Selective spatial working memory impairment in a group of children with mathematics learning disabilities and poor problem-solving skills     

Passolunghi MC  Mammarella IC 《Journal of learning disabilities》2012,45(4):341-350

This study examines visual and spatial working memory skills in 35 third to fifth graders with both mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) and poor problem-solving skills and 35 of their peers with typical development (TD) on tasks involving both low and high attentional control. Results revealed that children with MLD, relative to TD children, failed spatial working memory tasks that had either low or high attentional demands but did not fail the visual tasks. In addition, children with MLD made more intrusion errors in the spatial working memory tasks requiring high attentional control than did their TD peers. Finally, as a post hoc analysis the sample of MLD was divided in two: children with severe MLD and children with low mathematical achievement. Results showed that only children with severe MLD failed in spatial working memory (WM) tasks if compared with children with low mathematical achievement and TD. The findings are discussed on the basis of their theoretical and clinical implications, in particular considering that children with MLD can benefit from spatial WM processes to solve arithmetic word problems, which involves the ability to both maintain and manipulate relevant information.  相似文献   

Refocusing Reference Services Outside the Library Building: One Library's Experience     

Irene M. Lubker  Margaret E. Henderson  Catharine S. Canevari  Barbara A. Wright 《Medical reference services quarterly》2013,32(3):218-228

In response to changing user needs, the library sought ways to meet new challenges and engage users outside of the building. Librarians were removed from the service desk in order to offer support at locations around campus. The service desk in the library was staffed primarily by paraprofessionals with librarians providing support as needed. Targeted staff training was offered, and different scheduling models were used over a period of time. Restructuring the service desk was a complicated endeavor but provided a number of benefits including expansion of services. Along the way, challenges were met and recognized as learning opportunities.  相似文献   

Cognitive Pathways: Analysis of students' written texts for science understanding     

Bruna Irene Grimberg  Brian Hand 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):503-521

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Evaluation of Students' Conceptual Understanding of Malaria     

Irene Poh‐Ai Cheong  David Treagust  Iorhemen J. Kyeleve  Peck‐Yoke Oh 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2497-2519

In this study, a two‐tier diagnostic test for understanding malaria was developed and administered to 314 Bruneian students in Year 12 and in a nursing diploma course. The validity, reliability, difficulty level, discriminant indices, and reading ability of the test were examined and found to be acceptable in terms of measuring students' understanding and identifying alternative conceptions with respect to malaria. Results showed that students' understanding of malaria was high for content, low for reasons, and limited and superficial for both content and reasons. The instrument revealed several common alternative conceptual understandings students' hold about malaria. The MalariaTT2 instrument developed could be used in classroom lessons for challenging alternative conceptions and enhancing conceptions of malaria.  相似文献   

Experiences of pioneers facilitating teacher networks for professional development     

Irene Hanraets  Joitske Hulsebosch 《Educational Media International》2013,50(2):85-99

This study presents an exploration into facilitation practices of teacher professional development networks. Stimulating networked learning amongst teachers is a powerful way of creating an informal practice‐based learning space driven by teacher needs. As such, it presents an additional channel (besides more formal traditional professional development initiatives) for teacher education and sustained professional development. This study describes a set of challenges facilitators of teacher networks encounter and presents ways to overcome them. Successful facilitation is the cornerstone for vital teacher networks in which they share knowledge and develop their practice.  相似文献   

Communicative spontaneity in autism: exploring supportive prompts in an educational context     

Irene Rämä  Elina Kontu  Raija Pirttimaa 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):184-199

The purpose of this article was to describe a Finnish research project concerning communicative spontaneity in pupils with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a behavioural syndrome which is neurobiological in origin and which involves atypical developmental dysfunctions in the brain. The essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interest, and activities. However, an important part of flexible interaction is functional communication between partners, and spontaneity is a critical aspect of functional communication. Communicative spontaneity can be assessed by examining the relationship between environmental antecedents or cues (prompts) and communicative acts. In this study spontaneity is viewed along a continuum, it is, all communicative acts are considered to have some degree of spontaneity and all communication is environmentally prompted or cued. In this research a model of supportive prompts for spontaneity was applied in practice. The model in question is Carter and Hotchkis’s four-level antecedent model. The study explored the supportive prompts ethnomethodologically. In the study described six video recordings (each about 30?min) from authentic classroom situations were categorised with the four-level antecedent model. These videos are unusual in Finnish context in that they involve only the teacher and her six pupils with ASD; no helpers are present in the classroom. This study indicated that the four-level antecedent model is a powerful means of analysing the dimensions of spontaneous communication, but the sensitivity of the model can be increased. The authors’ suggestion is that the modification of the model may be accomplished by adding new categories (such as non-acting or prompt-seeking behaviour) or editing current categories. The modified four-level antecedent model is more applicable to help teachers develop spontaneity in the communication of pupils with ASD.  相似文献   

