What types of functions may be the lower Bohl function of a diagonal discrete linear time-varying systems?     

Artur Babiarz  Adam Czornik  Alexander Konyukh  Michał Niezabitowski 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2017,354(13):5131-5144

In this paper, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for a function f to be a lower Bohl function of a diagonal discrete linear time-varying systems.  相似文献   

Building Multicultural Competencies in School Counselor Trainees: An International Immersion Experience     

Charlene M. Alexander  Theresa Kruczek  Joseph G. Ponterotto 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2005,44(4):255-266

The authors describe an international cultural immersion field experience, make recommendations for counselor educators who want to establish a similar program, and present an example of a student's reflection on the experience as recorded in the personal multicultural competency portfolio.  相似文献   

Example-Based Learning in Heuristic Domains: A Cognitive Load Theory Account   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alexander Renkl  Tatjana Hilbert  Silke Schworm 《Educational Psychology Review》2009,21(1):67-78

One classical instructional effect of cognitive load theory (CLT) is the worked-example effect. Although the vast majority of studies have focused on well-structured and algorithmic sub-domains of mathematics or physics, more recent studies have also analyzed learning with examples from complex domains in which only heuristic solution strategies can be taught (e.g., troubleshooting, mathematical proving). Is learning by such examples also effective, and do the same instructional design principles apply? We discuss the main findings of an own research program and of related studies that addressed such questions. We found that CLT’s basic design principles also hold true for heuristic domains: Reduce extraneous load by employing examples, maximize germane load by fostering self-explanations, prevent cognitive overload by pretraining in the case of difficult learning materials, and by focusing attention on the most relevant aspects. Other typical CLT assumptions (e.g., better provide information for novice learners) were not confirmed in its generality. The present findings extend the applicability of CLT but also identify some potentially too simplistic assumptions.  相似文献   

Why Don't More Students Major in IS?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

William L. Kuechler  Alexander McLeod  Mark G. Simkin 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2009,7(2):463-488

The large increases in the number of information systems (IS) majors about 10 years ago have been matched by equally large decreases in IS enrollments over the last few years. This article addresses the question of why students choose any major in general, and why students no longer choose to become an IS major in particular. We used a validated survey instrument and the responses from 163 students to examine this question in detail. Not surprisingly, we found that "genuine interest" in the subject was the most salient factor affecting the decision to major in IS. More surprising were what factors did not appear to influence this decision—for example, the promise of good job salaries, job security, the advice of others, or even the image of those who become IS professionals. Students seem aware that information technology employment opportunities exist; if job and salary issues contribute to choosing majors  other than IS , it is due to the perception of an unfavorable work/salary ratio for our field rather than one of job security or availability. That is, the amount of work to get an IS degree (the perception of harder-than-average courses) combined with (for many students) the perception of an undesirable amount of continuous training to keep an IS career just do not seem to balance with salary levels. These findings have important implications for the recruiting efforts of IS faculty seeking to attract more IS majors.  相似文献   

Differential scanning calorimetry: Fundamental overview     

Kevin Lukas  Peter K. LeMaire 《Resonance》2009,14(8):807-817

This paper discusses the fundamentals of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) including functions and outputs of a Differential Scanning Calorimeter along with common uses in academia and industry.  相似文献   

Why constructivists should not talk about constructivist learning environments: a commentary on Loyens and Gijbels (2008)     

Alexander Renkl 《Instructional Science》2009,37(5):495-498

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FROM PISA TO EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS: THE IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE ASSESSMENTS ON SCIENCE EDUCATION IN GERMANY   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Knut Neumann  Hans E. Fischer  Alexander Kauertz 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(3):545-563

The German education system does not traditionally rely on standardized testing. However, when the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study revealed an average performance of German students compared to other participating countries, a particular proportion of low-performing students, and remarkable disparities between the federal states, German policy makers decided for a major reform of the education system. A core piece of this reform was the introduction of National Education Standards. For science education, these standards were heavily influenced by the PISA results and its underlying framework. That is, with the standards, a paradigm shift took place from the German notion of Bildung towards the Anglo-American notion of literacy. With the introduction of these standards, a new field of empirical educational research was created: research on models of scientific literacy or competency models as a basis of benchmarking the standards. This article describes the German education system before PISA, summarizes the major findings from PISA, and describes how these findings informed the formulation of the performance standards for science education. It also details the measures undertaken to benchmark these standards. Finally, it provides insight into the issues with developing and benchmarking performance standards and points out future areas of research on evidence-based decision making in educational policy.  相似文献   

Clinician perspectives and practices regarding the use of exercise in the treatment of adolescent depression     

Sara Radovic  Glenn Alexander Melvin  Michael Solomon Gordon 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1371-1377

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Fatigue-related changes in technique emerge at different timescales during repetitive training     

Daniel Aragonés  Alexander Eekhoff  Fabian Horst  Wolfgang Immanuel Schöllhorn 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1296-1304

Training consisting of numerous repetitions performed as closely as possible to ideal techniques is common in sports and every-day tasks. Little is known about fatigue-related technique changes that emerge at different timescales when repeating complex actions such as a karate front kick. Accordingly, 15 karatekas performed 600 kicks (1 pre-block and 9 blocks). The pre-block comprised 6 kicks (3 with each leg) at maximum intensity (K-100%). Each block comprised 60 kicks (10 with each leg) at 80% of their self-perceived maximum intensity (K-80%) plus 6 K-100%. In between blocks, the participants rested for 90 seconds. Right leg kinematics (peak joint angles, peak joint angular velocities, peak joint linear resultant velocities, and time of occurrence of peaks) and kick duration corresponding to the K-80% were measured resulting in numerous variations with fatigue. At the timescale of tens of seconds, the changes involved variables that were related to velocity of execution (slowed down), while variables related to movement form were hardly affected. At the timescale of tens of minutes, the opposite results were observed. These findings challenge the long-standing rationale underlying repetitive training, suggesting instead that such involuntary variations in technique might play a crucial role in motor skill training  相似文献   

Relationships between performance test and match-related physical performance parameters     

Stefan Altmann  Maximilian Kuberczyk  Steffen Ringhof  Rainer Neumann  Alexander Woll 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(2):218-227

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