Chips,tags and scanners: Ethical challenges for radio frequency identification     

Dara J. Glasser  Kenneth W. Goodman  Norman G. Einspruch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(2):101-109

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems identify and track objects, animals and, in principle, people. The ability to gather information obtained by tracking consumer goods, government documents, monetary transactions and human beings raises a number of interesting and important privacy issues. Moreover, RFID systems pose an ensemble of other ethical challenges related to appropriate uses and users of such systems. This paper reviews a number of RFID applications with the intention of identifying the technology’s benefits and possible misuses. We offer an overview and discussion of the most important ethical issues concerning RFID, and describes and examine some methods of protecting privacy. Norman G. Einspruch serves as a consultant to several high-technology companies, one of which is in the RFID components and systems business.  相似文献   

Context matters in child and family policy     

Dodge KA 《Child development》2011,82(1):433-442

The traditional model of translation from basic laboratory science to efficacy trials to effectiveness trials to community dissemination has flaws that arise from false assumptions that context changes little or matters little. One of the most important findings in developmental science is that context matters, but this fact is not sufficiently taken into account in many translation efforts. Studies reported in this special issue highlight both the potential of systematic interventions in parenting, peer relations, and social-cognitive skills training, and the problems that will be encountered in trying to bring these interventions to a community context. It is advocated that developmental scientists start from within the community context itself so that translation to policy is only a small step. It is also advocated that this research be conducted through rigorous community randomized controlled trials.  相似文献   

Changes in the prevalence of child sexual abuse, its risk factors, and their associations as a function of age cohort in a Finnish population sample     

Laaksonen T  Sariola H  Johansson A  Jern P  Varjonen M  von der Pahlen B  Sandnabba NK  Santtila P 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(7):480-490

Objective

We examined (1) the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences as a function of cohort and gender, (2) the prevalence of factors associated with CSA as a function of cohort and whether the association of these factors with CSA remained the same irrespective of cohort, and (3) whether any cohort differences could be explainable by cohort differences in reporting bias.

Method

We used the responses of 4,561 men (M = 29, SD = 7 years) and 8,361 female (M = 29, SD = 7 years) Finnish participants who responded to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form as well as questions regarding family structure.

Results

The prevalence of CSA experiences varied between 0.7-4.6% for men and 1.8-7.5% for women depending on the item. Younger cohorts reported less CSA as well as less of the risk factors (physical neglect and abuse, emotional neglect and abuse, parental substances abuse, not growing up with both biological parents) that were positively associated with the likelihood of CSA. The effects of these risk factors did not vary as a function of the cohort. Also, the declining trend was not explainable by social desirability being higher in the younger cohorts.

Conclusions

The results suggest that there is a real decline in the prevalence of CSA and it is associated with a simultaneous decline in factors associated with CSA.  相似文献   

The Pell and the Poor: A Regression-Discontinuity Analysis of On-Time College Enrollment     

Rachel B. Rubin 《Research in higher education》2011,52(7):675-692

In this study, I capitalize on a natural experiment to examine the effect of federal Pell Grant eligibility on college enrollment for students who graduated from high school in spring 2004 and who completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 are used to array students on the continuous Expected Family Contribution (EFC) variable, attained from the FAFSA, and divide them into two categories—those with an EFC at or below the federally designated amount for Pell eligibility, and those above. This regression-discontinuity approach allows me to measure whether students who vary regarding their Pell Grant eligibility, but who have essentially identical family incomes, differ in their college enrollment rates. I find no effect. While confirming prior studies examining the impact of the Pell Grant on college enrollment for traditional students, this finding remains inconsistent with findings on other need-based grants. This result suggests that the minimum Pell Grant amount, currently less than 10% of an average college’s tuition and fees, may be insufficient.  相似文献   

Surgeons as medical school educators: an untapped resource     

Haubert LM  Way D  DePhilip R  Tam M  Bishop J  Jones K  Moffatt-Bruce SD 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(4):182-189

