Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study     

David Sánchez-Oliva  Rebecca M. Leech  Alberto Grao-Cruces  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Carmen Padilla-Moledo  Oscar L. Veiga 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1062-1069

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.  相似文献   

Optimal sampling frequency in recording of resistance training exercises     

Paolo Bardella  Irene Carrasquilla García  Marco Pozzo  Julio Tous-Fajardo  Eduardo Saez de Villareal 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):102-114

The purpose of this study was to analyse the raw lifting speed collected during four different resistance training exercises to assess the optimal sampling frequency. Eight physically active participants performed sets of Squat Jumps, Countermovement Jumps, Squats and Bench Presses at a maximal lifting speed. A linear encoder was used to measure the instantaneous speed at a 200 Hz sampling rate. Subsequently, the power spectrum of the signal was computed by evaluating its Discrete Fourier Transform. The sampling frequency needed to reconstruct the signals with an error of less than 0.1% was f_99.9 = 11.615 ± 2.680 Hz for the exercise exhibiting the largest bandwidth, with the absolute highest individual value being 17.467 Hz. There was no difference between sets in any of the exercises. Using the closest integer sampling frequency value (25 Hz) yielded a reconstruction of the signal up to 99.975 ± 0.025% of its total in the worst case. In conclusion, a sampling rate of 25 Hz or above is more than adequate to record raw speed data and compute power during resistance training exercises, even under the most extreme circumstances during explosive exercises. Higher sampling frequencies provide no increase in the recording precision and may instead have adverse effects on the overall data quality.  相似文献   

Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition,glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats     

Irene Coll-Risco  Virginia A. Aparicio  Elena Nebot  Daniel Camiletti-Moirón  Rosario Martínez  Garyfallia Kapravelou 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(15):1452-1460

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.  相似文献   

Feelings and Failing in Professional Training: the assessor's dilemma     

Irene Ilott  Roger Murphy 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1997,22(3):307-316

Assessing individuals as failures in education and training is rarely something that is done lightly or without misgivings. Related to this, the challenges of setting clear threshold or passing standards, are considerable. Assessors’ affective responses during fail scenarios in professional training were explored during focused interviews with 30 academic and practice staff. The pattern of feelings reported at each stage of the decision‐making process, factors which influence judgements and the reactions of others are described. The strength and spread of feelings stand out as an important sources of evidence. Understanding more about these affective responses may assist assessors as they make critical judgements at the margins of professional competence.  相似文献   

‘Approaches to the Teaching of Special Relativity Theory in High School and University Textbooks of Argentina’     

Irene Arriassecq  Ileana María Greca 《Science & Education》2007,16(1):65-86

In this work, we presented an analysis of the representation of the special relativity theory (SRT) in the most used texts in high school, Polimodal level and university level in the teaching in the Argentine Republic, from a historic, epistemological and didactic perspective. The results show that none of the analyzed texts would allow a contextualized approach on such theory.  相似文献   

READING AS REASONING: THORNDIKE REVISITED     

Irene Athey 《Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies》2013,35(2):275-285

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Core‐explore‐more: A structure for planning enrichment activities     

Irene Hannigan 《Roeper Review》2013,35(3):142-144

A framework for planning enrichment activities within a self‐contained classroom is described through the structure of Core‐Explore‐More. At the Core level, activities systematically introduce students to concepts, generalizations and basic skills related to an important curriculum theme. Explore activities allow follow‐up experiences for those students who have been excited and motivated by what they have done at the core level. More activities require greater commitment and individual student initiative because of their specialization.  相似文献   

The Dutch motor skills assessment as tool for talent development in table tennis: a reproducibility and validity study     

Irene R. Faber  Maria W. G. Nijhuis-Van Der Sanden  Marije T. Elferink-Gemser  Frits G. J. Oosterveld 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1149-1158

A motor skills assessment could be helpful in talent development by estimating essential perceptuo-motor skills of young players, which are considered requisite to develop excellent technical and tactical qualities. The Netherlands Table Tennis Association uses a motor skills assessment in their talent development programme consisting of eight items measuring perceptuo-motor skills specific to table tennis under varying conditions. This study aimed to investigate this assessment regarding its reproducibility, internal consistency, underlying dimensions and concurrent validity in 113 young table tennis players (6–10 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients of six test items met the criteria of 0.7 with coefficients of variation between 3% and 8%. Cronbach’s alpha valued 0.853 for internal consistency. The principal components analysis distinguished two conceptually meaningful factors: “ball control” and “gross motor function.” Concurrent validity analyses demonstrated moderate associations between the motor skills assessment’s results and national ranking; boys r = ?0.53 (P < 0.001) and girls r = ?0.45 (P = 0.015). In conclusion, this evaluation demonstrated six test items with acceptable reproducibility, good internal consistency and good prospects for validity. Two test items need revision to upgrade reproducibility. Since the motor skills assessment seems to be a reproducible, objective part of a talent development programme, more longitudinal studies are required to investigate its predictive validity.  相似文献   

Discrimination of Biomechanically Possible and Impossible Hand Movements at Birth          下载免费PDF全文

Elena Longhi  Irene Senna  Nadia Bolognini  Hermann Bulf  Paolo Tagliabue  Viola Macchi Cassia  Chiara Turati 《Child development》2015,86(2):632-641

The development of human body perception has long been investigated, but little is known about its early origins. This study focused on how a body part highly relevant to the human species, namely the hand, is perceived a few days after birth. Using a preferential‐looking paradigm, 24‐ to 48‐hr‐old newborns watched biomechanically possible and impossible dynamic hand gestures (Experiment 1, N = 15) and static hand postures (Experiment 2, N = 15). In Experiment 1, newborns looked longer at the impossible, compared to the possible, hand movement, whereas in Experiment 2 no visual preference emerged. These findings suggest that early in life the representation of the human body may be shaped by sensory‐motor experience.  相似文献   

Do labels matter? Analysis of teachers' self-efficacy towards the autism spectrum disorder depending on the diagnostic label used (ASD or Asperger's)     

Irene Gómez-Marí  Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela  Irene Lacruz-Pérez  Raúl Tárraga-Mínguez 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2023,23(2):126-135

Changes in the classification of autism and Asperger's syndrome led to changes in social perception of ASD. Since last criteria, studies indicate higher levels of stigma towards ASD than towards Asperger's. These prejudices are barriers to inclusive education. Thus, it is relevant (1) to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-efficacy towards the label of ASD; (2) to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-efficacy towards the label of Asperger's and (3) to compare those results to analyse whether the use of different diagnostic labels brings about different levels of self-efficacy. One hundred and eighty-six primary education pre-service teachers participated in the current study. Two adaptations of the Autism Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers (ASSET) were used: a version with the label of ‘ASD’ (n = 96) and another for ‘Asperger's’ (n = 90). The scores obtained by the group asked about ASD were high according to the ASSET score range, while the scores obtained by the group asked about Asperger's were medium. After comparing the results, participants asked about the label ASD showed higher levels of self-efficacy than participants asked about Asperger's. These results could be a consequence of the consolidation of the ASD diagnosis among society and the higher presence of children with ASD in schools and cultural products, among other factors.  相似文献