Children's Judgments and Reasoning About Same‐Sex Romantic Relationships          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah Spence  Charles C. Helwig  Nicole Cosentino 《Child development》2018,89(3):988-1003

Children's (5‐, 7‐ to 8‐, and 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds), and adolescents’ (13‐ to 14‐year‐olds) judgments and reasoning about same‐sex romantic relationships were examined (N = 128). Participants’ beliefs about the acceptability and legal regulation of these relationships were assessed, along with their judgments and beliefs about excluding someone because of his or her sexual orientation and the origins of same‐sex attraction. Older participants evaluated same‐sex romantic relationships more positively and used more references to personal choice and justice/discrimination reasoning to support their judgments. Younger participants were less critical of a law prohibiting same‐sex relationships and were more likely to believe it was not acceptable to violate this law. Beliefs about origins of same‐sex attraction showed age‐specific patterns in their associations with evaluations.  相似文献   

Cognitive complexity,the first year of teaching,and mentoring     

Robert V. Bullough Jr.  Janet R. Young  Kendra M. Hall  Roni Jo Draper  Leigh K. Smith 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008

Drawing on data from a US study of nine mentors and mentees, including mentee scores on the Reasoning about Current Issues (RCI) Test, which offers a measure of cognitive complexity, the authors explore how differences in cognitive complexity were related to role expectations, conceptions of teaching problems, and the use of evidence for justifying beliefs. Growing out of the Reflective Judgment Model developed by King and Kitchner [(2002). The reflective judgment model: Twenty years of research on epistemic cognition. In B. Hofer, & P. Pintrich (Eds.), Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing (pp. 37–61). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates] the RCI defines cognitive complexity in terms of how individuals reason—make judgments and use evidence—about ill-structured, controversial, problems. The authors argue that differences in how individuals reason when problem solving may help explain some aspects of how relationships between mentees and mentors form and suggest that greater attention needs to be given to cognitive complexity when designing induction and mentor programs.  相似文献   

Cross-language transfer of phonological and orthographic processing skills from Spanish L1 to English L2     

M. Kendra Sun-Alperin  Min Wang 《Reading and writing》2011,24(5):591-614

Previous cross-language research has focused on L1 phonological processing and its relation to L2 reading. Less extensive is the research on the effect that L1 orthographic processing skill has on L2 reading and spelling. This study was designed to investigate how reading and spelling acquisition in English (L2) is influenced by phonological and orthographic processing skills in Spanish (L1) in 89 Spanish-English bilingual children in grades 2 and 3. Comparable measures in English and Spanish tapping phonological and orthographic processing were administered to the bilingual children. We found that cross-language phonological and orthographic transfer occurs from Spanish to English. Specifically, the Spanish phoneme deletion task contributed a significant amount of unique variance to English word reading and spelling, for both real words and pseudowords. The Spanish homophone choice task predicted English reading, but not spelling. Taken together, these results suggest that there are shared phonological and orthographic processes in bilingual reading; however, orthographic patterns may be language specific, thereby not likely to transfer to spelling performance.  相似文献   

Information,knowledge and wisdom: groundwork for the normative evaluation of digital information and its relation to the good life     

Edward H. Spence 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):261-275

This paper provides a general philosophical groundwork for the theoretical and applied normative evaluation of information generally and digital information specifically in relation to the good life. The overall aim of the paper is to address the question of how Information Ethics and computer ethics more generally can be expanded to include more centrally the issue of how and to what extent information relates and contributes to the quality of life or the good life, for individuals and for society. To answer that question, the paper explores and provides by way of a theoretical groundwork for further research, the concept of wisdom understood as a type of meta-knowledge as well as a type of meta-virtue, which can enable one to both know in principle what a good life is and how to successfully apply that knowledge in living such a life in practice. This answer will be based on the main argument presented in this paper that the notion of wisdom understood as being at once a meta-epistemological, meta-axiological and meta-eudemonic concept, provides the essential conceptual link between information on the one hand and the good life on the other. If, as we are told, this is the Age of Information, both the theoretical examination and analysis of the question of how information relates to the good life and the provision of an adequate answer to that question are essential for developing a deeper understanding of how to evaluate the theoretical and practical implications and ramifications of information for the good life, for individuals and societies generally.  相似文献   

THE CHILD AND THE READING HABIT     

David Spence Hill PhD. 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(5):461-472

  相似文献   

Welcoming Our Robot Overlords: Initial Expectations About Interaction With a Robot     

Patric R. Spence  David Westerman  Chad Edwards  Autumn Edwards 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(3):272-280

This study examined the relationships between faculty workplace bullying with graduate students’ burnout and organizational citizenship behaviors. Graduate students (N = 272) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring the degree to which faculty bully them at work (i.e., through belittlement, punishment, managerial misconduct, exclusion) along with reports of their student burnout (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy) and use of organizational citizenship behaviors (i.e., helping, civic virtue, sportsmanship). Results of canonical correlations revealed that faculty bullying was related positively to graduate student burnout and was related inversely to organizational citizenship behaviors.  相似文献   

Hazard and Outrage: Developing a Psychometric Instrument in the Aftermath of Katrina     

Kenneth A. Lachlan  Patric R. Spence 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):109-123

This article details the development of a psychometric instrument measuring the constructs of hazard and outrage in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The study focused on the interplay of perceived hazard and outrage in relation to evacuation from the New Orleans area, with specific attention to demographic differences. Perceptions of hazard and outrage during Katrina served to illustrate the utility of the scale in examining these responses across different demographic groups. Possible ways that this information can be used to design messages that alert audiences to hazards, yet successfully address the need for outrage, emerged from the study.  相似文献   

Influences on Undergraduate Business Students' Perceptions About the Adequacy of Library Information Resources     

Kendra Spahr 《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(4):214-229

This qualitative study was designed to provide insight into the responses of undergraduate business students to a survey item about the adequacy of library resources. Interviews with seven business majors revealed that students were not aware of the information resources available to them and that they found library resources overwhelming and confusing. The findings of this study did not reveal that additional business information resources should be provided to support students, but the study did yield useful information about what influences undergraduate business students' perceptions of and expectations about the information resources provided by the library. The article includes recommendations for increasing students' awareness of specialized business databases and improving students' perception that the content of these databases is useful for their coursework.  相似文献   

Safety of vessels at sea     

Peter Spence 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1860,70(3):200-201

  相似文献   

The Experience of Female Ballet Dancers: A grounded theory     

Kendra M. Gray  Mark A. Kunkel 《High Ability Studies》2001,12(1):7-25

We examined the experience of female ballet dancers and developed a theory about the origin and effects of this experience. Gordon's (1983) book Off Balance contains interviews and accounts of dancers' experience, and was used as the primary data source. Established methods of grounded theory were used to develop a theoretical account based on Gordon's text. We gleaned 167 meaning units from the text, and through categorization of these meaning units identified thematic components of dancers' experience as: (a) Fantasy Creatures; (b) Machines; (c) Slaves; (d) Children; and (e) Artists, each feeding our core construct of dancers as "A Breed Apart". Based on these categories we suggest some possible dynamics from which these experiences derive; we also discuss the study's limitations and implications for future research.  相似文献