure to The Colbert Report influenced knowledge of super PACs and 501(c)(4) groups, and ascertains how having such knowledge influenced viewers' perceptions about the role of money in politics. Our analysis of a national random sample of adults interviewed after the 2012 presidential election found that viewing The Colbert Report both increased peoples' perception of how knowledgeable they were about super PACs and 501(c)(4) groups and increased actual knowledge of campaign finance regulation regarding these independent expenditure groups. Findings suggest that the political satirist was more successful in informing his viewers about super PACs and 501(c)(4) groups than were other types of news media. Viewing The Colbert Report also indirectly influenced how useful his audience perceived money to be in politics.  相似文献   

Evidence‐Based Teaching in Higher Education: Application to Counselor Education          下载免费PDF全文

Krista M. Malott  K. Hridaya Hall  Angela Sheely‐Moore  Megan M. Krell  LeeAnn Cardaciotto 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2014,53(4):294-305

The authors examined best practices in university‐level teaching, as premised on the evidence‐based teaching (EBT) literature found in fields external to counselor education. Findings were reported in relation to 3 areas: developing an effective learning environment, structuring intentional learning experiences, and assessing teaching effectiveness. Implications regarding the training of doctoral‐level counselor educators using EBT practices are discussed.  相似文献   

International Immersion in Belize: Fostering Counseling Students’ Cultural Self-Awareness     

Shirlene Smith-Augustine  Angel Dowden  Angel Wiggins  LaCheata Hall 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2014,36(4):468-484

International cultural immersion provides an in vivo, authentic, cross-cultural experience that can enhance multicultural awareness, knowledge and skills. This article examines the impact of an international immersion on graduate counseling students’ cultural self-awareness using a qualitative approach. Five graduate counseling students participated in a 3-week study abroad in Belize where they interacted with persons from diverse cultural backgrounds and settings. Four major cultural self-awareness themes emerged from the analysis of participants’ journals, (a) discrimination and prejudice, (b) cultural pride and appreciation, (c) cultural sensitivity, and (d) self-awareness. The findings are presented along with implications for future research and the use of international immersion as a viable experiential teaching strategy to enhance counseling students’ cultural self-awareness.  相似文献