The effect of extremely high glucose concentrations on 21 routine chemistry and thyroid Abbott assays: interference study     

Serap ?uhadar  Mehmet K?seo?lu  Yasemin ?inpolat  Güler Bu?dayc?  Murat Usta  Tuna Semerci 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2016,26(1):53-60

Introduction

Extremely high glucose concentrations have been shown to interfere with creatinine assays especially with Jaffe method in peritoneal dialysate. Because diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease in the world, laboratories study with varying glucose concentrations. We investigated whether different levels of glucose spiked in serum interfere with 21 routine chemistry and thyroid assays at glucose concentrations between 17-51 mmol/L.

Materials and methods

Baseline (group I) serum pool with glucose concentration of 5.55 (5.44-5.61) mmol/L was prepared from patient sera. Spiking with 20% dextrose solution, sample groups were obtained with glucose concentrations: 17.09, 34.52, and 50.95 mmol/L (group II, III, IV, respectively). Total of 21 biochemistry analytes and thyroid tests were studied on Abbott c8000 and i2000sr with commercial reagents. Bias from baseline value was checked statistically and clinically.

Results

Creatinine increased significantly by 8.74%, 31.66%, 55.31% at groups II, III, IV, respectively with P values of < 0.001. At the median glucose concentration of 50.95 mmol/L, calcium, albumin, chloride and FT4 biased significantly clinically (-0.85%, 1.63%, 0.65%, 7.4% with P values 0.138, 0.214, 0.004, < 0.001, respectively). Remaining assays were free of interference.

Conclusion

Among the numerous biochemical parameters studied, only a few parameters are affected by dramatically increased glucose concentration. The creatinine measurements obtained in human sera with the Jaffe alkaline method at high glucose concentrations should be interpreted with caution. Other tests that were affected with extremely high glucose concentrations were calcium, albumin, chloride and FT4, hence results should be taken into consideration in patients with poor diabetic control.Key words: assay interference, glucose interference, preanalytical phase, creatinine, Jaffe kinetic assay, thyroid function tests  相似文献   

Editorial zum Themenheft: ,,Datenbanksysteme‘‘     

Theo H?rder 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2007,11(2):125-126

  相似文献   

Critical factors influencing secondary school pupil’s decisions to study computing in tertiary education: Gender differences     

Evrikleia?Tsagala  Maria?KordakiEmail author 《Education and Information Technologies》2007,12(4):281-295

This paper aims to determine the factors affecting the decisions of both male and female secondary school pupils whether or not to pursue undergraduate studies in Computing. It is based on research conducted in Greece, on a sample of 248 pupils, 135 of whom were female. All were aged 17 and about to decide on their future undergraduate studies. Questionnaires were used, addressing issues in the following four main categories: a) the reasons pupils chose/rejected Computing, b) how family and friends, the media and the school environment contribute to their decision, c) how pupils perceived their future after studying Computing and d) how pupils perceived the profile of a computer professional in terms of gender.

Maria KordakiEmail:

  相似文献   

大学和学院组织模型:历史演化的视角   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

马文·彼得森 《北京大学教育评论》2007,5(1):109-137

在过去五六十年里,高等教育研究者提出了多种高等教育组织模型,用它们来理解和解释美国大学和学院的组织行为。本文通过建立一个概念框架,试图解释它们的建立和发展过程。在概念框架中,“变化着的环境条件”是第一驱动力,它形成了“学校管理挑战”,影响和改变了“我们對对主要行业的概念”,从而通过它们间接地影响着大学和学院的运行机制。研究者提出的各种大学和学院组织模型就是从不同的侧面反映环境对组织的影响。  相似文献   

Eminent classroom teachers join the dialogue on teacher education programs     

Shelley Peterson  Roberta McKay 《The Teacher Educator》2013,48(2):133-144

Abstract

This article examines the views on effective teacher education programs held by 10 teachers who were identified by senior administrators within their school districts as exemplary teachers. The findings reveal many consistencies between the beliefs inherent within five models of teacher learning that predominate in literature on teacher education programs and those held by practicing teachers. The one major difference is that teachers in this study emphasize the transmission of a widely accepted body of pedagogical knowledge and skills to a greater degree than do researchers. This set of common belief provides a strong foundation for building collaborative relationships through which both cultures might work together to develop a shared vision. Transformation of teaching and teacher education practice requires a willingness to consider values and perspectives that might differ from those accepted within either culture and an openness to change on the part of both cultures.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Jér?me Rossier 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2012,12(3):167-170

  相似文献   

Three Decades of Non‐reform     

A. D. C. Peterson 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2):127-137

Abstract

Since the publication of the Crowther Report in 1959 there have been seven major proposals for reducing the degree of specialisation in England and Wales and postponing its onset. This article examines the history and nature of these proposals and the reasons for their failure. Its main contentions are that the historical opposition to any central or local control of the school curriculum has made it very difficult to determine what actually was happening in the schools or what external forces controlled the pattern of studies: and that in the absence of any authority controlling the pattern of the curriculum, it was almost impossible that any proposals for change would be implemented.  相似文献   

A Blueprint for Navajo Education     

Peterson Zah 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1-6):227-228

  相似文献   

Integrierte Entwicklung von Automotive-Software mit AutoFocus     

Andreas Bauer  Jan Romberg  Bernhard Sch?tz 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,49(3):194-205

Zur Beherrschung der komplexen vernetzten und verteilten Funktionen von Automotive-Software ist eine Beschreibung des zu erstellenden Systems auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen und schrittweise überg?nge zwischen diesen Ebenen notwendig. Neben der Definition geeigneter Ebenen werden zur Unterstützung echtzeitkritischer Systemanteile ein einheitliches Berechnungsmodell, ebenenspezifische Beschreibungstechniken, sowie methodische Regeln für diese Abstraktionsebenen eingeführt und in den Werkzeugprototypen AutoFocus integriert.  相似文献   

Dimensions of variability in embedded operating systems     

Wolfgang Schr?der-Preikschat  Daniel Lohmann  Fabian Scheler  Olaf Spinczyk 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2007,22(1):5-22

Design, implementation, and re-engineering of operating systems are still an ambitious undertaking. Despite, or even because, of the long history of theory and practice in this field, adapting existing systems to environments of different conditions and requirements as originally specified or assumed, in terms of functional and/or non-functional respects, is anything but simple. Especially this is true for the embedded systems domain which, on the one hand, calls for highly specialized and application-aware system abstractions and, on the other hand, cares a great deal for easily reusable implementations of these abstractions. The latter aspect becomes more and more important as embedded systems technology is faced with an innovation cycle decreasing in length. Software for embedded systems needs to be designed for variability, and this is in particular true for the operating systems of this domain. The paper discusses dimensions of variability that need to be considered in the development of embedded operating systems and presents approaches that aid construction and maintenance of evolutionary operating systems. CR subject classification  C.3; D.2.11; D.2.13; D.4.7  相似文献