Anticipatory contrast as a function of access time and spatial location     

Charles F. Flaherty  Patricia S. Grigson  Cynthia Coppotelli  Colin Mitchell 《Learning & behavior》1996,24(1):68-81

Intake of a 0.15% saccharin solution was suppressed when it was followed by a 32% sucrose solution in brief daily pairings. With equal access durations to the two solutions, intervals of intermediate duration (2 or 3 min) produced a larger contrast than more extreme intervals (1 or 10 min). There was no evidence of inhibition of delay with the 10-min interval (Experiments 1A and 1B). When access times were asymmetrical, longer access time to the first solution reduced contrast, whereas longer access time to the second solution enhanced contrast (Experiment 2). Contrast was greater when the two solutions were presented at consistent and separate spatial locations than when location was changed randomly or when both solutions were presented in sequence at the same location. However, a degree of contrast occurred in all conditions (Experiment 3). Experiment 4, conducted with the solutions in opposite arms of a T-maze, showed that anticipatory approach to the location correlated with the 32% sucrose solution developed prior to lick suppression on the saccharin solution. However, within daily sessions, there was a reliable increase in contrast without correlated changes in anticipatory-approach behavior. Access-time effects were attributed to altered reward values, whereas spatial-separation effects suggest that goal-directed responses contribute to, but do not cause, anticipatory contrast.  相似文献   

The effects of Florida's university admission policies on black and white entering freshmen, 1975–76     

Edgar F. Bridges  Walter C. Farrell Jr. 《Research in higher education》1982,16(3):225-244

This study examined differential enrollment, survival, progress, and academic success of both black and white first-time-in-college students according to three admission categories (unrestrictive, restrictive, and special) in predominantly white universities in the Florida State University System. Data were extracted from the Board of Regents' student data course files and analyzed. White students were enrolled almost exclusively in the traditional (unrestrictive) category, while black students were almost equally enrolled in all three categories. Although the overall survival rate of white students was higher than that of black students, within each admission category, the survival rate of black students was higher than that of white students.This paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston, April 1980.  相似文献   

Some peculiarities of the male frog test for early pregnancy     

MILLER DF  WILTBERGER PB 《The Ohio journal of science》1948,48(3):89-94

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Interview Behavior and Counselor Personality Variables     

Leland F. Asa 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1967,6(4):324-330

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Science Teachers’ Use of a Concept Map Marking Guide as a Formative Assessment Tool for the Concept of Energy     

Mihye Won  Heiko Krabbe  Siv Ling Ley  David F. Treagust  Hans E. Fischer 《Educational Assessment》2017,22(2):95-110

In this study, we investigated the value of a concept map marking guide as an alternative formative assessment tool for science teachers to adopt for the topic of energy. Eight high school science teachers marked students’ concept maps using an itemized holistic marking guide. Their marking was compared with the researchers’ marking and the scores of a multiple-choice diagnostic test. Statistical analysis revealed that teachers evaluated students’ concept maps consistently, but the concept map scores were only mildly correlated with the multiple-choice test scores. We explored what each assessment method revealed in terms of students’ understanding with one student’s performance as a showcase. Teachers’ views on using the marking guide of concept maps as an assessment tool were also included. We discuss the value of the concept map marking guide as a formative assessment tool for science teachers to create and modify in order to encourage students’ conceptual learning.  相似文献   

Transforming text for distance learning   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reginald F Melton 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1990,21(3):183-195

This article is intended to help those who wish to transform existing text into good teaching material for use in distance learning. It contains a number of checklists to help transformers in their work and a number of examples of transformed materials to illustrate some of the possibilities.
The extent to which existing materials might need to be changed in order to produce good teaching materials will depend on the quality of the materials provided. However, although major changes may be considered desirable, they may not always be acceptable to all those concerned with the development of the materials. The article discusses factors that need to be taken into account in determining both the desirability and feasibility of possible changes.  相似文献   

STANDARD DEVIATIONS: CHANGING PARAMETERS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION. MARIE D. NEALE     

Marie D. Neale Ph.D.  Dip. Psch.  M.A.  Dip. Ed.  F.B.Ps.S.  F  A  Ps  S 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1971,18(2):67-87

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Overwork and career-centered self-validation among the Japanese: Psychosocial issues and counselling implications     

F. Ishu Ishiyama  Akio Kitayama 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1994,17(3):167-182

Overwork and workaholism among Japanese corporate workers and related psychosocial issues are explored. Ishiyama's (1989) model of self-validation is used as a conceptual framework. The Japanese culture and the corporate structure are treated as the context in which social pressure for overwork and obsessive work-preoccupation are espoused. The authors examine the nature and consequences of overwork and career-centered self-validation, in terms of family, marital, and existential issues, as well as stress andkaroshi (death by overwork). Implications to counselling and social and systemic change are discussed.  相似文献   

The alienation response of children abused in out-of-home placement     

Betty E. Kunkel L.M.F.C. 《Child abuse & neglect》1983,7(4):479-484

THIS BRIEF COMMUNICATION addresses program abuse in out-of-home placement which deepens what we identify as the alienation response in the already alienated child. Alienation is defined as a state of feeling separate, apart, not being able to relate effectively with another, not belonging, and with impaired ability to connect the inside world of feelings with the outside environment. Program abuse is seen as any act or condition permitted in a program that further alienates a child. In evaluating a child's degree of alienation and developing creative methods to reach the most severely “child alone,” the use of the Alienation Chart in Figure 1, has been helpful to our staff.  相似文献   

Psychological Correlates of Help Seeking for Eating‐Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students     

Dinah F. Meyer 《Journal of College Counseling》2005,8(1):20-30

This study investigated the psychological correlates of treatment seeking for eating disorders in female college students. Results indicated that 56% of the 106 participants with eating‐disorder symptomatology did not believe their behaviors warranted therapy. Women with eating‐disorder symptoms who did not believe their behaviors warranted therapy exhibited higher levels of immature defenses and lower endorsement of sociocultural norms concerning attractiveness than did women who believed treatment was needed. These findings hold implications for the prevention and treatment of college women's disordered eating.  相似文献