Effects of shocks,presented at a fixed time of day,on appetitive and general activity of rats     

Sumio Imada  Hiroyuki Kondo  Hiroshi Imada 《Learning & behavior》1985,13(2):194-200

Eating, drinking, locomotion, and rearing activities of rats, maintained under a 12:12-h dark:light cycle, were measured continuously over 24 h a day for 40 days in the KGbox-24. For 20 days, beginning on Day 11, the shocks were given through the grid floor of the box 1 h after the beginning of the dark phase (at 2100 h). The daily food and water intake decreased, and there was no further gain in body weight after the introduction of shocks. The 2100-h shocks had some associative effects: (1) Suppression of ingestion developed during the period of 2000–2100 h; (2) acceleration of general activity developed during the period of 2000–2012 h; (3) anticipatory suppression of eating developed toward the end of the light phase. The 2100-h shocks also had suppressive aftereffects upon eating and drinking, especially during the early stage of the 20-day shock phase. Compensatory drinking was observed during the light phase, but no such effect was found for eating. Some findings which are not usually obtained in short-session experiments remain to be explained. References to two timing systems are made.  相似文献   

Movements with greater trunk accelerations and their properties during badminton games     

Yasuharu Nagano  Shogo Sasaki  Ayako Higashihara  Hiroshi Ichikawa 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):342-352

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate the movements requiring greater trunk accelerations and its frequencies during badminton games, and compare the acceleration components among such movements. Trunk acceleration was measured using a triaxial accelerometer during badminton games. The moments that generated >4 G resultant acceleration were extracted, and movements consistent with the extracted moments were identified. We calculated the extracted movement ratio and frequency and compared the resultant, mediolateral, vertical and anteroposterior accelerations between the top five extracted movements. There were 1,342 movements that generated >4 G [mean, 7.72 (95% confidence interval, 7.31–8.14) cases/min]. The top five movements were lunging during underhand strokes with the dominant hand side leg, landing after overhand strokes on the dominant and non-dominant hand side leg, and cutting from a split step using the dominant and non-dominant hand side leg. Landing on the dominant hand side leg had a greater resultant acceleration than the other movements and had the greatest impact during the badminton game. Lunging during underhand strokes on the dominant hand side leg had greater mediolateral acceleration than the other movements. These results reflected the properties of badminton.  相似文献   

Comparison of blood lactate levels between swimming in clothes and a swimsuit     

Ohkuwa T  Itoh H  Yamamoto T  Yamazaki Y  Sato Y 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2002,73(3):345-349

  相似文献   

Learning to Teach Science: The Curriculum of Student Teaching in Hiroshima "Attached" Schools     

Tippins  Deborah J.  Kemp  Andy  Ogura  Yasushi  Akiyama  Mikio  Ikeda  Hideo  Isozaki  Tetsuo  Ochiai  Hiroshi  Ohshika  Kiyoyuki  Takemura  Shigekazu  Bryan  Lynn  Keys  Carolyn  Padilla  Michael  Riley  Joseph P.  Thomson  Norman 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2000,11(3):189-206

Journal of Science Teacher Education -  相似文献   

Rapid microfluidic immunoassay for surveillance and diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients     

Li Zhang  Yongfeng Fu  Wenwen Jing  Qing Xu  Wang Zhao  Meng Feng  Hiroshi Tachibana  Guodong Sui  Xunjia Cheng 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(2)

Cryptosporidiosis has been reported to be associated with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which greatly reduces the quality of life and shortens the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. In order to properly treat the infected patients, accurate and automatic diagnostic tools need to be developed. In this study, a novel microfluidic immunochip system was presented for the surveillance and the rapid detection of Cryptosporidium infection in 190 HIV-infected patients from Guangxi, China, using the P23 antigen of Cryptosporidium. The procedure of detection can be completed within 10 min with 2 μl sample consumption. The system also was evaluated using the standard ELISA method. Among 190 HIV-infected individuals, the rate of P23 positivity was 13.7%. Seropositivity in HIV-infected individuals was higher in female patients. The seropositivity to P23 was higher in HIV-infected individuals with high viral load, although the difference was statistically insignificant. Significantly higher Cryptosporidium seropositivity was observed in HIV-infected individuals with a CD4⁺ T-cell count of <200 cells/μl than in those with ≥200 cells/μl. Our results also demonstrate that a lower CD4⁺ T-cell count may reflect an increased accumulated risk for cryptosporidiosis. The detection system was further validated using the standard ELISA method and good correlation between the two methods was found (r = 0.80). Under the same sensitivity, this new microfluidic chip device had a specificity of 98.2%. This developed system may provide a powerful platform for the fast screening of Cryptospordium infection in HIV-infected patients.  相似文献   

