An international collaborative investigation of beginning seventh grade students' understandings of scientific inquiry: Establishing a baseline     

Judith Lederman  Norman Lederman  Selina Bartels  Juan Jimenez  Mark Akubo  Shereen Aly  Chengcheng Bao  Estelle Blanquet  Ron Blonder  Mariana Bologna Soares de Andrade  Catherine Buntting  Mustafa Cakir  Heba EL-Deghaidy  Ahmed ElZorkani  Estelle Gaigher  Shuchen Guo  Arvi Hakanen  Soraya Hamed Al-Lal  Cigdem Han-Tosunoglu  Annemarie Hattingh  Anne Hume  Serhat Irez  Gillian Kay  Ozgur Kivilcan Dogan  Kerstin Kremer  Pi-Chu Kuo  Jari Lavonen  Shu-Fen Lin  Cheng Liu  Enshan Liu  Shiang-Yao Liu  Bin Lv  Rachel Mamlok-Naaman  Christine McDonald  Irene Neumann  Yaozhen Pan  Eric Picholle  Ana Rivero García  Carl-Johan Rundgren  David Santibáñez-Gómez  Kathy Saunders  Renee Schwartz  Frauke Voitle  Jakob von Gyllenpalm  Fangbing Wei  Jocelyn Wishart  Zhifeng Wu  Huang Xiao  Yalcin Yalaki  Qiaoxue Zhou 《科学教学研究杂志》2019,56(4):486-515

Although understandings of scientific inquiry (as opposed to conducting inquiry) are included in science education reform documents around the world, little is known about what students have learned about inquiry during their elementary school years. This is partially due to the lack of any assessment instrument to measure understandings about scientific inquiry. However, a valid and reliable assessment has recently been developed and published, Views About Scientific Inquiry (VASI; Lederman et al. [2014], Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 51, 65–83). The purpose of this large-scale international project was to collect the first baseline data on what beginning middle school students have learned about scientific inquiry during their elementary school years. Eighteen countries/regions spanning six continents including 2,634 students participated in the study. The participating countries/regions were: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Mainland China, New Zealand, Nigeria, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States. In many countries, science is not formally taught until middle school, which is the rationale for choosing seventh grade students for this investigation. This baseline data will simultaneously provide information on what, if anything, students learn about inquiry in elementary school, as well as their beginning knowledge as they enter secondary school. It is important to note that collecting data from all of the approximately 200 countries globally was not humanly possible, and it was also not possible to collect data from every region of each country. The results overwhelmingly show that students around the world at the beginning of grade seven have very little understandings about scientific inquiry. Some countries do show reasonable understandings in certain aspects but the overall picture of understandings of scientific inquiry is not what is hoped for after completing 6 years of elementary education in any country.  相似文献   

Increasing Educational Attainment and Aspiration in an Underserved Community: The Perspective of Urban-Community Leaders     

Dawn Person  Yvonne Garcia  Eugene Fujimoto  Kayla Nguyen  Katherine Saunders  John Hoffman 《The Urban Review》2014,46(3):493-506

Latino students are significantly underrepresented in higher education. As the largest and fastest growing racial/ethnic population in the US, this is cause for national concern. Additionally, this rapid population growth is a call for community and school leaders from underserved communities to assess their service areas and focus on interventions to increase the college-going rates of youth. Maywood is a city located in Southeast Los Angeles. Like many other urban areas, Maywood’s largely Latino population is underrepresented in higher education. This research focused on interviewing Maywood’s community and school leaders (n = 24) to gain insight into their perceptions of their role and responsibility to address issues surrounding their community’s low levels of educational attainment. A key theme emerged revealing that leaders understand their community’s educational issues but do not see their role as leaders to directly address this issue to build a college-going culture. Implications for practice in strengthening community partnerships and developing a college-going culture are provided and a series of recommendations for the creation of a college-going culture are discussed.  相似文献   

A comparison of concrete and formal science instruction upon science achievement and reasoning ability of sixth grade students     

Walter L. Saunders  Daniel Shepardson 《科学教学研究杂志》1987,24(1):39-51

Several recent studies suggest concrete learners make greater gains in student achievement and in cognitive development when receiving concrete instruction than when receiving formal instruction. This study examined the effect of concrete and formal instruction upon reasoning and science achievement of sixth grade students. Four intact classes of sixth grade students were randomly selected into two treatment groups; concrete and formal. The treatments were patterned after the operational definitions published by Schneider and Renner (1980). Pretest and posttest measures were taken on the two dependent variables; reasoning, measured with Lawson's Classroom Test of Formal Reasoning, and science achievement, measured with seven teacher made tests covering the following units in a sixth grade general science curriculum: Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science, Cells, Plants, Animals, and Ecology. Analysis of covariance indicated significantly higher levels (better than 0.05 and in some cases 0.01) of performance in science achievement and cognitive development favoring the concrete instruction group and a significant gender effect favoring males.  相似文献   