Activity-related typologies and longitudinal change in physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study     

Kate Parker  Anna Timperio  Jo Salmon  Karen Villanueva  Helen Brown  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Veronica Cabanas-Snchez  Jos Castro-Piero  David Snchez-Oliva  Oscar L. Veiga 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(4):447

BackgroundChildren and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies (clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior. How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known. This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.MethodsIn this longitudinal study (3 annual time points) of children (n = 600, age = 9.2 ± 0.4 years (mean ± SD), 50.3% girls) and adolescents (n = 1037, age = 13.6 ± 1.7 years, 48.4% girls), participants were recruited in Spain in 2011–2012. Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen, educational, social and relaxing sedentary behaviors, active travel, muscle strengthening activity, and sport at baseline. Within each typology, linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time, as well as time by class interactions.ResultsThree typologies were identified among children (“social screenies”, 12.8%; “exercisers”, 61.5%; and “non-sporty active commuters”, 25.7%) and among adolescents (“active screenies”, 43.5%; “active academics”, 35.0%; and “non-sporty active commuters”, 21.5%) at baseline. Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents, with no significant differences between typologies. No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children. In adolescents, physical activity declined within all typologies, with “non-sporty active commuters” declining significantly more than “active screenies” over 3 years.ConclusionThese results support the need for intervention to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence. Adolescents characterized as “non-sporty active commuters” may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.  相似文献   

Enhancing Interdisciplinary Mathematics and Biology Education: A Microarray Data Analysis Course Bridging These Disciplines     

Yolande V. Tra  Irene M. Evans 《CBE life sciences education》2010,9(3):217-226

BIO2010 put forth the goal of improving the mathematical educational background of biology students. The analysis and interpretation of microarray high-dimensional data can be very challenging and is best done by a statistician and a biologist working and teaching in a collaborative manner. We set up such a collaboration and designed a course on microarray data analysis. We started using Genome Consortium for Active Teaching (GCAT) materials and Microarray Genome and Clustering Tool software and added R statistical software along with Bioconductor packages. In response to student feedback, one microarray data set was fully analyzed in class, starting from preprocessing to gene discovery to pathway analysis using the latter software. A class project was to conduct a similar analysis where students analyzed their own data or data from a published journal paper. This exercise showed the impact that filtering, preprocessing, and different normalization methods had on gene inclusion in the final data set. We conclude that this course achieved its goals to equip students with skills to analyze data from a microarray experiment. We offer our insight about collaborative teaching as well as how other faculty might design and implement a similar interdisciplinary course.  相似文献   

Associations of physical activity,sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health during pregnancy: The GESTAFIT project     

María Rodriguez-Ayllon  Pedro Acosta-Manzano  Irene Coll-Risco  Lidia Romero-Gallardo  Milkana Borges-Cosic  Fernando Estvez-Lpez  Virginia A. Aparicio 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):379

PurposeThis study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester (16 ± 2 gestational weeks) of pregnancy.MethodsFrom 229 women initially contacted, 124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study. Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017. The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+ Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time. A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness. Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being (i.e., negative affect, anxiety, and depression), and psychological well-being (i.e., emotional intelligence, resilience, and positive affect). Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, educational level, accelerometer wear time, miscarriages, and low back pain.ResultsModerate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression (β = –0.222, adjusted R² = 0.050, p = 0.041). Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect (β = –0.260, adjusted R² = 0.085, p = 0.017). Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation (β = 0.195, adjusted R²= 0.030, p = 0.047). The remaining associations were not significant (all p > 0.05).ConclusionAn active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women. Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise, the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women. If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research, physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.  相似文献   

Basque Schools in Navarre: The Early Stages, 1931–1936     

Irene López- Goñi 《History of education quarterly》2005,45(4):565-592

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