A method of extracting malicious expressions in bulletin board systems by using context analysis     

Hiroshi Hanafusa  Kazuhiro MoritaMasao Fuketa  Jun-ichi Aoe 《Information processing & management》2011

Bulletin board systems are well-known basic services on the Internet for information frequent exchange. The convenience of bulletin boards enables us to communicate with other persons and to read the communication contents at any time. However, malicious postings about crimes are serious problems for serving companies and users. The extracting scheme of the traditional methods depends on words or a sequence of words without considering contexts of articles and, therefore, it takes a lot of human efforts to alert malicious articles. In order to reduce the human efforts, this paper presents a new filtering algorithm that can recover the error rate of false positive for non-malicious articles by using context analysis. The presented scheme builds detecting knowledge by introducing multi-attribute rules. By the experimental results for 11,019 test data, it turns out that sensitivity and specificity of the presented method become 38.7 and 24.1 (%) points higher than traditional method, respectively.  相似文献   

Bile canaliculi formation by aligning rat primary hepatocytes in a microfluidic device     

Nakao Y  Kimura H  Sakai Y  Fujii T 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(2):22212

In this study, we propose a microfluidic cell culture device mimicking the microscopic structure in liver tissue called hepatic cords. The cell culture area of the device was designed to align hepatocytes in two lines in a similar way to hepatic cords. Thanks to the structural design together with a cell seeding procedure, rat primary hepatocytes were successfully aligned in two lines and cultured under perfusion condition. It is shown that aligned hepatocytes gradually self-organize and form bile canaliculi along the hepatic cord-like structure. The present technique to culture hepatocytes with functional bile canaliculi could be used as an alternative to animal testing in the field of drug discovery and toxicological studies, and also be beneficial to tissue engineering applications.  相似文献   

连接光异构化非天然氨基酸的RGD肽抑制细胞的附着   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张海黔  原宽明  顾宁  佐々木裕司  户昌彦 《东南大学学报》2001,17(2):22-26

利用固相肽合成方法 ,将带有光敏基团偶氮苯的非天然氨基酸———苯基偶氮苯基苯丙氨酸与RGD肽连接 ,得到具有光敏功能的RGD肽 .非天然氨基酸连接在C端的RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素有很强的结合能力 .RGD侧链上的光敏基团的光致异构化对RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素的结合有一定的影响  相似文献   

The effects of signal intensity upon conditioned suppression: Effects upon responding during signals and intersignal intervals     

Hiroshi Imada  Akihiko Yamazaki  Maki Morishita 《Learning & behavior》1981,9(2):269-274

Two rat experiments were run to study the effects of a wide range of signal (CS) intensities on the suppression of licking. In Experiment 1, a light CS was varied over five levels, including zero intensity. Conditioned suppression was found to vary directly with CS intensity, but basal lick rates were not different among groups. In Experiment 2, an attempt was made to disturb the basal rate of licking, while a tone CS was varied over four levels, including zero intensity. Here the suppression of the CS rates was found to be directly related and basal rates inversely related to CS intensity. The results as a whole were consistent with the Perkins-Logan hypothesis regarding the effects of CS intensity upon conditioning, but not with the Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning.  相似文献   

Food-anticipatory response to restricted food access based on the pigeon’s biological clock     

Hiroshi Abe  Sukeo Sugimoto 《Learning & behavior》1987,15(4):353-359

Pecking at the food key was recorded for 4 pigeons given restricted access to food. The access period was set at a fixed time in a light-dark cycle, continuous dark, or continuous light. The pecking activity occurred a few hours before onset of the access period in all three conditions. When the bird was again given free access to food after being released from restricted access, its pecking rhythm free-ran in the continuous dark. The initial phase of the rhythm coincided with the onset of the food-anticipatory pecking in the previous condition. These results suggest that the bird anticipated food access, based on its biological clock mechanism. When the access period was set in the dark phase of the light-dark cycle, anticipatory pecking did not occur, although pecking actually occurred during the access period. The pigeon’s activity is reduced during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle. Therefore, the bird’s activity level was probably too low to shape the anticipatory response, even if the access period was stored in memory in the biological clock.  相似文献