Effects of early child care on children's functioning from 4(1/2) years through the end of 6th grade (M age=12.0 years) were examined in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n=1,364). The results indicated that although parenting was a stronger and more consistent predictor of children's development than early child-care experience, higher quality care predicted higher vocabulary scores and more exposure to center care predicted more teacher-reported externalizing problems. Discussion focuses on mechanisms responsible for these effects, the potential collective consequences of small child-care effects, and the importance of the ongoing follow-up at age 15. 相似文献
To examine the ontogeny of emotional face processing, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from adults and 7-month-old infants while viewing pictures of fearful, happy, and neutral faces. Face-sensitive ERPs at occipital-temporal scalp regions differentiated between fearful and neutral/happy faces in both adults (N170 was larger for fear) and infants (P400 was larger for fear). Behavioral measures showed no overt attentional bias toward fearful faces in adults, but in infants, the duration of the first fixation was longer for fearful than happy faces. Together, these results suggest that the neural systems underlying the differential processing of fearful and happy/neutral faces are functional early in life, and that affective factors may play an important role in modulating infants' face processing. 相似文献
A multisite qualitative study investigated the experiences of six group leaders and 10 group members who participated in seven different university counseling center international student support groups. Analyses of interview data using hermeneutic interpretation resulted in nine major themes and 10 subthemes organized into four sections: (a) recruitment and group design, (b) experiences of group members, (c) experiences of group leaders, and (d) additional considerations. 相似文献
Abstract The museum landscape has changed dramatically over the last 20 years. Technology has made possible new kinds of interactions, visitor expectations have broadened, competition for time and resources has become increasingly intense, and the buildings serve ever‐more‐complex roles. As a result, interactive designers, including those of us at Second Story, have evolved our skills and approaches to keep pace. This article summarizes many of our observations while sharing some of the best practices that we have evolved to create engaging interactive installations, websites, and experiences. Despite changes in technology and user behavior, a core focus on great storytelling should drive interactive design and serve as the critical element for museums communication and connecting with their visitors. 相似文献
This article describes kindergarten from the perspective of the whole child. Specifically, it reviews current research on
best practices to improve children’s math and language arts competencies, memory skills, and the role of kindergarten in beginning
science. It also describes the social experiences children have in kindergarten with respect to their academic success. Similarly,
it reviews the impact of emotional competence on school success. This article then reviews research describing three major
influences on children’s kindergarten adaptation and success (i.e., transition, parental involvement, retention). The article
concludes with a discussion of full-day kindergarten programs and their potential for improving the chances of all kindergarten
children, especially low-income and ethnic minority children, for success in school. 相似文献
The purpose of this paper is to explore public interpretations of President George W. Bush's speaking errors. One interpretation of Bush's speech mistakes offered in the media is that he may have dyslexia. Therefore, we explore how an enthymeme using markers of dyslexia as a sign of bad leadership has been used to frame Bush's speaking errors. We provide an analysis of an exemplar of how Bush's speech errors are represented in the media. Our exemplar is the desktop calendar George W. Bushisms: The Accidental Wit and Wisdom of Our 43rd President . We demonstrate that this text focused on common indicators of dyslexia, that is, speaking errors, to position Bush as a 'bad' and 'stupid' leader. Finally, we offer conclusions and implications that this study has for our understanding of politics and disabilities. 相似文献
This essay describes how the use of a concept inventory has enhanced professional development and curriculum reform efforts of a faculty teaching community. The Host Pathogen Interactions (HPI) teaching team is composed of research and teaching faculty with expertise in HPI who share the goal of improving the learning experience of students in nine linked undergraduate microbiology courses. To support evidence-based curriculum reform, we administered our HPI Concept Inventory as a pre- and postsurvey to approximately 400 students each year since 2006. The resulting data include student scores as well as their open-ended explanations for distractor choices. The data have enabled us to address curriculum reform goals of 1) reconciling student learning with our expectations, 2) correlating student learning with background variables, 3) understanding student learning across institutions, 4) measuring the effect of teaching techniques on student learning, and 5) demonstrating how our courses collectively form a learning progression. The analysis of the concept inventory data has anchored and deepened the team's discussions of student learning. Reading and discussing students' responses revealed the gap between our understanding and the students' understanding. We provide evidence to support the concept inventory as a tool for assessing student understanding of HPI concepts and faculty development. 相似文献
This article presents some of the Scottish findings of a comparative research project (2002–2004) which examined the ways initial teacher education (ITE) policy and practice take place in two of the four major components of the UK, England and Scotland. Debates about the nature of professional knowledge, where it resides and who owns it continue to play a central role in the development of initial teacher education arrangements as they currently stand in Scotland. The way university providers, schools and policy groups are positioned in the debate varies according to what their primary function is and how initial teacher education features on their agenda. In this article the authors investigate the conceptions, expectations and aspirations of a selected sample of policy actors, university‐based and school‐based ITE staff, and discuss implications for policy and practice in initial teacher education in Scotland.
