The longest journeys in Super Rugby: 11 years of travel and performance indicators     

Michele Lo  Robert J. Aughey  William G. Hopkins  Nicholas Gill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):2045-2050

ABSTRACT

Regular air travel is common in sport. The aim of this study was to understand the extent to which travel has affected Super Rugby teams’ performance from 2006, the first season with available Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), to 2016. Data were analysed with mixed linear models for the effects of number of time-zones crossed (east or west), travel duration, the away-match disadvantage, difference in ranking, a set of amendments to the laws of Rugby Union in 2008, a change in competition format (introduction of a conference system) in 2011, and a secular trend. In 2006, the predicted combined effects of travelling 24 h across 12 time-zones and playing away were trivial or small and negative but generally unclear for most of the KPIs in both directions of travel. In 2016 more effects were clear, small and negative for westward travel, while most effects for eastward travel were clear, small to moderate and negative. Most KPIs showed small to moderate increases over the 11 years, while difference in ranking, the introduction of new rules and game format led to mostly small changes. Changes in the physical demands of the game, and inadequate recovery time for long-haul travel can explain these effects.  相似文献   

Out of your zone? 21 years of travel and performance in Super Rugby     

Michele Lo  Robert J. Aughey  William G. Hopkins  Nicholas Gill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):2051-2056

ABSTRACT

The extent to which travel has affected Super Rugby teams’ performances was analysed using outcomes of all matches played from the beginning of the competition in 1996 to the end of the 2016 season. Points difference and matches won or lost were predicted with general and generalized mixed linear models. The predictors were the linear effects of number of time zones crossed and travel duration based on the teams’ locations for each match and their locations in the previous week. The away-match disadvantage was also estimated, along with trends in all these effects. In 1996 the predicted combined effect of eastward travel across 12 time zones was a reduction of 5.8 points scored per match, resulting in 4.1 more matches lost every 10 matches. Corresponding effects for westward travel were 6.4 points and 3.1 matches. In 2016 effects travelling eastward were 3.7 points and 2.3 matches, whereas travelling westward the effects were 3.7 points and 1.5 matches. These travel effects were due mainly to the away-match disadvantage: 5.7 points and 3.2 matches in 1996; 5.2 points and 2.3 matches in 2016. Teams in Super Rugby are dealing successfully with long-haul travel and should now focus on reducing the away-match disadvantage.  相似文献   

An Examination of Personal/Situational Variables,Stress Appraisal,and Burnout in Collegiate Teacher-Coaches     

Betty C. Kelley Ph.D.  Diane L. Gill 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):94-102

Abstract

Following Smith's (1986) cognitive-affective model of stress and burnout in athletics, this investigation examined (a) the relationship of personal/situational variables (social support, gender, and years of experience) to stress appraisal and (b) the relationship of stress appraisal (perceived stress, coaching issues, and role conflict) to burnout. Male (n = 99) and female (n = 115) teacher-head basketball coaches from NCAA Division III and NAIA colleges completed established measures of burnout, perceived stress, teacher—coach role conflict, and social support and a measure of coaching issues developed for this study. Multivariate analyses supported the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, greater satisfaction with social support, less experience, and gender (females higher) were related to stress appraisal, and all stress appraisal variables were positively related to burnout. Contrary to previous studies, these teacher—coaches reported moderate to high levels of burnout.  相似文献   

The Relationship of Self-Efficacy and Perceived Well-Being to Physical Activity and Stair Climbing in Older Adults     

Diane L. Gill PhD  Betty C. Kelley  Kathleen Williams  Jeffrey J. Martin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):367-371

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Characteristics of outstanding student teachers     

Dawn Penney  Gill Clarke  Gary Kinchin 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):55-64

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Perceptions of homophobia and heterosexism in physical education     

Morrow RG  Gill DL 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(2):205-214

Educators have a responsibility to provide safe space, but gay and lesbian youth face particularly hostile environments. This initial study surveyed physical education teachers (n = 82) and young adults (n = 77) about their perceptions of homophobic and heterosexist behaviors within physical education and teachers' use of inclusive behaviors. Most teachers and both gay and straight students witnessed heterosexist and homophobic behavior, and most lesbian and gay students had personally experienced homophobic behavior. These data indicate that homophobic and heterosexist behaviors are common in secondary schools, that teachers intend to provide a safe space, and that techers fail to confront heterosexist or homophobic behaviors and take proactive steps to create an inclusive environment.  相似文献   

Individualism, Diversity and Unity: Goals in Tension in Public Education     

Emily R. Gill 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2005,39(3):549-558

This review essay examines three recent books addressing recurring or current controversies in public education. One is historically based, a second focuses on a range of questions, and the third concentrates on the single issue of school choice. All of them, however, may be read against a backdrop of tension among three enduring liberal democratic values: individualism, diversity and unity. Public education is surely aimed at individual success and at preparing future adults to make choices, ideally among a range of opportunities. The existence of a multicultural society and the development of identity politics, however, mean that members of groups often wish to preserve their particular identities despite a common education. Finally, public education has been based on inculcating values that ostensibly we all share in common. Each of these aims may conflict with one or both of the others. Therefore, setting the proper course requires an ongoing attempt to strike the proper balance among them. It is within this framework that I examine these books.  相似文献   

A Fair Comparison? The Evolution of Methods of Comparability in National Assessment     

Gill Elliott  Jackie Greatorex 《Educational studies》2002,28(3):253-264

Comparability is a term used in educational assessment to describe the relative outcomes of one assessment against another. It is investigated in order to inform the Awarding Bodies, centres, candidates and the general public about the extent to which standards are consistent between assessments. The purpose of this paper is to demystify some technical aspects of how national assessment standards are guarded, by making details of these methods of comparability accessible to practitioners, managers, policy makers and researchers. In doing so, the authors review the use and techniques of comparability, describe the methodology currently in use, and discuss its application towards ensuring justice within national assessment.  相似文献   

Questioning as regulatory work practice: The communicative accomplishment of reliability and safety in the oversight of nuclear power plants     

Joshua B. Barbour  Rebecca Gill 《Communication monographs》2017,84(4):466-487

The safety of high hazard systems depends on the organizations that monitor and regulate them, but theorizing of these organizations tends to gloss over the specific communicative practices that comprise organizing for reliability and safety. This article investigates nuclear power plant inspectors’ communicative work practices by studying how asking and answering questions organizes their work. The data include interviews (N?=?29) and shadowing of resident inspectors at six nuclear power plants and a regional office of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The analysis of communicative work practices central to inspection work (e.g., interrogating, coordinating interaction, and keeping track) contribute to normative theory of questioning in safety organizing with implications for the communicative study of questioning, work practice, and high hazard systems.  相似文献   

Having our work cut out! Reflections on the Australian association for research in education and the current state of Australian educational research     

Judith Gill 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2004,31(1):1-14

This paper provides an overview of themes from the history of the AARE and relates them to current debates around educational research, its methodologies, methods and means of dissemination.  相似文献