Sex roles and the school     

Fay E. Saunders 《Prospects》1975,5(3):362-371

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New and old themes in Canadian juvenile justice: The origins of delinquency legislation and the prospects for recognition of children's rights     

Jeffrey S. Leon 《Interchange》1977,8(1-2):151-175

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Development of an instrument for exploring preservice technology teachers’ maker-based technological pedagogical content knowledge     

Chih-Jung Ku  Wei-Leong Leon Loh  Kuen-Yi Lin  P. John Williams 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(2):552-568

With the development of the maker movement, more and more teachers are applying a broad range of technological tools in their pedagogy, instead of only information technology. This study details the development and validation of the Teachers Maker-based TPACK Survey Instrument (TMTSI), a revised model designed to measure technology teachers’ maker-based technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in utilizing maker-based tools to support their teaching. We recruited 165 preservice secondary technology teachers in Taiwan for this study and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to validate the instrument. Our findings suggest that TMTSI provided a valid and highly reliable research-based instrument that also serves as a professional development model to help scaffold the development of K-12 technology teachers. This paper details the theoretical foundations of TMTSI, reports on its reliability and validity, and discusses the application and implications of TMTSI for teacher education and professional development.  相似文献   

The Reality of Reference: Responsibilities and Competencies for Current Reference Librarians     

Laura Saunders 《Public Services Quarterly》2013,9(2):114-135

Academic reference services face great challenges as they cope with the pace of technological change, competition from other information service providers, and tight budgets. In fact, some critics suggest that reference services are no longer relevant or necessary as more information moves online. This study examines a nationwide survey that reveals that reference librarians are indeed engaged in a wide variety of activities requiring a range of competencies and skills. Results of this study suggest that reference services are not dying but are evolving, with most academic reference librarians engaged in multifunction positions involving both traditional and nontraditional reference activities.  相似文献   

Learning from Our Mistakes: Reflections on Customer Service and How to Improve It at the Reference Desk     

Laura Saunders 《College & Undergraduate Libraries》2013,20(2):144-155

Libraries have to compete with a barrage of online resources for patrons’ attention and with other campus departments for scarce funding and resources. In this competitive environment, customer service is one of the best strategies librarians can employ. Satisfied patrons will continue to use our services, thereby providing support for libraries’ budget requests. Even though librarians understand the importance of customer service, we do not always succeed in putting it into practice. Drawing on experiences from teaching a reference course, the author reviews examples of poor service and offers some ideas and guidelines for improving service on the front lines.  相似文献   

Learning and Teaching Positive Guidance Skills: Lessons from Early Childhood Practicum Students     

Laura Mcfarland  Rachel Saunders  Sydnye Allen 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(3):204-221

Empirical studies of early childhood educators' experiences with learning and implementing positive guidance skills are absent from the extant literature. This study explored this topic with 63 junior and senior level university students who were involved in concurrent instructional lecture and practicum experiences. Participants defined “positive guidance” diversely with definitions ranging from accurate to inaccurate. Most participants held inaccurate or somewhat inaccurate definitions both before and after class. Participants considered several positive guidance skills difficult to master, including conflict resolution, positive language usage, setting and following through with limits, and offering choices. They rated positive language usage and conflict resolution as two of the four most improved skills during the course and addressing children's individual needs and confidence as most improved after the course ended. The majority of participants cited the hands-on aspects of class and lab as being important in contributing to positive attitudes about positive guidance.  相似文献   

NEEDED: COMMUNAL PLANNING AND BETTER FUNDING     

Dr. Leon H. Spotts 《Journal of Jewish Education》2013,79(3-4):45-47

That Central agencies for Jewish education throughout North America are in difficulty is now an established fact. The challenges facing these agencies relate principally to the two “f's”: function and financing. As the configuration and power structure of Jewish communities have changed, the traditional activities of bureaus and boards of Jewish education have come under intense scrutiny. At the same time, the geometric escalation of Jewish community demands on decreasing financial resources has made it increasingly difficult for bureaus to secure the funding needed to carry out their full array of programs.  相似文献