Despite extensive experience teaching residents, surgeons are an untapped resource for educating medical students. We hypothesized that by involving surgeons as teachers earlier in the medical school curriculum, medical students' interest in surgery will increase and their opinions of surgeons will improve. Five programs designed to involve surgeons as educators in the medical school curriculum were implemented. The first program, started in 2008, introduced surgical faculty into the first-year medical student anatomy dissection laboratories. Other programs initiated in 2008 included: Surgical Clinical Correlates in Anatomy, which involved faculty teaching through cadaver surgery; Clinical Pathologic Conferences in Anatomy, a surgeon-led conference based on clinical cases; and a women's faculty-student mentorship program. Table Rounds, a surgeon-led anatomy review that used clinical scenarios to quiz students was begun in 2009. All five programs were successfully integrated into the medical school curriculum. While student opinion of surgeons as educators improved, there were no significant changes in student interest in surgery as a career nor change in performance on written examinations over the Anatomy content covered by the surgeons. Surgical faculty and trainees can be integrated into the medical school curriculum. Involving surgeons as educators earlier in the medical school curriculum may have longer term effects than could be observed in this study. At a minimum, the experience improved student opinion of surgeons as educators.  相似文献   

Richard Spinello and Maria Bottis: Understanding the debate on the legal protection of moral intellectual property interests: review essay of A Defense of Intellectual Property Rights     

Kenneth Einar Himma 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):283-288

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切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折100例临床观察     

姚汝斌  杨开舜  尚学红 《大理师专学报》2014,(4):36-38

目的：探讨切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法：分析2008年9月至2011年9月,行切开复位植骨锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折100例（共103足）。男性76例,女性24例,其中单侧97例,双侧3例。年龄18-64岁,平均（33.19±5.97）岁。按Sanders分型Ⅱ型28例,Ⅲ型62例,IV型10例。均采用跟骨外侧L型切口,切开复位锁定钢板内固定。结果：92例获得随访,随访时间6-30个月,平均18个月。应用Maryland评分系统进行疗效评定。优46例、良40例、中4例（1例双侧跟骨骨折）,优良率93.4%。其中1例出现骨不愈合,再次行距下关节融合术,1例出现皮肤坏死经换药后治愈,1例出现腓肠神经症状。结论：切开复位植骨锁定钢板内固定是治疗跟骨骨折的有效方法。  相似文献   

Identification and evaluation of technology trends in K-12 education from 2011 to 2021     

Dub&#;  Adam Kenneth  Wen  Run 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(2):1929-1958

Education and Information Technologies - Educational technologies have captured the attention of researchers, policy makers, and parents. Each year, considerable effort and money are invested into...  相似文献   

Blocking between landmarks during 2-D (touchscreen) and 3-D (ARENA) search tasks with pigeons     

Kenneth J. Leising  Jared Wong  Chad M. Ruprecht  Aaron P. Blaisdell 《Learning & behavior》2014,42(4):357-364

Many studies investigating cue competition have focused on the blocking effect. We investigated the blocking effect with pigeons using a landmark-based spatial search task in both a touchscreen preparation (Exp. 1a) and an automated remote environmental navigation apparatus (Exp. 1b). In Phase 1, two landmarks (LMs: A and Z) appeared on separate trials as colored circles among a row of eight (touchscreen) or six (ARENA) identical response units. Subjects were rewarded for pecking at a target response unit to the right of LM A and to the left of an extraneous LM, Z. During the blocking trials in Phase 2, LM X was presented in compound with a second LM (A) that had been previously trained. On control trials, LM Y was presented in compound with LM B and a target in the same manner as in the trials of AX, except that neither landmark had previously been trained with the target. All subjects were then tested with separate trials of A, X, B, and Y. Testing revealed poor spatial control by X relative to A and Y. We report the first evidence for a spatial-blocking effect in pigeons and additional support for associative effects (e.g., blocking) occurring under similar conditions (e.g., training sessions, spatial relationships, etc.) in 3-D and 2-D search tasks.  相似文献   

Differing over fulbright     

Richard T. Arndt  David Lee Rubin 《Academic Questions》1995,8(1):7-10

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