Cet article présente une partie des résultats Ecossais d'un projet de recherche comparatif (2002–2004), et qui s'intéresse aux politiques et aux pratiques de formation initiale des enseignants en Angleterre et en Ecosse. Le domaine de la formation des enseignants en Ecosse continue à faire l'objet de questionnements sur la nature du savoir professionnel des enseignants ainsi que comment, et où, celui‐ci s'acquiert. La position des principaux acteurs dans ce débat—universités, écoles et instances professionnelles et politiques spécifiques au contexte écossais‐ varie suivant que la formation initiale des enseignants occupe une place prépondérante ou secondaire dans leur mission première. Cet article examine les conceptions, les attentes et les aspirations d'un échantillon d'acteurs regroupant des représentants de groupes professionnels et politiques, des formateurs universitaires et des formateurs de terrain, et envisage les implications politiques et pratiques pour la formation initiale des enseignants en Ecosse.
El presente artículo presenta algunos de los resultados sobre Escocia, en el marco de un proyecto de investigación comparativo (2002–2004) el cual examina las formas en las que la política y práctica de la educación inicial del maestro (ITE) se realiza en dos de los cuatro mayores componentes del Reino Unido, Englaterra y Escocia. Debates sobre la naturaleza del conocimiento profesional, en dónde reside y quién lo posee continúa jugando un rol central en el desarrollo de la educación inicial del maestro tal y como se realiza en Escocia actualmente. La manera en que los proveedores de las universidades, escuelas y grupos políticos están posicionados en el debate varía de acuerdo con su función principal y la manera cómo la educación inicial del maestro trata sus intereses. En este artículo, los autores investigan las concepciones, expectativas y aspiraciones de una muestra seleccionada de actores políticos y equipo de trabajo universitario y escolar del ITE, y analiza sus implicaciones para la política y práctica de la educación inicial del maestro en Escocia.
Dieser Artikel berichtet ueber die Schottischen Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Studie (2002–2004), sie untersucht, in welcher Weise sich Politik und Praxis in der Lehrerausbildung manifestieren in den zwei der vier Laendern des Vereinigten Koenigreiches, England und Schottland. Diskissionen ueber die Art des professionellen Wissens, wo es liegt und wem es gehoert spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der Entwicklund der Lehrerausbildung wie sie im Moment ist. Die Art und Weise wie sich die Universitaeten, Schulen und politische Gruppen positionieren in der Debatte variiert, je nachdem was ihre wesentliche Funktion ist und wie wichtig die Lehreausbildung ihnen ist. In diesem Artikel untersuchen die Autoren die Auffassungen, Erwartungen und Aspirationen einiger ausgewaehlter Politiker, Personal in der universitaeren und schulischen Lehrerausbildung und diskutieren Implikationen für Politik und Praxis in der Lehrerausbildung in Schottland. 相似文献
